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62-626: It rises in the northeast corner of Tillamook County , in the Tillamook State Forest . It initially flows northeast, across the northwest corner of Washington County and into western Columbia County , past Vernonia where it receives Rock Creek, it hooks to the northwest and west into Clatsop County , then flows southwest back into northern Tillamook County. It enters Nehalem Bay on the Pacific in an estuary at Nehalem , about 70 miles (110 km) west-northwest of Portland. Near its mouth on

124-586: A Native American tribe who were living in the area in the early 19th century at the time of European American settlement. The county is located within Northwest Oregon . The Tillamook were the southernmost branch of the Coast Salish. They were separated from their more northern kinsmen by tribes speaking the Chinookian languages. The name Tillamook is of Chinook origin (a trade pidgin, which had developed along

186-581: A battle correspondent aboard the cruiser USS  St. Louis in the Pacific Theater . While working on a story, an official of radio station KGW (owned by The Oregonian ) approached McCall about reading a public service announcement over the air. The station management was impressed by his unique voice and offered him a job as a news announcer. He worked at KGW radio until 1949, when he became administrative assistant to Oregon governor Douglas McKay. In 1952 McCall returned to KGW radio, where he served as

248-527: A child, he divided his time between Thomas Lawson's Massachusetts estate named Dreamwold and his father's ranch near Prineville, Oregon named Westernwold. This bicoastal upbringing caused him to develop an unusual accent that he characterized as being "a cross between Calvin Coolidge and a Texas Ranger "; his voice would become an asset, setting him apart during his later careers as a public speaker. Upon graduation from Redmond High School , McCall enrolled at

310-639: A convention in Portland later that summer; local antiwar groups were organizing a series of demonstrations at the same time under the name of the "People's Army Jamboree" and expected to draw up to 50,000 protesters. After attempts to convince the People's Army Jamboree to either not carry out their plans or to move the date, McCall was convinced by a group of hippies to hold the country's first state-sponsored rock festival at Milo McIver State Park near Estacada, Oregon . "Vortex I: A Biodegradable Festival of Life," as it

372-673: A documentary, Pollution in Paradise? , which brought public attention to air and water pollution in Oregon. McCall first entered politics as an administrative assistant to Governor Douglas McKay . He made an unsuccessful bid for Congress in 1954, losing in the general election to Edith Green . In 1964, he was elected as Oregon Secretary of State , and in 1966 he defeated Democrat Bob Straub to become governor. In office, McCall promoted environmentally friendly reforms and criticized overpopulation and excessive industrial development. During his tenure,

434-460: A household in the county was $ 34,269, and the median income for a family was $ 40,197. Males had a median income of $ 31,509 versus $ 21,555 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 19,052. About 8.1% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. Dairy farming is one of the county's largest agricultural occupations. The Tillamook Cheese Factory

496-490: A late-night newscaster. McCall made his first run for office in 1954, winning the Republican nomination for Oregon's third district seat over eight-term incumbent Homer D. Angell . Despite his later reputation as a progressive, McCall ran to Angell's right in the primary, portraying himself as a loyal supporter of Dwight D. Eisenhower 's pro-business policies. He lost the general election to Edith Green , who went on to hold

558-493: A major riot at the state penitentiary , and served as an international monitor for the 1967 South Vietnamese presidential election . During the summer of 1970, McCall was faced with a potential riot in Portland. In May of that year a week-long student protest at Portland State University over the Kent State shootings had been violently dispersed by police, and tensions were high. The conservative American Legion had scheduled

620-530: A month after the election. He died there at 69 on January 8, 1983. In 1968, Governor McCall created the Harbor Drive Task Force to come up with proposals to replace the riverfront highway with a public space. The 37-acre (150,000 m ) Waterfront Park was built in 1974, running along the Willamette River for the length of downtown Portland. McCall was honored after his death when the park

682-412: A newscaster and political commentator until 1955, when he jumped from radio to television and KGW to KPTV . McCall was a newscaster and commentator at KPTV, Oregon's first TV station, for about a year and a half. In November 1956 he followed colleague Ivan Smith out the door during a dispute with station management over placement of a sponsor's product on the news set. Just one month later, KGW-TV went on

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744-514: A repeated series of forest fires called the Tillamook Burn between 1933 and 1951. In 1948, a state ballot approved the sale of bonds to buy the burned-over areas and have the state rehabilitate the lands. The state lands were renamed the Tillamook State Forest by governor Tom McCall on July 18, 1973. By the end of the 20th century, the replanted growth was considered mature enough to be commercially harvested. The Tillamook airbase for blimps

