70-498: Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin KCIE ( Bengali : খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন ; Urdu : خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین ; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964) was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the second governor-general of Pakistan from 1948 to 1951, and later as the second prime minister of Pakistan from 1951 to 1953. Born into an aristocratic Nawab family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated at
140-508: A Tortoise Media investigation alleged that William O’Reilly, the Acting Senior Tutor, had seriously mishandled a disciplinary process of a student he had a "close relationship" with, who was the subject of multiple allegations of sexual assault. Tortoise reported that O’Reilly himself had given witness testimony on behalf of the student at the disciplinary hearings into the assaults. Moreover, during this disciplinary process O'Reilly
210-594: A Barrister-at-Law in England. He was knighted in 1934. In 1947–49, Nazimuddin was granted the degree of Doctor of Laws by the vice-chancellor of Dhaka University , Dr. Mahmud Hasan . Nazimuddin returned to India to join his brother Khwaja Shahbuddin from England, taking interest in civil and public affairs that led him to join the Bengali politics . Both brother joined the Muslim League , and Nazimuddin successfully ran for
280-692: A Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1926, and was knighted in the 1934 King's Birthday Honours by the King-Emperor , George V , when he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE). In 1958, he was awarded the highest civilian award titled Nishan-e-Pakistan . Later by the Government of Pakistan , Nazimuddin has been honoured from time to time after his death. In Karachi ,
350-428: A Hall. The new foundation's name may have been a punishment for the college's master, Stephen Gardiner , who had opposed the king's remarriage and had endured much of the college's land being removed. It is incorrect to call it Trinity Hall College, although Trinity Hall college (lower case) is, strictly speaking, accurate. A similar situation had existed once before when Henry VI founded King's College (in 1441) despite
420-455: A connection which remains to this day. In 2019 and 2020, the College experienced unwelcome publicity after the reporting of allegations of sexual misconduct scandals involving Dr William O’Reilly, the former Acting Senior Tutor, and Dr Peter Hutchinson, a former fellow. In 2015, 10 students submitted formal complaints of verbal sexual harassment by Dr Peter Hutchinson, a college fellow. Hutchinson
490-408: A cross; the Order of the Indian Empire does not, in deference to India's non-Christian tradition. Members of all classes of the order were assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of members of all classes also featured on the order of precedence, as did sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of knights grand commander and knights commander. (See order of precedence in England and Wales for
560-504: A crucial political role for the cause for the separate Muslim homeland, Pakistan . His premiership lasted until 1945, when his ministry's appropriation for agriculture was defeated in the assembly by 106 to 97 votes. The next day, 29 March, Speaker of the Assembly Syed Nausher Ali , an Indian nationalist Muslim and a prominent member of Congress Party , ruled that the vote was effectively one of no confidence . On 31 March,
630-587: A demonstration in the Bengali Language movement demanding equal and official status to the Bengali language turned bloody, with many fatalities caused by police firings . This demonstration was held when he declared Urdu the National Language of Pakistan, following the previous statement of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that Urdu shall be 'one and only' language of Pakistan. In 1953, a violent religious movement led by far-right Jamaat-e-Islami began to agitate for
700-535: A depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights commander and companions were permitted to display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet. The first two kings of Bhutan were presented with the KCIE: Other appointees include: Sir Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer (1 June 1845 – 13 September 1901), who served as
770-561: A formal agreement as to what events Hutchinson could attend was approved by the Governing Body. He remained an Emeritus Fellow of the College. This resulted in further protest from students and alumni as well as more widespread coverage. The Guardian called it "a gross betrayal to (sic) the students" and "a dangerous environment for women students to study". It was reported in November 2019 that Hutchinson had resigned. In February 2020,
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#1732858592969840-539: A framework was begun for a constitution that would allow Pakistan to become a republic within the Commonwealth , and end its British Dominion status under the Crown . Nazimuddin's administration took place during a poor economy and the rise of provincial nationalism in four provinces and East Bengal which made him unable to run the country's affairs effectively. In 1951, Prime Minister Nazimuddin's government conducted
