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61-470: The National Memorial Arboretum is a British site of national remembrance at Alrewas , near Lichfield , Staffordshire . Its objective is to honour the fallen, recognise service and sacrifice, and foster pride in the British Armed Forces and civilian community. In 2017, after undergoing a large scale regeneration project, the arboretum's new award-winning Remembrance Centre was officially opened by

122-590: A beautiful green scenery. The future of the project became assured when three proposals were agreed. These were: for the site to be the location of the Armed Forces Memorial ; for the Ministry of Defence to pay a significant grant-in-aid to allow for free entry and that The Royal British Legion would accept the gift of the site as the focus for the nation's year-round remembrance. The project began with no money, no land, no staff and no trees, just an idea which

183-525: A block of ice was soon adopted as their mascot and shoulder flash . Made from yellow hardwood, the bear is 9 ft long (2.7 m) and 5 ft high (1.5 m) and weighs 2.5 tonnes; it was created by the Essex Woodcarvers and took six men a year to carve. Inside the bear is a capsule containing the names of the members of the 49th Division who died, together with relevant letters and documents. A dedicated memorial has been erected in recognition of

244-409: A hamlet in the ancient parish of Alrewas, and the civil parish was named to reflect Fradley's growth into a village. From 1 April 2009 Alrewas and Fradley have been two separate civil parishes. Near Alrewas are the villages of Wychnor , Barton-under-Needwood , Fradley and Kings Bromley . Diamond Bus service 12 links the village to Lichfield , Fradley and Burton . The 2011 Census recorded

305-524: A number of years before the arrival of the first Christian mission to England. He permitted the preaching of Christianity. The first archbishop of Canterbury was Saint Augustine of Canterbury (not to be confused with Saint Augustine of Hippo ), who arrived in Kent in 597 AD, having been sent by Pope Gregory I on a mission to the English. He was accepted by King Æthelbert , on his conversion to Christianity, about

366-595: A precedence of honour over the other bishops of the Anglican Communion. He is recognised as primus inter pares , or first amongst equals. He does not, however, exercise any direct authority in the provinces outside England, except in certain minor roles dictated by Canon in those provinces (for example, he is the judge in the event of an ecclesiastical prosecution against the archbishop of Wales). He does hold metropolitical authority over several extra-provincial Anglican churches , and he serves as ex officio bishop of

427-606: A principal leader of the Church of England , the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury . Justin Welby was enthroned as archbishop of Canterbury at Canterbury Cathedral on 21 March 2013, and announced his resignation, to take effect at a later date, in November 2024. Welby is the 105th person to hold the position, as part of a line of succession going back to Augustine of Canterbury ,

488-699: A result of terrorism since the end of the Second World War . At 11 am on 11 November each year the sun shines through two slits in the outer and inner walls of the memorial, casting a shaft of light across a wreath in the centre. The Armed Forces Memorial was dedicated in October 2007 by the Archbishop of Canterbury in the presence of Elizabeth II . Other areas of the site include an RAF 'wing', Naval review and Army parade. Civilian areas include 'The Beat' which contains memorials and dedications to police forces from around

549-789: A team of over 260 volunteers, who collectively dedicate more than 52,000 hours of their time per year to the arboretum. In 2010, the Volunteers of the National Memorial Arboretum were awarded The Queen's Award for Voluntary Service . In April 2023, it was announced by the Dame Vera Lynn Memorial Statue organisation that the National Memorial Arboretum was the planned site for The Forces' Sweetheart And Wartime Entertainers' Memorial , dedicated to singer Dame Vera Lynn and "all those who risk their lives to entertain and lift spirits and morale in times of conflict". The memorial

610-479: Is Lambeth Palace . He also has an apartment within the Old Palace , next to Canterbury Cathedral which incorporates some 13th-century fabric of the medieval Archbishop's Palace. Former seats of the archbishops include: Since 1900, the following have served as archbishop of Canterbury: From 1660 to 1902, all the archbishops of Canterbury died in office. In 1928, two years before his death, Randall Davidson became

671-481: Is a charity run by staff and volunteers, and part of The Royal British Legion group of charities. An Act of Remembrance, including a silence, is observed daily in the Millennium Chapel. The Arboretum receives about 300,000 visitors a year. The village holds the biennial Alrewas Arts Festival every other summer. The first festival was in 2006, and it has become a much loved attraction in the village's calendar. It

