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24-609: Nahanni Butte ( / n ə ˈ h æ n i / nə- HAN -ee ; Slavey language : Tthenáágó [t̪θɛnáːkó] "strong rock") is a "Designated Authority" in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories , Canada. The community is located at the confluence of the Liard and South Nahanni Rivers in the southwestern part of the NWT. Although it was not normally accessible by road,

48-589: A land area of 79.42 km (30.66 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.0/km (2.6/sq mi) in 2021. In 2016, there were 80 First Nations people and 40 people speak a Slavey language . The Dene of the community are represented by the Nahɂą Dehé Dene Band and belong to the Dehcho First Nations . Slavey language North Slavey is spoken by the Sahtu (North Slavey) people in

72-415: A letter with ogonek, if it is supported by the font encoding, e.g. \k{a} will typeset ą . (The default LaTeX OT1 encoding does not support it, but the newer T1 one does. It may be enabled by saying \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} in the preamble.) However, \k{e} rather places the diacritic "right-aligned" with the carrying e (ę), suitably for Polish, while \textogonekcentered horizontally centers

96-535: A separate phoneme. Prenasalized stops /ᵐb, ⁿd/ may appear in Slavey proper. The most pronounced difference is however the realization of a series of consonants that varies greatly in their place of articulation: In Slavey proper, these are dental affricates and fricatives; comparative Athabaskan work reveals this to be the oldest sound value. Mountain has labials, with the voiceless stop coinciding with pre-existing /p/ . Bearlake has labialized velars, but has lenited

120-452: A symbol similar to an e with ogonek, evolved from a ligature of a and e in medieval scripts, in Latin and Irish palaeography . The O caudata of Old Norse (letter ǫ , with ǫ́ ) is used to write the open-mid back rounded vowel , /ɔ/ . Medieval Nordic manuscripts show this 'hook' in both directions, in combination with several vowels. Despite this distinction, the term 'ogonek'

144-478: A very specific morpheme order in the verb in which the stem must come last. The morpheme order is shown in the following chart. A Slavey verb must minimally have positions 13 and 14 to be proper. Here are some examples: Slavey marks gender by means of prefixation on the verb theme. There are three different genders, one of which is unmarked; the other two are marked by prefixes [go-] and [de-] . However, only certain verb themes allow gender prefixes. [go-]

168-746: A vowel in several Native American languages . It is also placed on the lower right corner of consonants in some Latin transcriptions of various indigenous languages of the Caucasus mountains. An ogonek can also be attached to the bottom of a vowel in Old Norse or Old Icelandic to show length or vowel affection . For example, in Old Norse, ǫ represents the Old Norwegian vowel [ɔ] , which in Old Icelandic merges with ø ‹ö› and in modern Scandinavian languages

192-553: A winter road was constructed yearly until an all-season road was completed in October 2010 as far as the Liard River. Access from there is by river taxi in summer and ice road in winter; there are no plans for a vehicle ferry. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Nahanni Butte had a population of 81 living in 33 of its 39 total private dwellings, a change of -6.9% from its 2016 population of 87 . With

216-464: Is based largely on the way each one pronounces the old Proto-Athapaskan sounds *dz *ts *ts’ *s and *z. The consonant inventories in the dialects of Slavey differ considerably. The table above lists the 30 consonants common to most or all varieties. Hare lacks aspirated affricates (on red background), which have lenited into fricatives, whereas Mountain lacks /w/ (on blue). In addition, for some speakers of Hare, an alveolar flap /ɾ/ has developed into

240-510: Is marked with an acute accent, and low tone is unmarked. Tones are both lexical and grammatical. Lexical: /ɡáh/ 'along' vs. /ɡàh/ 'rabbit' Slavey morphemes have underlying syllable structures in the stems: CV, CVC, CVnC, V, and VC. The prefixes of the stem occur as Cv, CVC, VC, CV, and C. Slavey alphabet (1973) Tone is indicated with an acute accent and the ogonek indicates nasalization. North Slavey alphabet South Slavey alphabet Slavey, like many Athabascan languages, has

264-442: Is nasalized e ; however, ą is nasalized o , not a , because of a vowel shift: ą , originally a long nasal a , turned into a short nasal o when the distinction in vowel quantity disappeared. In Lithuanian, the nosinė (literally, "nasal") mark originally indicated vowel nasalization but around late 17th and early 18th century, nasal vowels gradually evolved into the corresponding long non-nasal vowels in most dialects. Thus,

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288-818: Is represented by the letter å . Example in Polish: Example in Cayuga: Example in Chickasaw: Example in Dogrib: Example in Lithuanian: Example in Elfdalian: The use of the ogonek to indicate nasality is common in the transcription of the indigenous languages of the Americas . This usage originated in the orthographies created by Christian missionaries to transcribe these languages. Later,

