Misplaced Pages

#665334

51-491: The Brick House was passed down for seven generations, from Nathaniel Hill, to Captain Peter Hill (July 22, 1752 – October 14, 1795), to Nathaniel Peter Hill (Feb. 14, 1781 – May 2, 1841), to Augustus Hill (May 4, 1838 – November 2, 1903) to Charles Borland Hill (June 5, 1868 – 1959), to C.B. Hill, Jr. (Nov. 30, 1901–?), to C.B. Hill III (May 26, 1931–?). But it was originally made as a retirement house for Nathaniel Hill. The house

102-594: A broad and substantial legacy to the American pure food movement as its "crusading chemist". Wiley targeted Coca-Cola in 1909, not because of its use of cocaine which had ceased a few years before, but because of the excessive use of caffeine which was proven to be addictive. The fears were particularly regarding children. This went to trial in 1911 where Coca-Cola argued it could be drunk with no ill effects whether addictive or not. The courts decided that Wiley had gone too far and Coca-Cola were found not guilty of breaching

153-459: A manner understandable to public and politicians. Areas of concern included Embalmed Milk (adding formaldehyde to milk); adding copper sulphate to tinned French beans to make them green etc. These problems were mainly associated with getting food to large city populations. The embalmed beef scandal relating to the troop rations in the American-Cuban war of 1898 finally brought the industry to

204-486: A meeting of more progressive food producers (including Heinz) plus female activists with Theodore Roosevelt to lobby for safe food legislation. Upton Sinclair 's book The Jungle revealed inside information from the slaughterhouses of Chicago which caused great consternation. This non-scientific expose of the canned meat industry reminded Roosevelt of his experiences with shoddy meat in Cuba in 1898. In June 1906 this led to

255-631: A monthly tabloid attacking federal oversight. In 1939, the Federal Trade Commission filed a complaint against Good Housekeeping for "misleading and deceptive" guarantees including the Seal, and "exaggerated and false" claims in its advertisements. The publisher fought the proceedings for two years, during which time competing editors from the Ladies Home Journal and McCall's testified against Good Housekeeping . The FTC's ultimate ruling

306-414: A vote, being defeated by lobbyists. He sought the support of female groups, not due to their direct political influence (as they still had none) but due to the domestic pressure which they could exert. The campaign spilled into wider community health and welfare, calling for public (municipal) control of all water supplies and sewer systems. His campaign gained weight when Fannie Farmer joined and paralleled

357-416: Is $ 3 for adults and $ 2 for children. Good Housekeeping Good Housekeeping is an American lifestyle media brand that covers a wide range of topics from home decor and renovation, health, beauty and food, to entertainment, pets and gifts. The Good Housekeeping Institute which opened its "Experiment Station" in 1900, specializes in product reviews by a staff of scientific experts. The GH Institute

408-503: Is inscribed "Father of the Pure Food Law". The Liberty Ship S.S. Harvey W. Wiley was one of 2751 World War II Liberty Ships built between 1941 and 1945. She was a tanker laid down September 15, 1943, launched October 15, 1943, sold by the government in 1947, and scrapped in 1969. The U.S. Post Office issued a 3-cent postage stamp in Wiley's honor on June 27, 1956, in conjunction with

459-484: Is known, in part, for the "Good Housekeeping Seal", a limited warranty program that evaluates products to ensure they perform as intended. Good Housekeeping was founded in 1885 by American publisher and poet Clark W. Bryan . By the time of its acquisition by the Hearst Corporation in 1911, the magazine had grown to a circulation of 300,000 subscribers. By the early 1960s, it had over five million subscribers and

510-547: The Great Depression and its aftermath. In 1938, a year in which the magazine advertising dropped 22 percent, Good Housekeeping showed an operating profit of $ 2,583,202, more than three times the profit of Hearst's other eight magazines combined, and probably the most profitable monthly of its time. Circulation topped 2,500,000 in 1943, 3,500,000 in the mid-1950s, 5,000,000 in 1962, and 5,500,000 per month in 1966. 1959 profits were more than $ 11 million. Good Housekeeping