806-489: A third-party bid for the office. Biographer Brent Walth doubts that McCall was ever serious about making the Third Force a third party or running for president, and believes that he was simply enjoying the spotlight and using it to promote his political ideas. Although his popularity was at its peak, Oregon's constitution prevented McCall from seeking a third consecutive term as governor in 1974. State Senator Vic Atiyeh won

868-515: A total area of 1,333 square miles (3,450 km ), of which 1,103 square miles (2,860 km ) is land and 230 square miles (600 km ) (17%) is water. At 3,706 feet (1,130 m) in elevation, Rogers Peak is the highest point in the county and the highest in the Northern Oregon Coast Range . The county has been called "a natural cow pasture" by Sunset Magazine". As of the 2020 census , there were 27,390 people residing in

930-521: Is at a crossroads [...] There is still a chance to choose between the polluted chaos of Southern California and cleanliness." McCall was elected governor in 1966, defeating the Democratic nominee, State Treasurer Robert W. Straub. During his first term, McCall lead a cleanup of pulp mill pollution in the Willamette, championed legislation that strengthened public ownership of Oregon's beaches , dealt with

992-638: Is presented annually by Pacific University . The Nature Conservancy named a nature preserve in Wasco County, Oregon after McCall. Oregon schools that have been named for him include: Tom McCall East Upper Elementary School in Forest Grove and Tom McCall Elementary School in Redmond. In 1998 McCall was inducted into the Hall of Achievement at University of Oregon 's School of Journalism. On October 10, 2006,

1054-658: Is rapidly maturing, and there is local expectation that it will assist in the recovery of the local timber industry. Three lumber mills currently operate in Tillamook County—one at Garibaldi, one in Tillamook, and one south of Tillamook at the former Naval Air Station. The county's scenic coastline, which includes four bays, nine rivers and the Pacific Ocean, helps draw visitors to the county for outdoor recreation, agritourism, and cultural experiences. U.S. Route 101 , travels

1116-473: Is the county's largest business and the largest private employer. Tillamook dairy products are available throughout the Western United States and the rest of the country. The state of Oregon owns 44% of the land inside the county boundaries, mostly as part of the Tillamook State Forest . The State Forest was created as a result of the 355,000-acre (144,000 ha) Tillamook Burn . The reforested burn

1178-460: Is the fuel of the activist. This activist loves Oregon more than he loves life. I know I can't have both very long. The trade-offs are all right with me. But if the legacy we helped give Oregon and which made it twinkle from afar—if it goes, then I guess I wouldn't want to live in Oregon anyhow." Measure 6 ultimately failed to pass. McCall was admitted to Good Samaritan Hospital in Portland just over

1240-477: Is the location of the fictional town of Arcadia Bay in the 2015 video game Life is Strange and its 2017 prequel Before the Storm . 45°28′N 123°42′W  /  45.46°N 123.70°W  / 45.46; -123.70 Tom McCall Thomas Lawson McCall (March 22, 1913 – January 8, 1983) was an American statesman , politician and journalist in the state of Oregon , serving as

1302-748: The News-Review, and following a merger, the Daily Idahonian . After five years in Moscow, he was encouraged to leave in March 1942; upheaval in the UI athletic department the previous year (firing of football head coach Ted Bank (also athletic director ) and basketball head coach Forrest Twogood ) brought continuing negative criticism by McCall and his boss thought that he should advance his career elsewhere. He traveled back to Oregon to look for work in Portland , where

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1364-661: The Oregon Land Conservation and Development Act of 1973 , which required comprehensive zoning and land-use planning for the entire state and created urban growth boundaries around each Oregon city. In July 1971, McCall went on a fishing trip on a portion of the Snake River that acts as border between Idaho and Oregon. At the time, under the Oregon Constitution, the Senate President became acting governor when

1426-657: The University of Oregon in Eugene. Due to his family's growing financial problems he was forced to sit out long periods and took five years to earn his degree in journalism. After graduating in 1936, McCall worked as a summer replacement at the Bend Bulletin . He then moved northeast to the Palouse of north central Idaho in February 1937, to the university town of Moscow. He wrote for