910-457: A further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three – Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion. Seven knights grand commander were created, namely: Also from 1897, 3 honorary knights commander were made. Including Léon Émile Clément-Thomas (1897), Col. Sir Eduardo Augusto Rodriques Galhardo (Jan 1901) and Sir Hussien Kuli Khan, Mokhber-ed-Dowlet (June 1902). Emperor Gojong of Korea
980-557: A precedent of neutrality and non-interference in the government, and provided his political support to Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan's government, which was seen as essential to the working of the responsible government at that time. In 1949, Governor-General Nazimuddin established the parliamentary committee, the Basic Principles Committee , on the advice of Prime Minister Ali Khan to underlying basic principles that would lay foundation of Constitution of Pakistan . After
1050-481: A response document that that indicated the actions it had taken to make improvements to the structures and culture of the institution. In June 2023, allegations of plagiarism by O'Reilly publicly emerged, having been first reported to the university in 2021. Documents shown to the Financial Times showed how nearly half of O'Reilly's published article ' Fredrick Jackson Turner ’s Frontier Thesis, Orientalism , and
1120-640: A thesis written by Joya Chatterji, Nazimuddin was described for unquestionable loyalty to the British administration in India : Short statured with a bulging pear-like figure, he was known for his insatiable appetite and his unfailing submission to the ... Britishers ... Dressed in British-styled Sherwani and breechers-like Churidar pajamas with a Fez cap and wearing little shoes, he carried a... cane of knob and represented an age and tradition. By 1934,
1190-545: A younger brother, Khwaja Shahabuddin , who would later play a vital role in Pakistani politics. They were the first cousin of Nawab Khwaja Habibullah son of Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur who helped laid foundation of Muslim League in 1906. He grew up speaking Urdu. He was educated at the Dunstable Grammar School in England, but returned to British India following his matriculation where he enrolled to attend
1260-757: Is Imperatricis auspiciis , ( Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India . The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire ; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India . The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and native officials who served in British India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but expanded to comprise two classes in 1887. The British authorities intended
1330-465: Is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan . With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra , the order became dormant in 2010. The motto of the Order
1400-683: Is located in Front Court, while the Junior Combination Room is adjacent to the college bar in North Court. Both the MCR and JCR have highly active committees and organize popular socials for their members across the term. Trinity Hall's oldest and largest society, the Boat Club was founded in 1827, and has had a long and distinguished history; notably from 1890 until 1898, when the college stayed Head of
1470-591: The Aligarh Muslim University before pursuing his post-graduation studies at the Cambridge University . Upon returning, he embarked on his journey as a politician on the platform of All-India Muslim League . Initially, his political career revolved around advocating for educational reforms and development in Bengal. Later on he started supporting the cause for a separate Muslim homeland , rising to become
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#17328585929691540-481: The Black Death in England of the 1340s included the loss of perhaps half of the population; Bishop Bateman himself lost nearly 700 of his parish priests, and so his decision to found a college was probably centred on a need to rebuild the priesthood. The site that Bateman chose was the original site of Gonville Hall , which had been founded three years earlier, but was financially struggling. Bateman's clerical aim for
1610-631: The Chief Justice , Muhammad Munir did not rule on the legality of the dismissal, but instead forced new elections to be held in 1954. Malik Ghulam appointed another Bengali politician, Muhammad Ali Bogra who was then tenuring as the Pakistan ambassador to the United States , as the new prime minister until the new elections to be held in 1954. After his dismissal, he and his family remained active in parliamentary politics; his nephew, Khwaja Wasiuddin ,
1680-459: The Delhi Durbar , the limits were increased to 40 knights grand commander, 120 knights commander, and 40 nominations of companions in any successive year. British officials and soldiers were eligible for appointment, as were rulers of Indian Princely States . Generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed knights grand commander of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of
