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62-449: The New Cross house fire was a fire that occurred during a party at a house in New Cross , south-east London , in the early hours of Sunday, 18 January 1981. The blaze killed 13 young black people aged between 14 and 22, and one survivor killed himself two years later. No one has ever been charged in connection with the fire, which forensic science subsequently established started inside

124-432: A firestorm , in which the central column of rising heated air induces strong inward winds, which supply oxygen to the fire. Conflagrations can cause casualties including deaths or injuries from burns , trauma due to collapse of structures and attempts to escape, and smoke inhalation . Firefighting is the practice of extinguishing a conflagration, protecting life and property and minimizing damage and injury. One of

186-647: A "third force" democratic socialist foreign policy, with Europe acting independently from the United States and the Soviet Union, most coherently advanced in the pamphlet Keep Left (which was published by the rival New Statesman ). After the Soviet rejection of Marshall Aid and the communist takeover of Czechoslovakia in 1948, Tribune endorsed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and took

248-596: A 1981 film by Menelik Shabazz , documents the response of the Black community to the fire. The deaths in the fire were commemorated or mentioned in a number of reggae songs and poems at the time, including Johnny Osbourne 's "13 Dead and Nothing Said", Benjamin Zephaniah 's "13 Dead", Linton Kwesi Johnson 's "New Crass Massakah" and UB40 's "Don't Let It Pass You By". The events are referenced in The Young'uns song "These Hands" on

310-489: A blue plaque from Nubian Jak Community Trust . There is a stone memorial in Fordham Park , Deptford, listing those who died; facing the stone memorial is a bench with a memorial inscription. Both were installed in 2012. There is also a memorial to the victims consisting of a park bench, plus 13 trees with a plaque at either end, on Hackney Downs in east London, and a memorial plaque on the wall of Catford Civic Hall listing

372-416: A controversial speech by Dame Jill Knight , a right-wing member of the ruling Conservative Party , which was widely interpreted as condoning or even encouraging "direct action" against noisy parties. Tribune described the march as "the largest mass movement for racial justice on British soil at the time", but also noted that "journalists stationed in the offices of Fleet Street chanted monkey noises at

434-579: A front page exclaiming "Don't let this be the last issue of Tribune ". Under Anderson, the paper took a strongly pro-European stance, supported electoral reform and argued for military intervention against Serbian aggression in Croatia and Bosnia. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Tribune acted as a clearing house for arguments inside the Labour Party, with contributions from all major players. From 1993, Mark Seddon shifted Tribune several degrees back to

496-484: A march to the scene of the fire and a demonstration there, which blocked New Cross Road for several hours. The New Cross Massacre Action Committee (NCMAC) was set up, chaired by John La Rose , and organised weekly meetings in New Cross, which saw increasing participation as the police investigation announced that there was no evidence of arson and that the fire was believed to be accidental. Documents and papers related to

558-548: A new CPGB policy – supported by Cripps – of backing a popular front , including non-socialist parties, against fascism and appeasement; Foot resigned in solidarity. Mellor was succeeded by H. J. Hartshorn, a secret member of the CPGB. Meanwhile, Victor Gollancz , the Left Book Club's publisher, joined the board of directors. For the next year, the paper was little more than an appendage of the Left Book Club, taking an uncritical line on

620-475: A principled position against the Vietnam War . It also backed the unions' campaigns against the government's prices-and-incomes policies and against In Place of Strife , Barbara Castle's 1969 package of trade union law reforms. The paper continued in the same vein after Edward Heath won the 1970 general election, opposing his Tory government's trade union legislation between 1970 and 1974 and placing itself at

682-887: A regular contributor until March 1947. Orwell's most famous contributions to Tribune as a columnist include "You and the Atom Bomb", "The sporting spirit", "Books v cigarettes", " Decline of the English Murder ", and " Some Thoughts on the Common Toad ", all of which have since appeared in dozens of anthologies. Other writers who contributed to Tribune in the 1940s include Naomi Mitchison , Stevie Smith , Alex Comfort , Arthur Calder-Marshall , Julian Symons , Elizabeth Taylor , Rhys Davies , Daniel George, Inez Holden , and Phyllis Shand Allfrey . Kimche left Tribune to join Reuters in 1945, his place being taken by Frederic Mullally . After