561-612: The Union Army in 1864, during the American Civil War. He finished the war as a corporal in Company I of the 137th Indiana Infantry Regiment. He returned to Hanover in 1865, majored in the humanities and was a top graduate (A.B.) in 1867. Wiley earned his M.D. from Indiana Medical College in 1871. He was professor of Greek and Latin at Butler College , Indianapolis , 1868–70. After earning his medical degree Wiley taught chemistry at

SECTION 10

#1732856132666

612-699: The Wiley-Ringland House , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Wiley's achievements are the subject of Deborah Blum 's 2018 nonfiction book The Poison Squad: One Chemist's Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century , which was the basis for The Poison Squad , a documentary film that first aired on American Experience on January 28, 2020. Some libertarian philosophers cite Wiley's work as

663-763: The "Experiment Station", the predecessor to the Good Housekeeping Research Institute (GHRI), now known as the Good Housekeeping Institute, was founded. In 1902, the magazine was calling this "An Inflexible Contract Between the Publisher and Each Subscriber". The formal opening of the headquarters of the GH Institute – the "Model Kitchen", "Testing Station for Household Devices", and "Domestic Science Laboratory" – occurred in January 1910. In 1909,

714-539: The 1830s the Hills added a large rear wing to the house and renovated part of the interior; almost a century later indoor plumbing was added. The Hills have cooperated with the county in allowing the land around the house to be used as a park, and the Orange County Farmers' Museum. It and their house are open 10 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. on weekends between mid-May and early October (actual dates vary each year). Admission

765-399: The 50th anniversary of the 1906 Act. The Harvey W. Wiley Award is AOAC International 's most prestigious scientific award; it was established in 1956 and has been presented annually since 1957 to a scientist (or group of scientists) who have made an outstanding contribution to analytical method development in an area of interest to AOAC International. AOAC International was founded in 1884 as

816-455: The Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Wiley was a founding member, President in 1886, Secretary from 1889 to 1912, and Honorary President until his death in 1930. Wiley has several buildings named in his honor. He was honored by Hanover College with a "Wiley Residence Hall" inaugurated in 1956. He was also honored by Purdue University in 1958 when the "Harvey W. Wiley Residence Hall"

867-546: The Bureau of Chemistry brought to its studies of food and drug adulteration, and misbranding. The first food and drug inspectors were hired to complement the work of the laboratory scientists, and an inspection program was launched which revolutionized the country's food supply within the first decade under the new federal law. Wiley's tenure generated controversy over his administration of the 1906 statute. Concerns over chemical preservatives, which had not been specifically addressed in

918-419: The Bureau of Chemistry grew significantly in strength and stature after assuming responsibility for enforcement of the 1906 Act. Between 1906 and 1912, Wiley's staff expanded from 110 to 146. Appropriations, which had been $ 155,000 in 1906, were $ 963,780 in 1912. The Bureau moved into its own building and used the healing symbol of Aesculapius's staff , or Ophiuchus . In 1911, his enemies urged his dismissal from

969-602: The Department of Agriculture over the technicality that an expert in his department had been paid above the legal rate. But later in the year, President William Howard Taft wrote a letter that fully exonerated Wiley. On March 15, 1912, Wiley resigned his leadership of the Chemistry Bureau because, from nearly the beginning, he had been antagonized in the enforcement of the Pure Food And Drugs Act, and he had seen

1020-618: The Food and Drug Act: see United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola . President Taft was pressured into firing Wiley but the press supported his continuing. The enforcement of the federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was assigned to the Bureau of Chemistry , instead of the Department of Commerce or the Department of the Interior , which was a tribute to the scientific qualifications that