1750-571: The MAO College of the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in Uttar Pradesh , India. Nazimuddin secured his graduation with a bachelor's degree in sociology from AMU and returned to England to pursue higher education. After AMU, Nazimuddin went to England. He attended Trinity Hall in the University of Cambridge, and earned a Master of Arts. His training in England enabled him to practice law and become
1820-579: The Pakistan Movement . As late as February 1947, Governor of Punjab Sir Evan Jenkins reported that Nazimuddin said "he did not know what Pakistan means and that nobody in the Muslim League knew." During this time, Nazimuddin had been in conflict with Premier Suhrawardy and strongly opposed the United Bengal Movement. The conflict between two men mainly existed because Suhrawardy represented
1890-515: The assassination of Liaqat Ali Khan in 1951, the Muslim League leaders asked Governor-General Nazimuddin to take over the prime ministership as well as the party's presidency as there was no other person found suitable for the post. He appointed Finance Minister Sir Malik Ghulam to the Governor-General's post. Nazimuddin's government focused towards promoting the political programs aimed towards conservative ideas . During his time in office,
1960-590: The 15th Diwan of Mysore from 1883 to 1901 was also awarded KCIE. Another C.I.E was John Malaise Graham, from the Royal Scots Greys for service. Received in 1947. Trinity Hall, Cambridge Trinity Hall (formally The College or Hall of the Holy Trinity in the University of Cambridge ) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge . Founded in 1350, it is the fifth-oldest surviving college of
2030-538: The Ante-Chapel, and the walls decorated with wainscotting and the ceiling with past Masters' crests . The Chapel was extended east in 1864, during which the original piscina was discovered and hidden behind a secret door. The painting behind the communion table is Maso da San Friano 's Salutation , loaned from the Fitzwilliam Museum in 1957, replacing an earlier painting by Giacomo Stella . The Dining Hall
2100-520: The Austrian Militärgrenze' in a 2018 volume of the Journal of Austrian-American History had been plagiarised from the work of a third-year undergraduate. O'Reilly had been responsible for marking the student's work and had commented that it "coined an original narrative." After a two-year investigation by the University, the plagiarism was found by a tribunal to be “the product of negligent acts but
2170-619: The Bengal Agriculture Debtors' Bill and the Bengal Rural Development Bill in 1935-1936. He participated in regional elections held in 1937 on a Muslim League's platform but conceded his defeat in favour of Fazlul Haq of Krishak Praja Party (KPP) who was appointed as Prime Minister of Bengal , while assuming his personal role as member of the legislative assembly. Upon the formation of the coalition government in an agreement facilitated between Muslim League and
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2240-595: The Governing Body authorised an immediate independent external inquiry into the College’s handling of all allegations raised and matters referred to in the Tortoise article, to be led by Gemma White QC. The inquiry recommended Trinity Hall consider disciplinary action against Morris in relation to his handling of one allegation. Morris resigned as Master in August 2021. In September 2022 the College published White's report alongside
2310-722: The Hall is reflected in the foundation of 1350, when he stated that the college's aim was "the promotion of divine worship and of canon and civil science and direction of the commonwealth and especially of our church and diocese of Norwich ." This led the college to be particularly strong in legal studies, a tradition that has continued over the centuries. At first all colleges in Cambridge were known as "Halls" or "Houses" and then later changed their names from "Hall" to "College". However, when Henry VIII founded Trinity College next door, it became clear that Trinity Hall would continue being known as
2380-575: The Krishak Praja Party, Nazimuddin was appointed as the home minister under Haq's premiership., which he continued until 1943. Due to his conservative elite position, he became close associate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah , then-president of the Muslim League, who appointed him as a member of the executive committee to successfully promote Muslim League' party agenda and program that gained popularity in East Bengal. In 1940–41, Nazimuddin broke away from
2450-587: The Mays for 33 consecutive days of rowing, which remains to this day the longest continuous defence by a single club of the bumps headship. The college won all but one of the events in the 1887 Henley Royal Regatta , making it the most successful Cambridge college in Henley's history. The current boathouse, built in 1905 in memory of Henry Latham , is on the River Cam , a short walk from the college. Trinity Hall's Christian Union
2520-620: The Muslim League in the province. As the Chief Minister, he led the motion of confidence that ultimately voted in favour of joining the Federation of Pakistan and reorganized the Government of East Pakistan by delegating conservative members in his administration. On 14 August of 1947, Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah relinquished the party presidency of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) to Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin who took over
