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44-564: The Odenwald Limes begins in the north on the River Main, either near Obernburg or near Wörth , and runs southwards from there, skilfully using the topographical features of the Odenwald highlands, to the River Neckar, which it probably reached in the area of the present-day county of Heilbronn . The Neckar line forms its extension in a southerly direction as far as Arae Flaviae in the terrain of

88-438: A motto . A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the armiger (e.g. an individual person , family , state, organization , school or corporation ). The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since

132-586: A national flag and a national coat of arms, and the two may not look alike at all. For example, the flag of Scotland (St Andrew's Cross) has a white saltire on a blue field , but the royal arms of Scotland has a red lion within a double tressure on a gold (or) field. Among the states ruled by communist regimes, emblems resembling those of the Soviet states were adopted in all the Warsaw Pact states except Czechoslovakia and Poland . Since 1986–1989, some of

176-557: A department of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt ) to the Kingdom of Bavaria . The town became the seat of an Amtsgericht . In 1872, the railway line Aschaffenburg to Miltenberg was opened, with a stop at Obernburg. The first local bridge across the Main was built in 1892. In 1915-7 the Main was channeled and the weir with lock and a hydroelectric plant was constructed. Until 1 July 1972, Obernburg

220-488: A family or municipal body. Assumed arms (arms invented and used by the holder rather than granted by an authority) are considered valid unless they can be proved in court to copy that of an earlier holder. In the heraldic traditions of England and Scotland , an individual, rather than a family, had a coat of arms. In those traditions coats of arms are legal property transmitted from father to son; wives and daughters could also bear arms modified to indicate their relation to

264-454: A glory and clouds, displayed with no helm, torse, or mantling (unlike most European precedents at the time). Many of the American states have adopted their own coats of arms , which usually designed as part of the respective state's seal . Vermont has both a state seal and a state coat of arms that are independent of one another (though both contain a pine tree, a cow and sheaves of grain);

308-654: A population of around 8,500. Obernburg lies at the mouth of the river Mümling , where it empties into the Main , at the foot of the Odenwald (range). Between 83 and 85, the Romans constructed the Obernburg castrum , named Nemaninga , to guard the Limes Germanicus which followed the Main river here. It was originally built from wood but in the middle of the 2nd century AD replaced by

352-491: A stone fort. The castrum was the garrison of the Cohors IIII Aquitanorum equitata . The stone fort, with an area of 2.9 ha and a nearly rectangular ground plan of roughly 185/188 × 160 m was oriented to the river Main. Obernburg's old town still somewhat corresponds to the castrum's footprint, with some of the thoroughfares corresponding to Roman streets, such as today's Römerstrasse which follows

396-746: Is above all known for its team handball department in the Men's Second Handball Bundesliga . The Obernburg District Court ( Amtsgericht Obernburg ) is the court with jurisdiction over the Miltenberg district. In Obernburg there are a branch office of the Miltenberg district office ( Landratsamt ), the Obernburg Financial Office responsible for the district and a branch office of the Aschaffenburg Employment Office. Schools of general education ( Allgemeinbildende Schulen ) in Obernburg are

440-505: Is the firm Reis Robotics . On the other side of the Main lies another industrial area called the Industrie Center Obernburg (ICO). There, in line with tradition, various kinds of chemical fibres are produced. Moreover, the industrial park is home to many other, smaller businesses in various fields. Although the industrial park bears the name "Obernburg", and this is also the postal address, it actually lies exclusively within

484-569: The Consulta Araldica , the college of arms of the Kingdom of Italy , was abolished in 1948, personal coats of arms and titles of nobility, though not outlawed, are not recognised. Coats of arms in Spain were generally left up to the owner themselves, but the design was based on military service and the heritage of their grandparents. In France , the coat of arms is based on the Fleur-de-lys and