1071-706: The Good Housekeeping Research Institute and a contributing editor whose "Question Box" feature ran for decades. Beginning with a "Beauty Clinic" in 1932, departments were added to the Institute, including a "Baby's Center", "Foods and Cookery", and a "Needlework Room". Some functioned as testing laboratories, while others were designed to produce editorial copy. In 1924, the British Good Housekeeping magazine set up its own Good Housekeeping Institute at 49 Wellington Street in Covent Garden, London. Its first director

SECTION 20

#1732856132666

1122-696: The Hearst Corporation. In Russia, the magazine was published first as Domashny Ochag ("Good Home, or Hearth"), before changing its name to Novy Ochag ("New Home, or Hearth") sometime in July 2022. Published by Independent Media, and described as "a resource for women who take care of their homes, raise children, have successful careers and help others", Novy Ochag recorded a digital readership of 13 million in October 2023. Harvey W. Wiley Harvey Washington Wiley (October 18, 1844 – June 30, 1930)

1173-474: The Medical College, where he led Indiana's first laboratory course in chemistry beginning in 1873. At Harvard University , he was awarded a B.S. degree in 1873 after only a few months of intense effort. He then accepted a faculty position in chemistry at Purdue University , which held its first classes in 1874. He was also appointed state chemist of Indiana. In 1878, Wiley went to Germany where he attended

1224-647: The White House in support of the Pure Food and Drug Act . Wiley was nicknamed "Father of the Pure Food and Drugs Act" when it became law in 1906. He wrote two editions of Foods and Their Adulteration (1907 and 1911), which described for an audience of non-specialists the history, preparation and subsequent adulteration of basic foodstuffs. He was a founding father of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists , and left

1275-498: The advertisers. In its varying forms, the Seal became inextricably associated with the magazine, and many others (e.g., McCall's , Parents Magazine , and Better Homes and Gardens ) mimicked the practice. Good Housekeeping began to be published in the United Kingdom in 1922. William Randolph Hearst appointed Alice Maud Head initially as assistant editor. Head rose to be the managing director, as well as purportedly being

1326-496: The call for "pure food". Heinz were one of the first companies to join the push for pure food and changed their recipe for tomato ketchup in 1902 to replace chemical preservatives with vinegar and introducing very hygienic practices into their factories. In 1905, the Poison Squad was set to work on salicylic acid which was used in multiple products. It was found to cause bleeding of the stomach. In December 1905, Wiley organized

1377-411: The consuming public. Director, Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health was Wiley's official title. His disapprobation of “drugged” products included cola drinks; he warned against the caffeine in them vehemently. In a famous action he brought against The Coca-Cola Company in 1911, he contended that it was illegal to use the name Coca-Cola when there was no actual cocaine in the drink, and also that it

1428-739: The early 20th century . This move addressed public health concerns but has drawn modern criticism for its impact on drug policy perceptions. In 1904 Wiley was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society . In 1910 he was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute . Wiley was born on October 18, 1844, in a log farmhouse in Republican Township , in Jefferson County, Indiana ,

1479-459: The fundamental principles of that act either paralyzed or discredited. Taft expressed his regret at Wiley's resignation and Agriculture Secretary James Wilson spoke highly of how "valuable" Wiley had been, and in turn, Wiley thanked Wilson for the "personal kindness and regard shown him." After his resignation from government work in 1912, Wiley took over the laboratories of Good Housekeeping Magazine , where he continued his work on behalf of

1530-705: The highest paid woman in Europe. As Hearst's deputy, Head would make decisions on his behalf about not just editing, but also buying for him St Donat's Castle , expensive art objects, and three giraffes for his zoo. Head remained head until 1939. In Latin America , a Spanish version of the magazine, titled Buenhogar , was published in the United States and Latin America by the Televisa corporation in Mexico from 1965, under license from

1581-436: The law, continued to be problematic. The Secretary of Agriculture appointed a Referee Board of Consulting Scientists, headed by Ira Remsen of Johns Hopkins University , to repeat Wiley's human trials of preservatives. The use of saccharin , bleached flour, caffeine , and benzoate of soda were all important issues which had to be settled by the courts in the early days under the new law. Under Wiley's leadership, however,