2590-486: The Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India (founded in 1861); consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter. On 15 February 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire formally became "The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire" and was divided into two classes: knights commander and companions, with the following as knights commander, listed up to 1906 (in date order) However, on 21 June 1887,
2660-471: The Order of the Indian Empire. Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the order. Female princely rulers were admitted as "knights" rather than as "dames" or "ladies". Other Asian and Middle Eastern rulers were also appointed as well. Members of the order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions: At less important occasions, simpler insignia were used: The insignia of most other British chivalric orders incorporate
2730-471: The administration was taken over by Governor of Bengal Richard Casey under section 93 of the Government of India Act 1935 . From 1945 to 1947, Nazimuddin continued to be served as the chairman of the Muslim League in Bengal, ardently supporting the political cause for Pakistan against the Congress Party. This despite Nazimuddin and other Muslim League leaders not having thought through the consequences of
2800-560: The centre of Cambridge, on Bateman Street and Thompson's Lane, and on its Wychfield site next to Fitzwilliam College , where most of the college's sporting activity takes place. Mary Hockaday was appointed Master in May 2022 and took up the post in September that year. Trinity Hall has active Junior, Middle and Senior Combination Rooms for undergraduate, postgraduate and senior members of the college community respectively. The Middle Combination Room
2870-524: The class of Knight Grand Commander (25 at any given time) was added; the composition of the other two classes remained the same. The statute also provided that it was "competent for Her Majesty, Her heirs and successors, at Her or their pleasure, to appoint any Princes of the Blood Royal, being descendants of His late Majesty King George the First, as Extra Knights Grand Commander". By Letters Patent of 2 Aug 1886,
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2940-457: The coalition led by Premier Fazlul Haq and decided to become a leader of the opposition, leading campaign against Haq's premiership and primarily focused on Bengali nationalism issues. In 1943, Nazimuddin took over the government from Premier Haq when the latter was dismissed by the Governor, John Herbert , amid controversies surrounding in his political campaigns. During this time, Nazimuddin played
3010-490: The college's first few decades. The medieval structures remain unaltered, but with their façade altered to a more baroque style during the Mastership of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd in 1710-45. The Chapel was licensed in 1352 and was built by August 1366, when Blessed Pope Urban V granted the College permission to celebrate Holy Mass there. Its present decor stems from its 1729–30 renovation; Lloyd had pre-existing graves removed to
3080-470: The country's first nationwide census where it was noted that 57% of the population of Karachi were refugees from India , which further complicated the situation in the country. In January 1952, Prime Minister Nazimuddin announced publicly in Dacca that Jinnah had been right: for the sake of Pakistan's national unity , Urdu must be the official language of Pakistan– East and West . On 21 February 1952,
3150-543: The exact positions.) Knights grand commander used the post-nominal "GCIE", knights commander "KCIE", and companions "CIE." Knights grand commander and knights commander were entitled to the prefix "Sir". Wives of knights grand commander and knights commander could prefix "Lady" to their surnames. Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms. Knights grand commander were also entitled to receive heraldic supporters, and could encircle their arms with
3220-513: The existence of King's Hall (founded in 1317). King's Hall was later incorporated in the foundation of Trinity College in 1546. Trinity Hall, in addition to having a chapel, also had joint usage of the Church of St John Zacharias with Clare Hall , until the church was demolished to enable the construction of King's College in the 15th century. After this, the college was granted usage of the nearby Church of St Edward, King and Martyr on Peas Hill ,
3290-506: The family had estates that covered almost 200,000 acres and was well spread over different districts of Eastern Bengal , together with properties in Shillong, Assam and Kolkata, had a yearly rent of £ 120,000 ( $ 2,736,497.94 in 2017). By the 1960s, the majority of estate was relocated from East Pakistan to the different areas of Pakistan, leaving very little of his estate in East. He was appointed
3360-568: The first Bengali to have governed Pakistan. Khawaja Nazimuddin was born into a wealthy Muslim family of the Nawabs of Dhaka on 19 July 1894 then under British Raj rule. His father was Khwaja Nizamuddin and paternal grandfather was Khwaja Fakhruddin. His family hailed from Kashmir and was long settled in Dhaka. He was the maternal grandson of Nawab Bahadur Sir Khwaja Ahsanullah and his mother, Nawabzadi Bilqis Banu, notable for her own statue. Nazimuddin had