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732-552: Is also a president of Churches Together in England (an ecumenical organisation). Geoffrey Fisher , 99th archbishop of Canterbury, was the first since 1397 to visit Rome, where he held private talks with Pope John XXIII in 1960. In 2005, Rowan Williams became the first archbishop of Canterbury to attend a papal funeral since the Reformation. He also attended the inauguration of Pope Benedict XVI . The 101st archbishop, Donald Coggan ,

793-632: Is an eight-day free festival that includes workshops, performances, exhibitions and events in Alrewas village. It features local artistic and artisan talents. The workshops range from silk painting to film making. There is fund raising including auctions and sales in the intermediate 2-year period to meet the festival's costs. It culminates in a Sunday daytime to evening event of live music, comedy and interactive arts in Alrewas Park that attracts thousands of party-goers from surrounding villages and towns. Each year

854-603: Is designed to remember those who have served in the Brigade since 1883. Sixteen Victoria Crosses have been awarded to former and serving Brigade members. The memorial is constructed from 30 metres (98 ft) of the original rails and sleepers used on the Burma Railway , which were brought to the arboretum from Thailand in HMS Northumberland in 2002. The memorial is a permanent tribute to those who were forced to construct

915-509: Is part of The Royal British Legion family of charities. The National Memorial Arboretum is situated just south of Alrewas on approximately 150 acres (61 ha; 0.23 sq mi) of old gravel workings, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Lichfield , Staffordshire . It is adjacent to the confluence of the River Tame with the River Trent , and directly neighbouring Croxall Lakes . It is at

976-595: The Chair of St. Augustine . A gospel book believed to be directly associated with St Augustine's mission survives in the Parker Library, Corpus Christi College , University of Cambridge, England. Catalogued as Cambridge Manuscript 286 , it has been positively dated to 6th-century Italy and this bound book, the St Augustine Gospels , is still used during the swearing-in ceremony of new archbishops of Canterbury. Before

1037-612: The England national football team manager Roy Hodgson and Greg Dyke , chairman of the Football Association . The Football Remembers memorial was designed by ten-year-old Spencer Turner after a UK-wide competition. The Commandos were formed by the Army in June 1940 as a well-armed but non-regimental raider force employing unconventional and irregular tactics to assault, disrupt and reconnoitre

1098-535: The English and Welsh order of precedence , the archbishop of Canterbury is ranked above all individuals in the realm, with the exception of the sovereign and members of the royal family . Immediately below him is the lord chancellor and then the archbishop of York. The archbishop of Canterbury awards academic degrees, commonly called " Lambeth degrees ". The archbishop of Canterbury's official residence and office in London

1159-527: The Forestry Commission and the National Forest , and since then has been shaped by a staff of thousands: a small paid group; a dedicated and active Friends of the National Memorial Arboretum organisation; and countless others who have either planted individual trees or helped create a memorial for their organisation. The arboretum was officially opened on 16 May 2001. It is a registered charity and

1220-493: The River Trent and about 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Lichfield . It is located 8.1 miles (13.0 km) southwest of Burton-on-Trent . The parish is bounded by the Trent to the north and east, and by field boundaries to the south and west. The A38 road passes the village, which is just inside the boundary of the National Forest . Until 2009 Alrewas was part of the civil parish of Alrewas and Fradley . Fradley had begun as

1281-786: The War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) . A memorial to the Lisbon Maru was unveiled in 2021. A 'remembrance glade' was unveiled at the arboretum by the Royal British Legion in September 2021, featuring plants chosen for their symbolic meanings in relation to grief and new beginnings. Daily activities on site include guided walks, buggy tours, land train rides and free talks, as well as the Daily Act of Remembrance. Most of these activities are conducted by

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1342-621: The "Apostle to the English", who was sent to England by Pope Gregory the Great and arrived in 597. From the time of Augustine until the sixteenth century, the archbishops of Canterbury were in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church and usually received the pallium from the Pope . During the English Reformation , King Henry VIII broke communion with Rome and became the head of

1403-565: The "five great sees" (the others being York , London , Durham and Winchester ), the archbishop of Canterbury is ex officio one of the Lords Spiritual of the House of Lords . He is one of the highest-ranking men in England and the highest ranking non-royal in the United Kingdom's order of precedence . Since Henry VIII broke with Rome , the archbishops of Canterbury have been selected by

1464-629: The "mother church" of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Report of the Commissioners appointed by his Majesty to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales (1835) noted the net annual revenue for the Canterbury see was £19,182. The archbishop of Canterbury exercises metropolitical (or supervisory) jurisdiction over the Province of Canterbury , which encompasses thirty of