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528-701: The Count of Ortenburg in a feud. On 25 March 1313, Obernburg was raised to town by Archbishop of Mainz Peter of Aspelt . The confirmation of town rights by Louis the Bavarian came on 27 July 1317 in a document issued in Aschaffenburg . Until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803, Obernburg belonged to Electoral Mainz . Thereafter it belonged to the newly formed Principality of Aschaffenburg , with which it passed in 1814 (by this time it had become

572-446: The Dr.-Albert-Liebmann-Schule . Obernburg is twinned with: Coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield ), surcoat , or tabard (the last two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement , which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters , a crest , and

616-977: The Genealogical Office through the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland . Heraldry in Northern Ireland is regulated by the British Government by the College of Arms through the Norroy and Ulster King of Arms . The heraldic tradition and style of modern and historic Germany and the Holy Roman Empire – including national and civic arms, noble and burgher arms , ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays, and heraldic descriptions – stand in contrast to Gallo-British, Latin and Eastern heraldry, and strongly influenced

660-823: The Johannes-Obernburger-Volksschule ( primary school and Hauptschule ), the Eisenbach primary school and the Main-Limes- Realschule . Vocational training schools are the Staatliche Berufsschule Miltenberg-Obernburg , the Berufsfachschule für Kaufmännische Assistenten (for sales assistants) and the Staatliche Fachoberschule und Berufsoberschule Obernburg . Furthermore, there are a municipal music school and

704-577: The Rule of Tinctures used in English heraldry as well. The monarch of Canada's prerogative to grant armorial bearings has been delegated to the Governor General of Canada . Canada has its own Chief Herald and Herald Chancellor . The Canadian Heraldic Authority , the governmental agency which is responsible for creating arms and promoting Canadian heraldry, is situated at Rideau Hall . The Great Seal of

748-610: The early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a noble family , and therefore its genealogy across time . Heraldic designs came into general use among European nobility in the 12th century. Systematic, heritable heraldry had developed by the beginning of the 13th century. Exactly who had a right to use arms, by law or social convention , varied to some degree between countries. Early heraldic designs were personal, used by individual noblemen (who might also alter their chosen design over time). Arms become hereditary by

792-562: The leopard in the arms of Benin , Malawi , Somalia , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and, in the form of the black panther, of Gabon . In Kenya , the Swahili word Harambee (lit. "Let us come together") is used as a motto in the country's coat of arms. In Botswana and Lesotho , meanwhile, the word Pula (lit. "Rain") is used in like fashion. In the coat of arms of Eswatini ,

836-610: The star and crescent symbol taken from the Ottoman flag . Other commonly seen symbols are birds, chiefly the Eagle of Saladin , and the Hawk of Quraish . These symbols can be found on the coat of arms of Egypt , and Syria , amongst others. Sub-Saharan African flags and emblems after decolonisation often chose emblems based on regional traditions or wildlife. Symbols of a ritual significance according to local custom were generally favoured, such as

880-574: The surcoat with heraldic designs worn by combatants, especially in the knightly tournament , in Old French cote a armer . The sense is transferred to the heraldic design itself in Middle English, in the mid-14th century. Despite no common, enforceable widespread regulation, heraldry has remained consistent across Europe, where tradition alone has governed the design and use of arms. Some nations, such as England and Scotland , still maintain

924-573: The British and Western European systems. Much of the terminology and classifications are taken from it. However, with the fall of the French monarchy (and later Empire) there is not currently a Fons Honorum (power to dispense and control honors) to strictly enforce heraldic law. The French Republics that followed have either merely affirmed pre-existing titles and honors or vigorously opposed noble privilege. Coats of arms are considered an intellectual property of

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968-529: The Church. The latter typically allude to their ideal of life, or to specific pontifical programmes. A well-known and widely displayed example in recent times was Pope John Paul II 's arms. His selection of a large letter M (for the Virgin Mary ) was intended to express the message of his strong Marian devotion . Roman Catholic dioceses are also each assigned a coat of arms, as are basilicas or papal churches,