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744-526: A series of personality clashes in 1941, assuming the role of editor himself, although the day-to-day running of the paper was done by Jon Kimche . The Tribune campaigned vigorously for the opening of a second front against Adolf Hitler 's Germany, was consistently critical of the Winston Churchill government's failings, and argued that only a democratic socialist post-war settlement in Britain and Europe as

806-561: A strongly anti-communist line, with its editor declaring in November 1948: "The major threat to democratic socialism and the major danger of war in Europe arises from Soviet policy and not from American policy. It is not the Americans who have imposed a blockade on Berlin. It is not the Americans who have used conspiratorial methods to destroy democratic socialist parties in one country after another. It

868-582: A turning point in the relationship between Black Britons, the police and the media, and marks an "intergenerational alliance to expose racism, injustices and the plight of black Britons". The Action Committee organised a "Black People's Day of Action" on 2 March, when 20,000 people marched over a period of eight hours from Fordham Park to Hyde Park carrying placards that bore statements including: "Thirteen Dead, Nothing Said", "No Police Cover-Up" and "Blood Aga Run If Justice Na Come". One slogan read: "Dame Jill Knight Set The Fire Alight!"; an apparent reference to

930-502: A whole was viable. George Orwell was hired in 1943 as literary editor. In this role, as well as commissioning and writing reviews, he wrote a series of columns, most of them under the title " As I Please ", that have become touchstones of the opinion journalist's craft. Orwell left the Tribune staff in early 1945 to become a war correspondent for The Observer , to be replaced as literary editor by his friend Tosco Fyvel , but he remained

992-587: Is not the Americans who have blocked effective action through one United Nations agency after another". Foot remained in the editorial chair until 1952 when Bob Edwards took over, but he returned after losing his parliamentary seat in Plymouth in 1955. During the early 1950s, Tribune became the organ of the Bevanite left opposition to the Labour Party leadership, turning against the United States over its handling of

1054-472: The Morning Star . Tribune had 2,000 subscribers, with an aim of reaching 10,000 within a year. The magazine is currently published quarterly. In December 2020, the magazine's editor announced it had 15,000 subscribers. Tribune often represents the views of Labour-aligned left, most notably for being the publication chosen to launch Rebecca Long-Bailey 's leadership campaign. High-profile writers for

1116-695: The Sunday Pictorial ) and in 1948 himself became joint editor with Anderson, after Kimche was fired for disappearing from the office to travel to Istanbul to negotiate the safe passage of two Jewish refugee ships through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles. In the first few years of the Attlee administration, Tribune became the focus for the Labour left's attempts to persuade Ernest Bevin , the Foreign Secretary, to adopt

1178-676: The BBC . The fire and the protests that followed were part of the Steve McQueen co-directed television documentary series Uprising shown on BBC One in July 2021. 51°28′33″N 0°01′49″W  /  51.4757°N 0.0304°W  / 51.4757; -0.0304 Conflagration A conflagration is a large fire . Conflagrations often damage human life, animal life, health, and/or property. A conflagration can begin accidentally or be intentionally created ( arson ). A very large fire can produce

1240-608: The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). The paper's first editor was William Mellor . Among its journalists were Michael Foot and Barbara Betts (later Barbara Castle ), while the board included the Labour MPs Aneurin Bevan and Ellen Wilkinson , Harold Laski of the Left Book Club , and the veteran left-wing journalist and former ILP member H. N. Brailsford . Mellor was fired in 1938 for refusing to adopt

1302-550: The Labour landslide election victory of 1945 , Bevan joined Clement Attlee 's government and formally left the paper, leaving Mullally and Evelyn Anderson as joint editors, with Foot playing Bevan's role of political director. Over the next five years, Tribune was critically involved in every key political event in the life of the Labour government and reached its highest-ever circulation, of some 40,000. Foot persuaded Kimche to return as joint editor in 1946 (after Mullally's departure to