1525-564: The 103rd archbishop; and Rowan Williams (born 1950), the 104th archbishop. In addition to his office, the archbishop holds a number of other positions; for example, he is joint president of the Council of Christians and Jews in the United Kingdom. Some positions he formally holds ex officio and others virtually so (the incumbent of the day, although appointed personally, is appointed because of his office). Amongst these are: The archbishop

1586-542: The 5th and 6th centuries Britannia began to be overrun by pagan , Germanic peoples who came to be known collectively as the Anglo-Saxons . Of the kingdoms they created, Kent arguably had the closest links with European politics, trade and culture, because it was conveniently situated for communication with continental Europe . In the late 6th century, King Æthelberht of Kent married a Christian Frankish princess named Bertha , possibly before becoming king, and certainly

1647-452: The Burton & District Youth Cricket League. Alrewas Tennis was founded in 2013. The club has a LTA Tennismark accreditation and are registered by HMRC as a Community Amateur Sports Club. Coaching sessions for adults and juniors are provided and facilities include two floodlit, painted tarmac courts. Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and

1708-454: The Crown Inn. It is a Gothic Revival brick building completed in 1928. In 1989 due to rot the roof was renewed. At the same time a new floor was laid, involving the removal of pews and organ. All Saints Primary School is the local Church of England primary school. It is a small primary school which is only slightly more than single form entry. The village has three pubs : the Crown Inn,

1769-629: The Duke of Cambridge on 23 March. It features three exhibition galleries, a larger restaurant and shop, separate coffee shop and a courtyard with garden. In 2018, the National Memorial Arboretum was awarded Gold Large Visitor Attraction of the Year in VisitEngland's Awards for Excellence, as well as Coach Friendly Attraction of the Year in the British Coach Tourism Awards. The idea for the arboretum

1830-641: The English (British since the Act of Union in 1707) monarch. Since the 20th century, the appointment of archbishops of Canterbury conventionally alternates between Anglo-Catholics and Evangelicals . The most recent archbishop, Justin Welby is the 105th holder of the office. He was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral on 4 February 2013. As archbishop he signs himself as + Justin Cantuar . On 12 November 2024 he announced his decision to resign. There are currently two other living former archbishops: George Carey (born 1935),

1891-537: The Falkland Islands . As of 2024 the archbishop has four suffragan bishops: The archbishops of Canterbury and York are both styled as "The Most Reverend"; retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". The archbishop is, by convention, appointed to the Privy Council and may, therefore, also use the style of " The Right Honourable " for life, unless later removed from the council. In formal documents,

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1952-622: The George and Dragon and the William IV. The Crown is a pub and restaurant in Post Office Road. The George and Dragon is an 18th-century building in Main Street. The William IV was three cottages until the 1830s, when it was converted into a pub. The National Memorial Arboretum is at Alrewas. It "honours the fallen, recognises service and sacrifice, and fosters pride in our country". The Arboretum

2013-612: The UK and commonwealth. There is a Wartime Nurses Memorial, to 1,300 VAD and professional nurses who died in the First and Second World Wars. Within the arboretum is the Millennium Chapel of Peace and Forgiveness where, at 11 am each day, an act of remembrance takes place. Following the two-minute silence , accompanied by the Last Post and Reveille , there is an introductory talk about the arboretum. The Bastion Memorial commemorates British casualties of

2074-544: The archbishop fills four main roles: In the last two of these functions, he has an important ecumenical and interfaith role, speaking on behalf of Anglicans in England and worldwide. The archbishop's main residence is Lambeth Palace in the London Borough of Lambeth . He also has lodgings in the Old Palace, Canterbury , located beside Canterbury Cathedral , where the Chair of St Augustine sits. As holder of one of

2135-564: The archbishop of Canterbury is not always used in formal documents; often only the first name and see are mentioned. The archbishop is legally entitled to sign his name as "Cantuar" (the Latin for Canterbury). The right to use a title as a legal signature is only permitted to bishops, peers of the Realm and peers by courtesy. Justin Welby as archbishop of Canterbury usually signed as " +Justin Cantuar: ". In

2196-559: The archbishop of Canterbury is referred to as "The Most Reverend Forenames , by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of All England and Metropolitan". In debates in the House of Lords, the archbishop is referred to as "The Most Reverend Primate, the Archbishop of Canterbury". "The Right Honourable" is not used in either instance. He may also be formally addressed as "Your Grace" or, more informally, as "Archbishop". The surname of