1012-522: The United States uses on the obverse as its central motif a heraldic achievement described as being the arms of the nation. The seal, and the armorial bearings, were adopted by the Continental Congress on 20 June 1782, and is a shield divided palewise into thirteen pieces, with a blue chief, which is displayed upon the breast of an American bald eagle. The crest is thirteen stars breaking through

1056-1042: The communities of Erlenbach am Main and Elsenfeld . Obernburg retains a significant part of its town fortifications, particularly the Upper Gate ( Oberes Tor ), the Alms Tower ( Almosenturm ) and the Round Tower ( Runder Turm ). Other historic buildings include the town hall, the Annakapelle (chapel) and the Baroque church in Eisenbach. Since 1990, Obernburg has been located on the Fränkischer Rotwein Wanderweg ("Franconian Red Wine Hiking Trail"). European walking route E8 runs through Obernburg, linking County Kerry in Ireland to Istanbul in Turkey. The sport club TUSPO Obernburg

1100-642: The construction of the almost perfectly straight Anterior Limes ( Vorderer Limes ) in the years between 159/161 and 165. doi:10.11588/fbbw.1983.0.26572 . Obernburg Obernburg am Main (officially Obernburg a.Main , short version: Obernburg, German: [ˈoːbɐnˌbʊʁk] ; South Franconian : Omborsch ) is a town in the Miltenberg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia ( Unterfranken ) in Bavaria , Germany . It has

1144-565: The course of the fort's via principalis . A beneficiarii station has been shown to have existed on the Limes road south of the castrum, from which numerous dedication stones have been secured. In the Alamannic invasion of 259 and 260, the castrum fell, but was resettled later on. In the 4th and 5th centuries the Franks settled the area. In 1204, Wolfger von Erla built a castle in defiance of

1188-632: The current holder of the arms. Undifferenced arms are used only by one person at any given time. Other descendants of the original bearer could bear the ancestral arms only with some difference : usually a colour change or the addition of a distinguishing charge . One such charge is the label , which in British usage (outside the Royal Family ) is now always the mark of an heir apparent or (in Scotland) an heir presumptive . Because of their importance in identification, particularly in seals on legal documents,

1232-695: The end of the 12th century, in England by King Richard I during the Third Crusade (1189–1192). Burgher arms were used in Northern Italy in the second half of the 14th century, and in the Holy Roman Empire by the mid 14th century. In the late medieval period, use of arms spread to the clergy, to towns as civic identifiers, and to royally chartered organizations such as universities and trading companies. The arts of vexillology and heraldry are closely related. The term coat of arms itself in origin refers to

1276-583: The ex- Communist states , such as Russia , have reused their original pre-communist heraldry, often with only the symbols of monarchy removed. Other countries such as Belarus have retained their communist coats of arms or at least kept some of the old heraldry. With the independence of the modern nation states of the Arab World from the First World War onwards, European traditions of heraldry were partially adopted for state emblems. These emblems often involve

1320-556: The few it did grant were annulled by the other Kings of Arms because they encroached upon their jurisdictions. Its purpose was supposedly to marshal an expedition to fully conquer Ireland that never materialized. Since 1 April 1943 the authority has been split between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . Heraldry in the Republic of Ireland is regulated by the Government of Ireland , by

1364-571: The good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". It was further declared that no patents of arms or any ensigns of nobility should be granted and no augmentation, alteration, or addition should be made to arms without the consent of the Earl Marshal. In Ireland

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1408-483: The latter usually displaying these on the building. These may be used in countries which otherwise do not use heraldic devices. In countries like Scotland with a strong statutory heraldic authority, arms will need to be officially granted and recorded. Flags are used to identify ships (where they are called ensigns ), embassies and such, and they use the same colors and designs found in heraldry, but they are not usually considered to be heraldic. A country may have both

1452-406: The municipal council. At a national level, "coats of arms" were generally retained by European states with constitutional continuity of more than a few centuries, including constitutional monarchies like Denmark as well as old republics like San Marino and Switzerland . In Italy the use of coats of arms was only loosely regulated by the states existing before the unification of 1861. Since