1488-730: The Pacific, the river passes under U.S. Route 101 . It receives the Salmonberry River from the east in northern Tillamook County. It also receives the North Fork Nehalem River 25 miles (40 km) from the north about 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Nehalem, just before entering Nehalem Bay. In 2007, a major storm caused the Salmonberry Bridge (located at 45°45′00″N 123°39′10″W  /  45.7499°N 123.6528°W  / 45.7499; -123.6528  ( Salmonberry Bridge ) ) to collapse. The bridge

1550-471: The Republican nomination, but lost the general election to Straub, who McCall had endorsed in the election. McCall returned to journalism, writing a newspaper column and serving as commentator for Portland television station KATU . He sought to return to the governorship in 1978, but Atiyeh defeated McCall in the primary and went on to beat Straub in a rematch of their 1974 race. McCall's prostate cancer eventually returned. He devoted his last years to defending

1612-492: The air, with McCall and Smith as part of a durable news team that stayed together for seven years, until McCall's 1964 departure to run for Secretary of State. In November 1962, McCall produced and hosted an ambitious KGW-TV documentary which graphically portrayed the poor condition of the Willamette River and air quality throughout Oregon. The award-winning documentary Pollution in Paradise helped focus public attention on

1674-597: The antiwar groups and the Legion was avoided, and McCall was re-elected in November with 56% of the vote, again defeating Bob Straub. McCall became nationally known in January 1971 for a comment he made in an interview with CBS News's Terry Drinkwater : Come visit us again and again. This is a state of excitement. But for heaven's sake, don't come here to live. He was responding to the rapid population growth and suburban sprawl that

1736-506: The census of 2000, there were 24,262 people, 10,200 households and 6,793 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile (8.5 people/km ). There were 15,906 housing units at an average density of 14 units per square mile (5.4/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 93.86% White , 0.22% Black or African American , 1.19% Native American , 0.65% Asian , 0.21% Pacific Islander , 1.89% from other races , and 1.98% from two or more races. 5.13% of

1798-513: The cessation of all business display lighting. The governor and his aides were not certain whether the latter was legal, but Oregonians generally complied, and McCall later reflected that he had tapped into his constituents' mood: "People wouldn’t believe there was a crisis with the Golden Arches blazing away [...] People are fed up with garishness. They feel assaulted by blinking, flashing, rotating, ostentatious waste." In early 1974, Oregon became

1860-443: The country promoting the "Oregon Story" as an example for other states to follow, and publicly mulled a third party run for president. In his later career, he focused on preventing the repeal of the land-use laws he'd sponsored and mounted an unsuccessful comeback campaign for governor in 1978 . During Oregon's economic downturn in the early 1980s, McCall was criticized by those who considered his environmental legacy detrimental to

1922-537: The county paid $ 15,000 for 27 warning sirens and an emergency radio system. In 2012, county leaders voted to deactivate most of the sirens, in favor of more modern methods. With effort from local residents, the communities of Garibaldi and Rockaway Beach retained their sirens, which will be activated locally. In its early history, Tillamook was a powerfully Republican county. It voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election from Oregon statehood until 1928, even supporting William Howard Taft in 1912, when

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1984-551: The county. As of the census of 2010, there were 25,250 people, 10,834 households and 6,930 families residing in the county. The population density was 22.9 inhabitants per square mile (8.8/km ). There were 18,359 housing units at an average density of 16.7 units per square mile (6.4 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 91.5% white, 1.0% American Indian, 0.9% Asian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 3.6% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 9.0% of

2046-456: The economy was booming due to World War II . McCall was told by the military that he was not eligible for enlistment (due to bad knees and a recurring hernia) and journalists, still primarily men, were in short supply. He was quickly offered a job at The Oregonian at nearly triple his wages in Idaho. McCall later put his career on hold for military service in the U.S. Navy , where he served as

2108-480: The economy. Oysters are farmed in the bay and keep the bay fairly clean. Sport fishing makes up most of the rest. With nine rivers, salmon is the biggest with nearly recovered runs as salmon had to be given away to the food bank. Tillamook County is the first in the continental United States to be declared ready for a tsunami . This designation was given by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration after

2170-495: The first state in America to implement an odd–even gasoline rationing program to control demand amidst shortages. As the oil shock began to affect the rest of the country, Oregon's conservation methods seemed prescient, and the state's leaders were applauded by national media. Taking advantage of the attention, McCall launched a national tour to promote the reforms he'd overseen as an inspiration for other states to follow, referring to

2232-452: The governor was out of state. Whenever McCall's group camped for the night on the Idaho side, Oregon Senate President John Burns, a Democrat, became acting governor. Partisan executive control of the state changed eight times during the trip. The incident led to voters approving a 1972 ballot measure restoring the line of succession that existed prior to 1920, with the Secretary of State assuming