3430-406: The first class were titled "Knight Grand Commander" rather than "Knight Grand Cross" so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the order. At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class, that of Companion, with no quota imposed. In 1886, the Order was divided into the two classes of knights commander (50 at any given time) and companions (no quota). The following year
3500-493: The government administration. In a view of attempting to improve the economy and internal security , Malik Ghulam asked Prime Minister Nazimuddin to step down in the wider interest of the country. Nazimuddin refused to oblige and Malik Ghulam used reserve powers granted in the Government of India Act 1935 , dismissed Nazimuddin. Nazimuddin then requested the Federal Court of Pakistan 's intervention against this action but
3570-506: The middle class while Nazimuddin was representing the aristocracy. In 1947, he again contested in the party elections in the Muslim League against Suhrawardy's platform and securing his nomination as the party chairman for the Muslim League's East Bengal chapter. His success in the party election eventually led him to the appointed as the first Chief Minister of East Bengal after the Partition of India in 1947 and effectively gained controlled of
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#17328585929693640-524: The municipality election and elected as Chairman of Dhaka Municipality from 1922 until 1929. During this time, he was appointed as Education minister of Bengal. He remained minister of Education till 1934. Later he was appointed in Viceroy's Executive Council in 1934 which he served until 1937. In the former capacity he successfully piloted the Compulsory Primary Education Bill. He piloted
3710-447: The number of knights commander was increased to 82, while commanders were limited to 20 nominations per year (40 for 1903 only). Membership was expanded by letters patent of 10 June 1897, which permitted up to 32 knights grand commander. A special statute of 21 October 1902 permitted up to 92 knights commander, but continued to limit the number of nominations of commanders to 20 in any successive year. On 21 December 1911, in connection with
3780-517: The order. The fictional characters Purun Dass, invented by Rudyard Kipling , and Harry Paget Flashman , invented by George MacDonald Fraser , were KCIEs; Kipling's engineer Findlayson in The Day's Work (1908) aspires to the CIE. The British sovereign serves as Sovereign of the Order. The grand master held the next-most senior rank; the position was held, ex officio , by the viceroy of India . Members of
3850-551: The party of the President of Pakistan Muslim League (PML), due to his party electoral performance. After the death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Nazimuddin was appointed acting governor-general. at the urging of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan , on 14 September 1948. His oath of office was supervised by Chief Justice Sir Abdul Rashid of the Federal Court of Pakistan, with Liaquat Ali Khan in attendance. As Governor-General, Nazimuddin set
3920-490: The party's principal Bengali leader and a close associate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah . He served as Prime Minister of Bengal in British India from 1943 to 1945, and later as the 1st Chief Minister of East Bengal in independent Pakistan. Nazimuddin ascended to Governor-General in 1948 after the death of Jinnah, before becoming Prime Minister in 1951 following the assassination of his predecessor , Liaquat Ali Khan . His term
3990-423: The permission of Elizabeth I and probably during the mastership of Thomas Preston , and is now principally used for the storage of the college's manuscripts and rare books; it is one of the few remaining chained libraries left in the country. The new Jerwood Library overlooking the river was opened by Lord Howe of Aberavon in 1999, and stores the college's modern book collection. The college owns properties in
4060-573: The removal of the Ahmadi religious minority from power positions, and demanded a declaration of this minority as non- Muslims . Nazimuddin was held morally responsible for riots being spread and resisted such pressures; but mass rioting broke out in Punjab against both the government and followers of this religious minority . To quell the unrest, Nazimuddin declared martial law in Punjab. Major General Azam Khan
4130-584: The residential areas, Nazimabad and North Nazimabad in suburbs of Karachi, had been named after him. In Islamabad , there is a road intersection, Nazimuddin Road, that has been In his honour, the Pakistan Post issued a commemorative stamp in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1990. Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire
4200-737: The university, having been established by William Bateman , Bishop of Norwich , to train clergymen in canon law after the Black Death . Trinity Hall has two sister colleges at the University of Oxford : All Souls and University College . Notable alumni include theoretical physicists Stephen Hawking and Nobel Prize winner David Thouless , Australian Prime Minister Stanley Bruce , Pakistani Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin , Canadian Governor General David Johnston , philosophers Marshall McLuhan and Galen Strawson , Conservative cabinet minister Geoffrey Howe , Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham , writer J. B. Priestley , and Academy Award-winning actress Rachel Weisz . The devastation caused by