312-500: Is sometimes used in discussions of typesetting and encoding Norse texts, as o caudata is typographically identical to o with ogonek. Similarly, the E caudata was sometimes used to designate the Norse vowel [ɛ] or [æ] . The ogonek is functionally equivalent to the cedilla and comma diacritic marks . If two of these three are used within the same orthography their respective use is restricted to certain classes of letters, i.e. usually

336-492: Is used for nouns which mark location in either time or space. Some examples of these areal nouns are house (ko̜̒e̒), land (de̒h), river (deh), and winder (xay). The gender pronoun can be a direct object, an oblique object or a possessor. kú̜e̒ house go detl’e̒h 3SG .paints.area kú̜e̒ go detl’e̒h house 3SG.paints.area 'S/he is painting the house.' ko̜̒e̒ house go cha area.in   shelter ko̜̒e̒ go cha {} house area.in shelter 'in

360-518: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). While the obsolete diacritic has also been identified as the left half ring diacritic ⟨ ◌̜ ⟩, many publications of the IPA used the ogonek. In Rheinische Dokumenta , it marks vowels that are more open than those denoted by their base letters Ää, Oo, Öö. In two cases, it can be combined with umlaut marks. The E caudata ( ę ),

384-571: The Mackenzie District along the middle Mackenzie River from Tulita (Fort Norman) north, around Great Bear Lake , and in the Mackenzie Mountains of the Canadian territory of Northwest Territories . The dialect has around 800 speakers. Northern Slavey is an amalgamation of three separate dialects : South Slavey ( ᑌᓀ ᒐ Dené Dháh , Dene Yatıé or Dene Zhatıé ) is spoken by

408-803: The Slavey people, who were also known as Dehghaot'ine, Deh Cho, Etchareottine - "People Dwelling in the Shelter", in the region of Great Slave Lake , upper Mackenzie River ( Deh Cho - "Big River") and its drainage, in the District of Mackenzie, northeast Alberta , and northwest British Columbia . Some communities are bilingual, with the children learning Slavey at home and English when they enter school. Still other communities are monolingual in Slavey The dialect has around 1,000 speakers. Alternative names: Slavi, Slave, Dené, Mackenzian The division of Slavey dialects

432-402: The cedilla or comma diacritics used in other languages. Because attaching an ogonek does not affect the shape of the base letter, Unicode covers it with a combining diacritic, U+0328. There are a number of precomposed legacy characters, but new ones are not being added to Unicode (e.g. for ⟨æ̨⟩ or ⟨ø̨⟩ ). In LaTeX2e , macro \k will typeset

456-418: The diacritic with respect to the carrier, suitably for Native American Languages as well as for e caudata and o caudata . So \textogonekcentered{e} better fits the latter purposes. Actually, \k{o} (for ǫ) is defined to result in \textogonekcentered{o} , and \k{O} is defined to result in \textogonekcentered{O} . The package TIPA , activated by using the command " \usepackage{tipa} ", offers

480-459: The mark is now de facto an indicator of vowel length (the length of etymologically non-nasal vowels is marked differently or not marked at all). The mark also helps to distinguish different grammatical forms with otherwise the same written form (often with a different word stress, which is not indicated directly in the standard orthography). Between 1927 and 1989, the ogonek denoted lowering in vowels , and, since 1976, in consonants as well, in

504-502: The ogonek is used with vowels whereas the cedilla is applied to consonants. In handwritten text, the marks may even look the same. In Old Norse and Old Icelandic manuscripts, there is an over-hook or curl that may be considered a variant of the ogonek. It occurs on the letters a᷎ e᷎ i᷎ o᷎ ø᷎ u᷎. The ogonek should be almost the same size as a descender (relatively, its size in larger type may be significantly shorter), and should not be confused with

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528-479: The practice was continued by Americanist anthropologists and linguists who still, to the present day, follow this convention in phonetic transcription (see Americanist phonetic notation ). The ogonek is also used to indicate a nasalized vowel in Polish, academic transliteration of Proto-Germanic, Old Church Slavonic , Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, Tłįchǫ Yatiì , Slavey , Dëne Sųłiné and Elfdalian. In Polish, ę

552-470: The shelter of the house' ko̜̒e̒ house go deshįte̒ee area.floor ko̜̒e̒ go deshįte̒ee house area.floor 'floor of the house' Ogonek The ogonek ( / ə ˈ ɡ ɒ n ɛ k , - ə k / ə- GON -ek, -⁠ək ; Polish: [ɔˈɡɔnɛk] , "little tail", diminutive of ogon ) is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European languages, and directly under

576-533: The voiced fricative to coincide with pre-existing /w/ . The most complicated situation is found in Hare, where the plain stop is a labialized velar, the ejective member is replaced by a /ʔw/ sequence, the aspirated affricate has turned into a fricative /f/ , and both the voiceless and voiced fricatives have been lenited to /w/ . The following phonological and phonetic statements apply to all four dialects of Slavey. Slavey has two tones: In Slavey orthography, high tone

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