1496-476: The present day, coats of arms are still in use by a variety of institutions and individuals: for example, many European cities and universities have guidelines on how their coats of arms may be used, and protect their use as trademarks as any other unique identifier might be. Many societies exist that also aid in the design and registration of personal arms. Heraldry has been compared to modern corporate logos . The French system of heraldry greatly influenced

1540-580: The present town of Rottweil , where it oriented itself to the course of the river. The Neckar-Odenwald Limes probably emerged in the area of the Odenwald Limes during the Trajanic period and, in the area of the Neckar line, in the principate of Domitian or early Trajanic period, and, in the area of the old Neckar camps, under Vespasian . It went through several rebuilding phases and did not become obsolete until

1584-428: The same heraldic authorities which have traditionally granted and regulated arms for centuries and continue to do so in the present day. In England, for example, the granting of arms is and has been controlled by the College of Arms . Unlike seals and other general emblems , heraldic "achievements" have a formal description called a blazon , which uses vocabulary that allows for consistency in heraldic depictions. In

1628-449: The seal is used to authenticate documents, whilst the heraldic device represents the state itself. The Vatican City State and the Holy See each have their own coat of arms . As the papacy is not hereditary, its occupants display their personal arms combined with those of their office. Some popes came from armigerous (noble) families; others adopted coats of arms during their career in

1672-511: The second, in sinister a demi-tree of the second. The town once bore different arms showing the Wheel of Mainz , but this charge was dropped when the town became part of Bavaria in 1814. The new arms were introduced on the Mayor's Medal in 1819. It has appeared in all official seals ever since. Obernburg's industrial area lies near the outlying centre of Eisenbach in the town's south. The largest company

1716-500: The styles and customs of heraldry in the Nordic countries , which developed comparatively late. In the Nordic countries , provinces, regions, cities, and municipalities have coats of arms. These are posted at the borders and on buildings containing official offices, as well as used in official documents and on the uniforms of municipal officers. Arms may also be used on souvenirs or other effects, given that an application has been granted by

1760-568: The usage and granting of coats of arms was strictly regulated by the Ulster King of Arms from the office's creation in 1552. After Irish independence in 1922 the office was still functioning and working out of Dublin Castle . The last Ulster King of Arms was Sir Nevile Rodwell Wilkinson [Ulster King of Arms 1908–1940], who held it until his death in 1940. At the Irish government's request, no new King of Arms

1804-591: The use of arms is a matter of civil law and regulated by the College of Arms and the High Court of Chivalry . In reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms in England, Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey , Lord Privy Seal , declared on 16 June 1673 that the powers of the Earl Marshal were "to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms, ensigns of nobility, honour, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances, and statutes for

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1848-486: The use of arms was strictly regulated; few countries continue in this today. This has been carried out by heralds and the study of coats of arms is therefore called "heraldry". In time, the use of arms spread from military entities to educational institutes, and other establishments. In Scotland, the Lord Lyon King of Arms has criminal jurisdiction to control the use of arms. In England, Northern Ireland and Wales

1892-527: Was appointed. Thomas Ulick Sadleir , the Deputy Ulster King of Arms, then became the Acting Ulster King of Arms. He served until the office was merged with that of Norroy King of Arms in 1943 and stayed on until 1944 to clear up the backlog. An earlier Ireland King of Arms was created by King Richard II in 1392 and discontinued by King Henry VII in 1487. It did not grant many coats of arms –

1936-404: Was the seat of a like-named district. This was abolished in the course of municipal reform. On 1 May 1978, the neighbouring municipality of Eisenbach was amalgamated with Obernburg. The council is made up of 20 council members, with seats apportioned thus: The town's arms might be described thus: Argent on a mount vert a buck attired statant gules, in his mouth a bunch of grapes Or stalked of

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