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1364-464: The Metropolitan Police in 2011 ruled out a firebomb attack, finding instead that the fire had started when somebody in the house set fire to a foam-filled armchair in the front room of the property at 5:40 am on Sunday morning. There had been some early complaints from neighbours about excessive noise from the party. A white Leyland Princess car was seen driving away from the fire. The party

1426-604: The United States-led invasion of Afghanistan and it was outspoken against the invasion of Iraq in 2003. The paper under Seddon also reverted to an anti-European position very similar to that it adopted in the 1970s and early 1980s and campaigned for Gordon Brown to replace Blair as Labour leader and prime minister. Tribune changed format from newspaper to magazine in April 2001, but remained plagued by financial uncertainty, coming close to folding again in 2002. However, Seddon and

1488-453: The Bennites. The next two editors Phil Kelly and Paul Anderson took much the same line, although both clashed with Kinnock, particularly over his decision to abandon Labour's non-nuclear defence policy. Under Kelly, Tribune supported John Prescott 's challenge to Roy Hattersley as Labour Deputy leader in 1988 and came close to going bust, a fate averted by an emergency appeal launched by

1550-558: The High Court led to an order for a second inquest, which was held in 2004. This second inquest also resulted in an open verdict. The coroner said that the fire was probably started deliberately by one of the guests, but as he could not be sure of this, he returned an open verdict. One week after the fire, on 25 January, a meeting was held at the Moonshot Club in New Cross, attended by more than one thousand people. The meeting concluded with

1612-601: The Korean War, then arguing strongly against West German rearmament and nuclear arms. However, Tribune remained critical of the Soviet Union as it denounced Stalin on his death in 1953 and in 1956 opposed the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian Revolution and the British government's Suez adventure. The paper and Bevan parted company after his "naked into the conference chamber" speech at the 1957 Labour Party conference. For

1674-640: The Labour Party National Executive Committee as a candidate of the Grassroots Alliance coalition of left-wing activists. He resigned as editor in summer 2004 and was succeeded by Chris McLaughlin , former political editor of the Sunday Mirror . During 2007, Tribune spawned two offshoot websites: a Tribune Cartoons blog, put together by cartoonists who draw for the magazine; and a Tribune History blog. In September 2008,

1736-553: The New Cross Massacre Action Committee's campaign are held in the archives of the George Padmore Institute and can be accessed by the public. The Black Power group Black Unity and Freedom Party (BUFP) published an account of what happened on the night of the fire in their journal, Black Voice . The New Cross fire, described by Darcus Howe in 2011 as "the blaze we cannot forget", is significant as

1798-801: The Popular Front and the Soviet Union. With the Nazi-Soviet pact and the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Tribune initially adopted the CPGB 's position of denouncing the British and French declarations of war on Germany as imperialist. After the Soviet invasion of Finland, with Cripps off on a world tour, Strauss and Bevan became increasingly impatient with Hartshorn's unrelenting Stalinism . Strauss fired Hartshorn in February 1940, replacing him as editor with Raymond Postgate . Under Postgate's editorship,

1860-565: The Soviet fellow travellers at Tribune were either dismissed, or in Postgate's words, "left soon after in dislike of me". From then on, the paper became the voice of the pro-war democratic left in the Labour Party, taking a position similar to that adopted by Gollancz in the volume Betrayal of the Left he edited attacking the communists for backing the Nazi-Soviet pact. Bevan ousted Postgate after

1922-486: The album Strangers , which won BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Album" 2018. Additionally, reggae producer Sir Collins , whose son Steve died in the fire, released a tribute album in memory of the victims. Rex Obano's radio play Lover's Rock ( BBC Radio 3 , broadcast in November 2012) is a fictional account of the events leading up to the New Cross Fire. In March 2018, poet Jay Bernard 's performance work investigating