2257-611: The break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church . Since the break the Church of England, an established national church , still considers itself part of the broader Western Catholic tradition (although this is not accepted by the Roman Catholic Church which regards Anglicanism as schismatic and does not accept Anglican holy orders as valid) as well as being

2318-417: The building are 12th-century. Some Norman work remains but much of the present building is Gothic from the 13th, 14th and 16th centuries. The font is 15th-century. The pulpit is Jacobean , made in 1639. There is a monument by Thomas White to John Turton, who died in 1707. The church was restored in 1997. All Saints' is a Grade I listed building . The Methodist Church is in Post Office Road opposite

2379-544: The church . Thomas Cranmer , appointed in 1533, was the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury and would become one of the most important figures in the development of Anglicanism . The archbishop is appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the prime minister of the United Kingdom , however in practice candidates are chosen by the Crown Nominations Commission , a Church of England body. Currently

2440-401: The church with the exception of the two archbishops—serves as Canterbury's provincial dean , the bishop of Winchester as chancellor , the bishop of Lincoln as vice-chancellor, the bishop of Salisbury as precentor , the bishop of Worcester as chaplain and the bishop of Rochester as cross-bearer . Along with primacy over the archbishop of York , the archbishop of Canterbury also has

2501-502: The contribution made by Polish service men and women to the Allied Forces during the Second World War . The centre monument sculptured by Robert Sobocinski was unveiled by His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent on 19 September 2009. The RNLI memorial has been landscaped as a pebble, shingle and sand beach. The dramatic figure of a lifeboat man in his 19th-century oilskins and cork life jacket

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2562-600: The enemy. This memorial consists of a reproduction of part of the Association badge – the wreath in copper and the Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife in stainless steel. It was created at Anwick Forge in Lincolnshire. By Graeme Mitcheson . Unveiled on 15 June 2014 the memorial to navy personnel is made up from a number of large pieces of coloured glass and a lone figure with bowed head. The Polar Bear Association Memorial

2623-403: The first voluntarily to resign his office. All his successors except William Temple (who died in office in 1944) have also resigned their office before death. All those who retired have been given peerages : initially hereditary baronies (although both recipients of such titles died without male heirs and so their titles became extinct on their deaths), and life peerages after the enactment of

2684-514: The followers of religions and cultures." Delegates said that "the deepening of moral values and ethical principles, which are common denominators among such followers, would help strengthen stability and achieve prosperity for all humans." It has been suggested that the Roman province of Britannia had four archbishops, seated at Londinium (London), Eboracum ( York ), Lindum Colonia ( Lincoln ) and Corinium Dobunnorum ( Cirencester ). However, in

2745-522: The forty-two dioceses of the Church of England, with the rest falling within the Province of York . The four Welsh dioceses were also under the province of Canterbury until 1920 when they were transferred from the established church of England to the disestablished Church in Wales . The archbishop of Canterbury has a ceremonial provincial curia , or court, consisting of some of the senior bishops of his province. The bishop of London —the most senior cleric of

2806-455: The infamous 'Railway of Death' and the benches and trees around the railway track have relevant dedications. The memorial was dedicated on 15 August 2002. On 12 December 2014, a memorial on the centenary of the World War I Christmas truce , when British and German soldiers stopped fighting in the trenches and played football in no man's land , was unveiled by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge ,

2867-492: The parish population as 2,852. The toponym "Alrewas" is derived from the Old English Alor-wæsse , meaning "alluvial land growing with alder trees". The A38 dual carriageway follows the line of Ryknild Street , a Roman road that linked what are now Gloucestershire and South Yorkshire . Orgreave Hall is a brick-built country house in Alrewas parish about 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (2 km) northwest of

2928-517: The railway. The memorial commemorates the 700 Allied PoWs who died building the Sumatra Railway . Several thousand captured Allied troops were forced to work on the 100 miles (160 km) railway. Alrewas Alrewas ( / ˈ ɔː l r ɪ w ə s / AWL -ri-wəs ) is a village and civil parish in the Lichfield District of Staffordshire , England. The village is beside

2989-555: The station in 1965, but this part of the line remains open. East of Alrewas is the National Memorial Arboretum , dedicated to remembering those lost due to warfare since the Second World War . Chetwynd Bridge , an early cast-iron arch bridge, crosses the River Tame from neighbouring Edingale on the eastern edge of the parish. The Church of England parish church is All Saints in Church Lane. The oldest parts of

