153-664: The Kingdom of Nagpur was a kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was ruled by the Maratha Bhonsle dynasty in the mid-18th century. The city of Nagpur was the capital of the state. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War , it became a princely state of the British Empire in 1818, and was annexed to British India in 1853 becoming Nagpur Province . The historical record of
306-516: A large art gallery for exhibitions. Town Hall, KVK, Sahid Bhawan, Satabdi Bhawan, and Sarala Bhawan are the prominent auditoriums in the city. The Odia film industry has its base in Cuttack. The Oriya film industry is popularly known as Ollywood , a portmanteau of the words Oriya and Hollywood . In 1974, the Government of Odisha declared film-making and construction of cinema theatres as industry in
459-758: A lot towards the culture and history of modern Odisha. It is rightly called the cultural capital. Cuttack had been the centre of art and literature in the past. Annapurna Theatre is considered the pioneer of the Oriya theatre company. The B-Group of the Annapurna theatre, situated in Buxi Bazar, is also one of the oldest theatres in Odisha. Kala Vikash Kendra in Cuttack is another institution for dance, drama, and music in Odisha. It organises international theatre olympiads annually where artists from different countries participate along with
612-402: A major industry due to the large number of universities, colleges, schools, and coaching centres and caters to the neighbouring districts. The proximity to Paradip Port comes as an added advantage. OSL Group, one of the leading stevedore firms of the country, is headquartered in Cuttack. Cuttack, being the largest business hub of the state, is the nodal point of trade and transport. It also has
765-791: A number of Saraswati Shishu Mandirs and CBSE schools. The prominent public schools are Sai International Residential School (SIRS) , D.A.V. Public School, Sector-6, CDA , L.R.D.A.V Public School, Gandarpur, D.A.V. Public School, Rajabagicha, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya , Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, Mahanadi Vihar, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3, Kendriya Vidyalaya Arc Charbatia, Stewart School , New Stewart School, Delhi Public School Kalinga, St. Xavier's High School , Sri Sathya Sai School, St. Joseph's Girls High School , S.C.B. Medical Public School , Cambridge School , Joharimall High School, Modern Public School, Queen Mary's School etc. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose studied at Stewart School briefly before moving to Ravenshaw Collegiate School. Under
918-817: A political mediator and sought an alliance with Awadh to keep the Marathas out of Rohilkhand. He bound himself to pay on behalf of the Rohillas. However, after he refused to pay, Oudh attacked the Rohillas. Shah Alam II , the Mughal Emperor spent six years in the Allahabad fort and after the capture of Delhi in 1771 by the Marathas, left for his capital under their protection. He was escorted to Delhi by Mahadaji Shinde and left Allahabad in May 1771. During their short stay, Marathas constructed two temples in Allahabad city, one of them being
1071-429: A regiment of irregular cavalry in conjunction with the disaffected Muslims of the city, but was frustrated by the prompt action of the civil authorities, supported by Madras troops from Kamptee . Some of the native officers and two of the leading Muslims of the city were hanged from the ramparts of the fort, and the disturbances ended. The aged princess Baka Bai , widow of Raghoji II , used all her influence in support of
1224-628: A separate treaty on 26 July 1802, supported the new regime. He made a treaty with the British. Also, Yashwant Rao successfully resolved the disputes with Scindia and the Peshwa. He tried to unite the Maratha Confederacy but to no avail. In 1802, the British intervened in Baroda to support the heir to the throne against rival claimants and they signed a treaty with the new Maharaja recognising his independence from
1377-529: A tree branch planted by him after using it as a tooth cleaner still flourishes here, hence the name Daatan Sahib. There are four Jain temples in Cuttack City that were established by Digambar and Swetambar Jain sects who had migrated to Cuttack from Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan . These are situated at Choudhury Bazar, Jaunliapatty, Alamchand Bazar, and Kaji Bazar. Tirthankara images have been installed in these temples. Digambar Jain temple at Choudhury Bazar
1530-511: A truce but this was rejected by Aurangzeb. Rajaram died in 1700 at Sinhagad . His widow, Tarabai , assumed control in the name of her son, Ramaraja (Shivaji II). After Aurangzeb died in 1707, Shahu , the son of Sambhaji (and grandson of Shivaji), was released by Bahadur Shah I , the new Mughal emperor. However, his mother was kept a hostage of the Mughals to ensure that Shahu adhered to the release conditions. Upon release, Shahu immediately claimed