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1984-403: The centre ground. They supported "opportunity and aspiration" being central to the party's programme, with policies supporting the "security of its people at its heart". While not critical of then-leader Jeremy Corbyn, it was considered as a group of centre-left and moderate Labour MPs who would resist a left-wing successor being selected. The group has no connection with the current incarnation of

2046-418: The chairman of Tribune Publications, Labour MP Peter Kilfoyle , led a team of pro-bono advisers who organised a rescue package with a consortium of trade unions ( Unison , Amicus , Aslef , Communication Workers Union , Community , T&GWU ), who became majority shareholders in return for a significant investment in the magazine in early 2004. Whilst Tribune editor, Seddon was elected several times to

2108-563: The early 1960s onwards. As such, it played a massive role in the politics of the time. Although it welcomed the election of Harold Wilson's Labour government in 1964—"Tribune takes over from Eton in the cabinet", exclaimed a headline—the paper became rapidly disillusioned. It denounced the Wilson government's timidity on nationalisation and devaluation, opposed its moves to join the European Communities (EC) and attacked it for failing to take

2170-622: The end of October. In 2013, Tribune claimed a circulation of 5,000. In the autumn of 2016, the journal was owned by the businessman Owen Oyston , who acquired its parent company London Publications Ltd. Oyston filed for bankruptcy and ceased to publish Tribune in January 2018. In May 2018, it was announced that the Tribune IP had been sold to the American socialist magazine Jacobin . In August 2018, Jacobin publisher Bhaskar Sunkara confirmed

2232-433: The fire grows into a firestorm . Inside a building, the intensity of gas exchange depends on the size and location of openings in walls and floors, the ceiling height, and the amount and characteristics of the combustible materials . Tribune (magazine) From 2008 it faced serious financial difficulties until it was purchased by Jacobin in late 2018, shifting to a quarterly publication model. Since its relaunch

2294-459: The fire, Surge: Side A , won the 2017 Ted Hughes Award for new poetry. In 2020, a BBC Radio 4 documentary entitled "From the Ashes of New Cross", an episode in the series Lights Out , was broadcast to mark the 40th anniversary of the fire. The New Cross fire and the protests that followed are pivotal to the 2020 Steve McQueen drama Alex Wheatle , part of the filmmaker's Small Axe series for

2356-413: The goals of fire prevention is to avoid conflagrations. When a conflagration is extinguished, there is often a fire investigation to determine the cause of the fire. During a conflagration a significant movement of air and combustion products occurs. Hot gaseous products of combustion move upward, causing the influx of more dense cold air to the combustion zone. Sometimes, the influx is so intense that

2418-510: The head of opposition to Heath's negotiations for Britain to join the EEC. After Labour regained power in 1974, Tribune played a central part in the "no" campaign in the 1975 referendum on British EEC membership . However, Tribune in this period did not speak to, let alone represent, the concerns of the younger generation of leftists who were at the centre of the campaign against the Vietnam War and

2480-491: The house. Inquests into the deaths were held in 1981 and 2004. Both inquests recorded open verdicts . In the immediate aftermath of the fire, a New Cross Massacre Action Committee (NCMAC) was set up, chaired by John La Rose , which organised a " Black People's Day of Action " on 2 March 1981, when some 20,000 people marched over a period of eight hours through London, carrying placards that bore statements including: "13 Dead, Nothing Said". A forensic science report produced for

2542-566: The leadership of Neil Kinnock meant that it had lost any real raison d'etre by the early 1990s. It ceased to promote a list of candidates for shadow cabinet elections. The group was reformed in 2005, led by Clive Efford , MP for Eltham . Invitations to join the newly reformed group were extended to backbench Labour MPs only. The group, which included former cabinet minister Yvette Cooper and former Labour policy coordinator Jon Cruddas , relaunched themselves in April 2017 aiming to reconnect with traditional Labour voters while also appealing to