4270-470: Was an army general serving as GOC-in-C II Corps and later repatriated to Bangladesh in 1974. His younger brother, Shahabuddin , remained active in politics and became Information minister in President Ayub Khan 's administration. Sir Khwaja died in 1964, aged 70. He was buried in the Mausoleum of three leaders in his hometown of Dhaka. Nazimuddin and his brother, Shahabuddin, belonged to an aristocratic family who were known for their wealth. In
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#17328585929694340-399: Was asked, and agreed, to withdraw permanently from further teaching and from attending social events at which students might be present. However, due to an alleged error by the College in 2017, Hutchinson was invited to a college event, which was also open to students. His attendance was in breach of the prior agreement and resulted in an outcry among students and alumni. Thereafter, in 2019,
4410-587: Was founded in 1877, making it the second oldest JCR-listed society. It is part of the broader Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union . Trinity Hall's literary society, the Hesperides, was founded in 1923 by Neil McLeod Innes with the intention of discussing literary and artistic subjects. Named after the seminal work of the 17th-century poet Robert Herrick , in its early years the society hosted T. S. Eliot , J. B. Priestley and Nikolaus Pevsner at its various dinners and functions. Old Hesperideans have gone on to some notoriety, none more so than Donald Maclean ,
4480-661: Was himself the subject of a further allegation of sexual assault, which he denied. Tortoise reported that the College's Master, Jeremy Morris , had been made aware of the allegations against O'Reilly, but had allowed him to continue teaching for a further five months and oversee the student disciplinary process until the complaints were investigated by police. Tortoise alleged that as of the date of publication, no formal investigation had been made into this complaint, and no safeguarding measures had been put in place. In February 2020, Morris and O’Reilly agreed to "step back" from their roles in college pending investigation. In March 2020,
4550-413: Was made Chief Martial Law Administrator and brought Lahore under control within a couple of days. Nazimuddin forced out the Chief Minister of Punjab, Mumtaz Daultana , and replaced him with Feroz Khan Noon . The agitations and violence spread through the successful Bengali language movement and the riots in Lahore proved the inability of Nazimuddin's government as he was widely seen as weak in running
4620-454: Was made an honorary Knight Grand Commander on 17 December 1900. Appointments to both the Order of the Star of India and the Order of the Indian Empire ceased after 14 August 1947. As the last Grand Master of the orders, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma was also the last known individual to have publicly worn the stars of a Knight Grand Commander of both orders, during the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations in 1977. There are no living members of
4690-458: Was marked by constant power struggles with his own successor as Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad , as law and order deteriorated amid the rise of the Bengali language movement and protests in his native Dhaka in 1952, and religious riots in Lahore a year later. The latter crisis saw the first instance of martial law , limited to the city, and led to Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissing Nazimuddin on 17 April 1953. Nazimuddin's ministry
4760-444: Was not deliberate”. O'Reilly remained in post but Penn State University Press , the journal's publisher, retracted the paper concerned saying that it presented "material without credit." O'Reilly did not contest or dispute the retraction. The College site on the Cam was originally obtained from Bateman's purchase of a house from John de Crauden, Prior of Ely, to house the monks during their study, with Front Court being built within
4830-406: Was rebuilt under Lloyd along similar lines to the Chapel, with rendered walls replaced by wainscotting and medieval beams by baroque carvings. A large portrait of Lloyd dominates the wall behind high table ; Lloyd supposedly made it irremovable from its wainscot surroundings, so that his representation can never be erased from the College. The college library was built in the late 16th century, with
4900-422: Was the first federal government to be dismissed in Pakistan's history, though his former ministers Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar , Abdul Sattar Pirzada , and Mahmud Husain refused to take the oath of office in the new cabinet. He retired from national politics , dying after a brief illness in 1964. He is buried at the Mausoleum of Three Leaders in Dhaka. He was one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan and
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