Nathaniel Hill Brick House - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-537: The lectures of August Wilhelm von Hofmann —the celebrated German discoverer of organic tar derivatives like aniline . While there, Wiley was elected to the prestigious German Chemical Society founded by Hofmann. Wiley spent most of his time in the Imperial Food Laboratory in Bismarck working with Eugene Sell, mastering the use of the polariscope and studying sugar chemistry. Upon his return to Purdue, Wiley

1683-524: The magazine established the Good Housekeeping Seal. Products advertised in the magazine that bear the GH Seal are tested by GH Institute experts and are backed by a two-year limited warranty. About 5,000 products have been given the seal. In April 1912, a year after Hearst bought the magazine, Harvey W. Wiley , the first commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (1907–1912), became head of

1734-586: The passing of the Meat Inspection Act (controlling slaughterhouses) and the Food and Drug Act (looking at prohibition of additives). Whilst Roosevelt was keen to take sole credit, the popular press of the day called this Act Dr. Wiley's Law . The law allowed new chemicals to be added to the list of banned additives. The first one to target was Formaldehyde which in 1907 was found to be highly dangerous despite widespread use. President Roosevelt brought one of his heroes, Ira Remsen , in to monitor Wiley. This

1785-527: The poisons to. First to be tested was borax which tightened old meat which was starting to decompose. The borax was fed to the men in meat and dairy products. Some were given borax and some were not in order to control the study. The volunteers became known as The Poison Squad. Wiley was originally aiming just to get foods labelled to correctly show their additives. However, he concluded that certain chemicals should be banned. The food industry rose in protest. The proposed Food Bill of 1902 failed to even register

1836-456: The presidency of Purdue, allegedly because he was "too young and too jovial", unorthodox in his religious belief, and also a bachelor. Wiley brought to Washington a practical knowledge of agriculture, a sympathetic approach to the problems of agricultural industry and an untapped talent for public relations. After assisting Congress in their earliest questions regarding the safety of the chemical preservatives then being employed in foods, Wiley

1887-533: The public interest. Wiley was offered the position of Chief Chemist in the United States Department of Agriculture by George Loring , the Commissioner of Agriculture, in 1882. Loring was seeking to replace his chemist with someone who would employ a more objective approach to the study of sorghum, whose potential as a sugar source was far from proven. Wiley accepted the offer after being passed over for

1938-699: The son of a lay preacher and farmer, Preston Pritchard Wiley and Lucinda Maxwell. The sixth of seven children, Wiley was raised on a 125-acre farm with a creek that emptied into the Wabash River , a tributary of the Ohio River . Wiley's parents were conductors on the Underground Railroad as the southernmost point in Indiana, across the river from slave-owning Kentucky. He enrolled in nearby Hanover College in 1863 and studied for about one year until he enlisted with

1989-465: Was Dorothy Cottington Taylor who ran the "a highly organised laboratory for testing and investigating every kind of household appliance, method, and recipe" for sixteen years. After the passage of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture Rexford Tugwell sought to promote a government grading system. The Hearst Corporation opposed the policy in spirit, and began publishing

2040-402: Was against the magazine, forcing it to remove some claims and phraseology from its ad pages. The words "Tested and Approved" were dropped from the Seal. But the magazine's popularity was unaffected, steadily rising in circulation and profitability. In 1962, the wording of the Seal was changed to a guarantee of "Product or Performance", while dropping its endorsement of rhetorical promises made by

2091-547: Was an American chemist who advocated successfully for the passage of the landmark Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and subsequently worked at the Good Housekeeping Institute laboratories. He was the first commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration . Wiley’s advocacy for stricter food and drug regulations indirectly contributed to Coca-Cola’s decision to remove cocaine from its formula in