3050-402: The village dating back to 1879. The club ground is based on Daisy Lane. Alrewas CC have 3 Saturday senior XI teams that compete in the Derbyshire County Cricket League , a Sunday XI team in the Lichfield & District Cricket League, a Women's team in the West Midlands Women’s Cricket League, a Woman's softball team and an established junior training section that play competitive cricket in

3111-421: The village hosts the Alrewas Show, which is a registered charity. It includes a walking carnival procession (formerly driven floats), galloping acrobatics, a falconry display, miniature steam display, Punch and Judy show, livestock display, fairground rides and attractions, trade stands, historic cars, farm machinery and music. Alrewas Cricket Club is an English amateur cricket club with a history of cricket in

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3172-424: The village. It was built in 1668 and extended in the early 18th century. The Trent and Mersey Canal was built between 1766 and 1777. It passes through Alrewas, where northeast of the village it has a junction with the River Trent. The South Staffordshire Line of the South Staffordshire Railway was built through the parish in the 1840s and Alrewas railway station was opened in 1849. British Railways closed

3233-482: The western end of the National Forest , just off the A38 road . The arboretum contains more than 25,000 trees. There are more than 400 memorials for the armed forces, civilian organisations and voluntary bodies who have played a part in serving the country; and even HMS Amethyst's cat Simon. The largest section is the Armed Forces Memorial , at the heart of the arboretum, which is a tribute to over 16,000 service personnel who have lost their lives in conflict or as

3294-408: The year 598. It seems that Pope Gregory, ignorant of recent developments in the former Roman province, including the spread of the Pelagian heresy , had intended the new archiepiscopal sees for England to be established in London and York. In the event, Canterbury was chosen instead of London, owing to political circumstances. Since then the archbishops of Canterbury have been referred to as occupying

3355-478: Was conceived by Commander David Childs CBE in 1988, who wished to establish a national focus or 'centre' for remembrance to those that had died after giving to their community or country. Following a meeting with Group Captain Leonard Cheshire VC , an appeal was launched in 1994 by the then Prime Minister, John Major . He believed that the arboretum would form a living tribute to service men and women for future generations to reflect upon and enjoy while walking through

3416-434: Was designed and will be sculpted by artist Paul Day . Some of the other features of the National Memorial Arboretum are described below. Made from Chinese granite and designed to give a different perspective when viewed from different angles, the Star of David memorial is dedicated to Jewish servicemen who were killed on duty. The elements of this garden represent all parts of the UK and Ireland. The Boys' Brigade Garden

3477-439: Was sculpted by Andrew Fitchett. During the First World War some 306 British and Commonwealth soldiers were shot for desertion or cowardice; the real cause for their offences was often a psychological reaction to the stresses of war which today would be diagnosed as post-traumatic stress syndrome or combat stress reaction . Shot at Dawn is modelled on Private Herbert Burden , of the 1st Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers , who

3538-433: Was shot at Ypres in 1915 aged 17. The SANDS Garden is for bereaved parents. At the centre of the garden is a sculpture of the SANDS tear drop logo which was created by John Roberts and the Portland Sculpture Trust to encourage people to sit and touch the central carved figure of the baby. Unveiled in 2001, the Sumatra Railway Memorial was designed by Jack Plant who was captured by the Japanese and forced to work constructing

3599-407: Was the first monument and sculpture to be erected at the National Memorial Arboretum. It is a tribute to the 49th Infantry West Riding Division and was dedicated on 7 June 1998. In the Second World War they were stationed in Iceland and as they were snowed in under 20 feet (6.1 m) of snow for most of the campaign, their commanding officer called the men 'his Polar Bears' and the polar bear on

3660-458: Was the first to attend a papal inauguration, that of Pope John Paul II in 1978. Since 2002, the archbishop has co-sponsored the Alexandria Middle East Peace process with the Grand Mufti of Egypt . In July 2008, the archbishop attended a conference of Christians, Jews and Muslims convened by the King of Saudi Arabia at which the notion of the "clash of civilizations" was rejected. Delegates agreed "on international guidelines for dialogue among

3721-493: Was yet to exist in reality. The National Lottery , in the form of the Millennium Commission, granted some forty per cent of the funds needed and this was matched by thousands of donations from a wide variety of organisations both military and civilian, men and women, corporate and voluntary. Planting began on the reclaimed gravel workings, bordered by the Rivers Trent and Tame , gifted to the charity by Tarmac Lafarge in 1997. The initial planting took place thanks to grants from

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