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2604-486: The left, particularly after Tony Blair became Labour leader in 1994. The paper strongly opposed Blair's abandonment of Clause Four of the Labour Party constitution and resisted his rebranding of the party as New Labour. After Labour won the 1997 general election , the paper maintained an oppositionist stance, objecting to the Blair government's military interventions and its reliance on spin-doctors. In 2001, Tribune opposed

2666-540: The magazine for £40,000 per annum, and with debts written off by the trade union now-former owners. Tribune ' s cartoonists were Alex Hughes , Matthew Buck , Jon Jensen , Martin Rowson and Gary Barker . In March 2009, 100% ownership of the magazine passed to Kevin McGrath through a new company, Tribune Publications 2009 Limited, with the intention of keeping Tribune a left-of-centre publication, though broadening

2728-531: The magazine's future was again in doubt thanks to problems with its trade union funding. An attempt by the Unite trade union to render Tribune its wholly owned subsidiary had a mixed response, but on 9 October it was announced that the magazine would close on 31 October if a buyer could not be found. The uncertainty continued until early December 2008, when it emerged that a 51% stake was being sold to an unnamed Labour Party activist for £1, with an undertaking to support

2790-450: The magazine. In 2018 it listed more than 70 MPs as members. The group launched a new website in 2021, listing 78 MPs as members including Labour leader Keir Starmer . Aside from its online articles and quarterly newspaper, Tribune has other content and operations. On 19 August 2020, Tribune launched the podcast A World to Win alongside economist Grace Blakeley and with funding from The Lipman-Miliband Trust . Notable guests on

2852-468: The names of the "fourteen young people who died in the New Cross Fire of 18th January 1981". This was updated and refurbished in 2024. In 2017, the "13 Dead, Nothing Said" exhibition was hosted at Goldsmiths College , University of London . The exhibition shows photographs documenting the Black People's Day of Action, taken by Vron Ware , who had attended the march on 2 March 1981. Blood Ah Go Run ,

2914-497: The next five years, Tribune was at the forefront of the campaign to commit Labour to a non-nuclear defence policy, "the official weekly of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament " (CND) as the direct actionists in the peace movement put it. CND's general secretary Peggy Duff had been Tribune general manager. Among journalists on Tribune in the 1950s were Richard Clements , Ian Aitken and Mervyn Jones , who related his experience on

2976-542: The number of paying subscribers has passed 15,000, with columns from high-profile socialist politicians such as former leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn , former Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain Pablo Iglesias and former Bolivian President Evo Morales . In January 2020, it was used as the platform on which Rebecca Long-Bailey chose to launch her Labour leadership campaign . Tribune

3038-399: The paper in his autobiography Chances . After Foot was re-elected to Parliament in 1960 for Bevan's old seat of Ebbw Vale , Richard Clements became editor. During the 1960s and 1970s the paper faithfully expressed the ideas of the parliamentary Labour left and allied itself with the new generation of left-wing trade union leaders that emerged on the back of a wave of workplace militancy from

3100-482: The paper. A protracted dispute ensued that at one point seemed likely to close the paper. Mullin left in 1984, with circulation at around 6,000, a level it roughly remained for the next ten years. He was replaced by his equally Bennite protege Nigel Williamson , who surprised everyone by arguing for a realignment of the left and took the paper into the soft left camp, supporting Kinnock, a long-time Tribune contributor and onetime board member, as Labour leader against

3162-400: The post-1968 student revolt, who found the paper's reformism and commitment to Labour tame and old-fashioned. Circulation, around 20,000 in 1960, was said by 1980 to be around 10,000, but it was in fact much less. Clements resigned as editor in 1982 to become a political adviser to Foot (by now Labour leader), a role he continued under Foot's successor as Labour leader, Neil Kinnock . Clements

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3224-558: The protestors down below." On 14 January 2011, an event called "Remembering the New Cross Fire 30 Years On" was held at the Albany Theatre in Deptford . The event was hosted by Kwame Kwei-Armah and was an evening of spoken word, film, discussion and Lovers rock music. It featured contributions from Alex Pascall , Gus John , filmmaker Menelik Shabazz , novelist Courttia Newland and musicians Janet Kay and Carroll Thompson . Many of