Nathaniel Hill Brick House - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-458: Was appropriated $ 5,000 in 1902 to study the effects of a diet including various preservatives , on human volunteers. These "poison squad" studies drew national attention to the need for a federal food and drug law. These tests were called Hygienic Table Trials. The subjects received $ 5 a month and free food to be systematically poisoned. 12 volunteers were chosen. One additive was added per trial but he struggled to find non-adulterated products to add

2193-502: Was asked by the Indiana State Board of Health to analyze the sugars and syrups on sale in the state to detect any adulteration. He spent his last years at Purdue studying sorghum culture and sugar chemistry, working to help develop a strong domestic sugar industry . His first published paper in 1881 discussed the adulteration of sugar with glucose . Wiley commissioned a medical journalist, Wedderburn, to write out his findings in

2244-424: Was bound to create conflict as Wiley had raised concerns regarding the president's use of saccharin which had been invented by Remsen. This was intended to curb Wiley who had been having large shipments of food and additives condemned. Wiley soon became a crusader and coalition builder in support of national food and drug regulation. His work, and that of Alice Lakey , spurred one million American women to write to

2295-584: Was famed for giving his "seal of approval" to multiple products, a concept which has been widely reused. The idea, which he established, is now known as the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval. Harvey Wiley died at his home in Washington, D.C. , on June 30, 1930, the 24th anniversary of the signing of the Pure Food and Drug law. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery with his wife, Anna Kelton Wiley (1877–1964), whom he married in 1911. His grave

2346-577: Was featured in Good Housekeeping magazine, the December 1968 edition. The house was donated by C.B. Hill, Jr. on Dec. 26, 1975, to the County of Orange, it was entered on the National Register of Historic Places on Jan. 5, 1978, and opened as a museum June 22, 1978. Much of the original design and appointments (including some Chippendale furniture pieces) remain, though improvements have been made. In

2397-420: Was illegal for it to contain caffeine as an additive . Perversely, this was as much as to say that the product ought to have contained cocaine and not caffeine. Still, the case was a landmark in developing standards for truth in labeling. The beverage continued to be brewed, even as of late September 2016, with de-cocaine-ized coca leaves and cola nuts . He remained with Good Housekeeping for 18 years. He

2448-669: Was one of the " Seven Sisters ", a group of women's service magazines, and is one of the three of them still published in print. In 1922, the Hearst Corporation created a British edition along the same lines, named British Good Housekeeping . Famous writers who have contributed to the magazine include A. J. Cronin , Betty Friedan , Frances Parkinson Keyes , Clara Savage Littledale , Edwin Markham , Somerset Maugham , Edna St. Vincent Millay , J. D. Salinger , Evelyn Waugh , and Virginia Woolf . Other contributors include advice columnists , chefs , and politicians . In 1900,

2499-470: Was one of the world's most popular lifestyle magazines. On May 2, 1885, Clark W. Bryan founded Good Housekeeping in Holyoke, Massachusetts , as a fortnightly magazine. The magazine became a monthly publication in 1891. The magazine achieved a circulation of 300,000 by 1911, at which time it was bought by the Hearst Corporation . It topped one million in the mid-1920s, and continued to rise, even during

2550-503: Was opened northwest of the main academic campus. The FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) operations are located in the Harvey W. Wiley Federal Building in College Park, Maryland , which was constructed in 2001 and named after Wiley in 2002. His birthplace near Kent is commemorated with an Indiana historic marker sign placed at the corner of IN-256 and CR-850W. The marker

2601-537: Was sponsored by the Association of Food and Drug Officials and erected in 1981. French State Leaders named him a Chevalier of the Order of the Légion d'honneur in 1909. The Harvey Washington Wiley Distinguished Professor of Chemistry is an honor established through the chemistry department at Purdue University. The position has been occupied since 1997 by Dr. Dale W. Margerum. The home he built at Somerset, Maryland , in 1893,

SECTION 50

#1732856132666
#665334