2294-460: The land-use laws he'd sponsored, which had been under attack from critics since their enaction. In 1982, opponents of land-use planning successfully placed Measure 6, which would have repealed the 1973 law, on the ballot. During his campaign against Measure 6 McCall said, "You all know I have terminal cancer—and I have a lot of it. But what you may not know is that stress induces its spread and induces its activity. Stress may even bring it on. Yet stress

2356-552: The last Democrat to win it in 2014 . In 2019, Tillamook County passed a Second Amendment Sanctuary Ordinance to counter the more liberal gun laws of Oregon at-large, stating that any laws which restrict the right to own firearms "shall not be enforced by Tillamook County agents." Tillamook County served as the setting for the fictional town of Elk Cove in the 1987 comedy film Overboard starring Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell . Todd Snider released Tillamook County Jail on his 2004 album East Nashville Skyline. Tillamook County

2418-513: The length of the Oregon Coast, and brings many travelers through the county by car, recreational vehicle and bike. The coast also provides locations for vacation homes for inhabitants of nearby Portland and the Willamette Valley . According to the 2015 Dean Runyan Travel Impacts study, tourism brings $ 229.4 million in visitor spending to Tillamook County. Fishing is a very important part of

2480-533: The lower Columbia.) According to Frank Boas, "It [Tillamook] means the people of Nekelim. The latter name means the place of Elim, or in the Cathlamet dialect, the place of Kelim. The initial t of Tillamook is the plural article, the terminal ook the Chinook plural ending —uks." Since there was one village in the area of Nehalem bay; the area was referred to as Nekelim (Ne Elim=singular). There were at least four villages on

2542-616: The office when the governor left the state, died, or resigned. During the summer of 1973, Oregon began to suffer from energy shortages, several months before the rest of the United States was affected by the OPEC oil embargo . The state's power grid was heavily reliant on hydroelectricity and an unusually dry winter had left reservoir levels critically low. McCall's administration took action to encourage energy conservation by lowering speed limits, reducing government energy consumption, and ordering

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2604-458: The package as the "Oregon Story." He characterized himself as representing a "Third Force" of political independents opposed to the establishment - a popular position during the unfolding Watergate scandal . McCall was talked up in the media as a potential candidate for president, and later recalled that leading political figures such as Clare Boothe Luce and Eugene McCarthy had encouraged him to mount

2666-523: The party was divided. Since Franklin Roosevelt became the first Democrat to carry the county in 1932, Tillamook has been a bellwether county in most Presidential elections, although it did vote for losing Democrats in 1968, 1980 and 1988. Tillamook County has remained quite competitive over the last half century. Since 1968, no candidate has received over 55 percent of the vote, with the highest being Michael Dukakis in 1988. From 1992 until 2016 it voted for

2728-464: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.1% were of German , 13.3% English , 10.7% American and 8.6% Irish ancestry. There were 10,200 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who

2790-417: The population. In terms of ancestry, 26.9% were German , 17.2% were English, 12.1% were Irish, and 5.2% were American . Of the 10,834 households, 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.0% were non-families, and 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size

2852-459: The problem. KGW repeated the program in January 1963 on the eve of the opening of the legislative session, and the 1963 Legislature was spurred to some of Oregon's early attempts at combating pollution. McCall also hosted a show on KGW called Viewpoint , which dealt with political issues of the day. He appears briefly (on a TV set) in the 1975 film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in a cameo role as

2914-524: The seat for the next ten terms. In 1958, when Mark Hatfield was elected governor of Oregon, he vacated the position of Secretary of State. McCall later said he thought Hatfield had promised to appoint him to the unexpired portion of the term, but the job went to Hatfield associate Howell Appling instead. When Appling chose not to run for re-election in 1964, McCall sought and won the office. In this position, he began to focus on fighting pollution and reining in unchecked economic growth, claiming that "Oregon

2976-531: The sky from most of Tillamook County. Development along U.S. Route 101 to the north of Tillamook during the last part of the 20th century has blocked part of the flood plain of the Wilson River , contributing to repeated winter flooding in the city. Until the late 1950s there was a dredge used by the city to keep the slough's deeper. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has