3286-578: The publication include former leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn , and other members of the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs such as Lloyd Russell-Moyle . Issues have contained interviews with international socialist politicians such as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain Pablo Iglesias and former Bolivian President Evo Morales . In February 2021, in an interview on Novara Media , editor Ronan Burtenshaw announced that Tribune

3348-557: The purchase of Tribune in media reports, stating that he aimed to relaunch the magazine ahead of the Labour Party Conference in September. At the official re-launch in September 2018, Tribune was announced as a bimonthly magazine with a high-quality design, concentrating on longer-form political analysis and industrial issues coverage, thus differentiating Tribune from other UK leftist media outlets such as Novara Media and

3410-412: The readership. In late October 2011, the future of Tribune looked bleak once again when McGrath warned of possible closure because subscriptions and income had not risen as had been hoped. Unless a buyer could be found or a cooperative established, the last edition would have been published on 4 November. McGrath committed to paying off the magazine's debts. Another rescue plan saved the magazine at

3472-410: The theory that a fight had taken place. The inquest into the deaths of the 13 teenagers, began on 21 April 1981. The initial police suspicion was that the party had been firebombed , either as a revenge attack or in an attempt to stop the noise; there was also an alternative theory that a fight had broken out, from which the blaze emanated. The jury returned an open verdict . In 2002, a new action in

3534-698: The victims' families and the survivors attended the event. St. Andrew's Church in Brockley has a strong connection with the victims, as many of them attended the youth club there. In October 2002, Lewisham council installed a special stained-glass window at the church in their memory. On 16 January 2011, a memorial service was held there, with speakers including George Francis, chair of the New Cross Fire Parents' Committee, Lewisham Council leader Steve Bullock and Joan Ruddock , MP for Lewisham Deptford . The victims were also commemorated in January 2011 with

3596-437: Was a joint birthday celebration for Yvonne Ruddock (one of the victims of the fire) and Angela Jackson (who survived) and was held at No. 439, New Cross Road. It began on the evening of Saturday, 17 January 1981, and continued throughout the night and into the early hours of Sunday, 18 January. The victims of the fire were all young Black, Mixed Race, British people between the ages of 14 and 22. They were: Police also ruled out

3658-614: Was being sued in a libel case. Though he did not comment on the nature of the case, he commented: "It is not a case that has any substance, we are going to fight it and I think we are going to win it. I can't say anymore, I am legally restricted from saying any more about it, it's not related to the Labour Party before anybody goes on that tangent". The magazine has historically hosted panels and rallies- or fringe events- at Labour Party Conference . In 2021 they invited Labour Party MP and SCG member Andy McDonald and US politician and organiser Nina Turner . The Tribune Group of Labour MPs

3720-613: Was formed as a support group for the newspaper in 1964. During the 1960s and 1970s it was the main forum for the left in the Parliamentary Labour Party , but it split over Tony Benn 's bid for the deputy leadership of the party in 1981, with Benn's supporters forming the Campaign Group (later the Socialist Campaign Group ). During the 1980s the Tribune Group was the Labour soft left's political caucus, but its closeness to

3782-534: Was founded in early 1937 by two wealthy left-wing Labour Party Members of Parliament (MPs), Sir Stafford Cripps and George Strauss , to back the Unity Campaign , an attempt to secure an anti-fascist and anti-appeasement united front between the Labour Party and socialist parties to the left. The latter included Cripps's (Labour-affiliated) Socialist League , the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and

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3844-429: Was succeeded in the Tribune chair by Chris Mullin , who steered the paper into supporting Tony Benn (then just past the peak of his influence on the Labour left) and attempted to turn it into a friendly society in which readers were invited to buy shares, much to the consternation of the old Bevanite shareholders, most prominent among them John Silkin and Donald Bruce , who attempted unsuccessfully to take control of

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