3038-477: The south Tillamook bay according to Lewis and Clark; the south bay was called "T-Elim-ook" (the plural of Elim), meaning many villages of Elim. The Chinook word for water was "chuck" and the Salish word for wetland is "naslex". The popular translation of Tillamook as meaning "land of many waters" seems to be 20th-century fabrication used in the tourist industry. Tillamook County, the 12th county in Oregon to be organized,

3100-476: The state enacted major shoreline conservation , container deposit , and land-use planning legislation. McCall also became known for his colorful rhetoric and for creative problem-solving, notably sponsoring the Vortex I music festival and implementing the country's first odd–even gasoline rationing program during the 1973 oil crisis . After his response to the oil crisis gained him national recognition, he toured

3162-462: The state was then experiencing, which was bringing with it strains on utilities and the rapid loss of arable land in the Willamette Valley . McCall's second-term agenda was focused on ameliorating these issues and protecting Oregonians' quality of life from overdevelopment. Elements of this agenda included the Oregon Bottle Bill , a pioneering container-deposit law intended to reduce litter; and

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3224-462: The state's economy. His reputation has subsequently recovered, and he is considered one of the most transformative figures in recent Oregon history. Tom McCall Waterfront Park in Portland is one of several places and institutions named in his honor. Born in Scituate, Massachusetts , McCall was the grandson of copper-king Thomas Lawson and Massachusetts governor and congressman Samuel W. McCall . As

3286-562: The state's thirtieth governor from 1967 to 1975. A progressive Republican , he was known as a staunch environmentalist and an advocate of sustainable development . Raised in Massachusetts and in central Oregon , McCall attended the University of Oregon and went on to work as a journalist in Moscow, Idaho and in Portland . He started out as a newspaper reporter and moved on to radio and television broadcasting. While at KGW -TV, he produced

3348-460: The winning presidential candidate; that streak ended in 2020 with its vote for Donald Trump (however, Trump won the county with a reduced margin from 2016). Trump would carry Tillamook County again in 2024 . Tillamook County is also a relatively swingy county at the local level, generally following its federal trends of voting predominantly Democratic, with some exceptions. In recent years, it has swung back to Republicans, with John Kitzhaber being

3410-466: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age was 47.5 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 39,412 and the median income for a family was $ 50,779. Males had a median income of $ 39,019 versus $ 32,688 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 22,824. About 12.8% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over. As of

3472-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.82. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 28% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males. The median income for

3534-408: Was a Cold War air defense installation from 1956 to 1980. Located south of Tillamook, at the top of 3,154-foot (961 m) high Mount Hebo , Air Force radars operated by the 689th Radar Squadron and the 14th Missile Warning Squadron were essential parts of the nation's integrated air defenses. The large radomes protecting the radars from adverse weather effects could be seen silhouetted against

3596-593: Was called, was inspired by the Woodstock Festival held the previous year, and was intended to draw radical youth out of Portland and reduce the potential for confrontation with the Legionnaires. "I think I just committed political suicide," McCall is reported to have remarked immediately after approving the event. However, the festival, nicknamed "The Governor's Pot Party", was a success, attracting between 50,000 and 100,000 people. The feared violent clash between

3658-464: Was commissioned on December 1, 1942, as U.S. Naval Air Station Tillamook . The two wooden hangars used to house these airships were decommissioned after World War II and deeded to Tillamook County. One of the hangars (Hangar B) is a national historic landmark and the location of the Tillamook Air Museum . The other hangar, (Hangar A) burned down in 1992. The U.S. Mount Hebo Air Force Station

3720-522: Was established on December 15, 1853, when the Territorial Legislature approved an act to create the new county out of an area previously included in Clatsop , Yamhill and Polk counties. Boundary changes were enacted with Clatsop County (1855, 1870, and 1893), Lincoln County in 1893, Washington County (1893, 1898), and Yamhill County (1887). The Coast Range behind Tillamook was the scene of

3782-418: Was rebuilt and opened to traffic on May 14, 2012. Nehalem is also used as the codename for Intel 's first-generation line of Core processors. Tillamook County, Oregon Tillamook County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon . As of the 2020 census , the population was 27,390. The county seat is Tillamook . The county is named for the Tillamook or Killamook people,

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3844-523: Was renamed Tom McCall Waterfront Park in 1984. McCall was a leading figure in passing the Oregon Beach Bill to declare Oregon shores public land in 1967. In 1969, McCall played a major role in the founding of SOLV , an environmental non-profit organization whose goal is to "build community through volunteer action to preserve this treasure called Oregon." The Tom McCall Forum, which pairs prominent speakers with opposing political viewpoints,

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