1683-563: A war cost to the Marathas and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees, in addition to returning all the territory captured by Hyder Ali . In 1791–92, large areas of the Maratha Confederacy suffered a massive population loss due to the Doji bara famine . In 1791, irregulars like lamaans and pindaris of the Maratha army raided and looted the temple of Sringeri Shankaracharya , killing and wounding many people, including Brahmins, plundering
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#17328560350861836-503: Is "very high damage risk" from winds and cyclones . The 1999 Odisha cyclone caused major damage to the city, claiming many lives. Cuttack has been ranked 9th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population Cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Dedicated to the Goddess Chandi , the presiding deity of Cuttack. The Cuttack Chandi Temple
1989-494: Is a Cuttack Municipal Corporation , which consists of 59 wards. The city stretches from Phulnakhara in south to Choudwar in north and Kandarpur in east to Naraj in west, while the main city is located at the apex of the Mahanadi River delta. Apart from Mahanadi, four of its distributaries also run through the city. The distributaries include Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Kuakhai, and Birupa, where Kathajodi further has two distributaries,
2142-465: Is a Hindu folk deity of Rajasthan in India. Ramdev is considered to be an incarnation of Krishna. He was said to have had miraculous powers, and his fame reached far and wide. Legend has it that five Pirs from Mecca came to test Ramdev's powers. A holy historical Sikh shrine, the Daatan Sahib Gurdwara, is where the first Sikh Guru, Shree Guru Nanak, halted on his way to Puri. It is believed that
2295-415: Is a five-chambered rekha and pidha shrine. The Vimana is of Pancharatha Rekha style. The doorjambs of the vimana and the bhogomandapa portray sculptures of the navagraha and dvarapalas. The plinth of the temple exhibits sculptures portraying war scenes, elephants and horses in procession, and decorated swans. In the sanctum is a Patal-Phuta Shiva Linga. There is a wooden canopy, possibly added sometime in
2448-450: Is also situated in the S.C.B. Medical College Campus, which provides rehabilitation measures to persons with disabilities, especially spinal injuries. Swami Vivekananda National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SVNIRTAR) is the most prestigious institution in the field of rehabilitation located at Olatpur, 30 km from Cuttack. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel PG Institute of Paediatrics (SVPPIG), popularly known as Sishu Bhawan,
2601-704: Is also the headquarters of the Cuttack district . The name of the city is an anglicised form of the Odia and Sanskrit name Kataka , which literally means The Fort , a reference to the ancient Barabati Fort around which the city initially developed. Cuttack is known as the Millennium City as well as the Silver City due to its history of 1000 years and famous silver filigree works respectively. The Orissa High Court and some other Odisha State Govt. offices are located there, and
2754-612: Is an annex hospital of SCBMCH. It is the largest hospital of its kind in eastern India. Leprosy Home and Hospital near Nuabazar is over 100 years old and is still serving patients. Major hospitals in and around Cuttack are District Headquarters Hospital (City Hospital), Shanti Memorial Hospital, HCG Panda Cancer Hospital, Ashwini Hospital, Sun Hospital, Sabarmati General Hospital, Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital , Heritage Healthcare Hospital, Rotary Eye Hospital, and Melvin Jones Lion's Eye Hospital, among others. Schools in Cuttack are either run by
2907-502: Is as follows- When the children fall asleep, silence sets in, the Bargis come to our lands Bulbuls have eaten the grains, how shall I pay the nawab's tax demands. Mahadaji Shinde , a distinguished Maratha general from the Shinde royal clan, focused his attention on European artillery and secured the services of the noted Frenchman Benoît de Boigne who had received training from the best of
3060-423: Is characterised by mild temperatures and occasional showers. The winter months feature chilly northerly winds, which bring down the temperature to around 15 °C, though the bright sunshine helps maintain the pleasant weather. Temperatures may exceed 45 °C at the height of summer and may fall below 10 °C in winter. The highest recorded temperature is 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) recorded on 2 May 1957, and
3213-409: Is famous for its silver filigree works, and only because of these works it is also known as the silver city of India. Cuttack is also famous for its handicraft works using cows and mostly Buffalo horn. Cuttack has only one retail store for horn items named Utkal Gaurab Madhusudhan Horn Work. It was greatly contributed by the late Kalandi Charana Behera. Generally, the horn of dead cattle is used, and it
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#17328560350863366-516: Is hot and humid. The temperature around this season is 35 °C to 40 °C. Thunderstorms are common at the height of the summer. The monsoon months are from July to October, when the city receives most of its rainfall from the South West Monsoon. The annual rainfall is around 1,597.9 millimetres (159.79 cm). Temperatures are considerably lower during the rainy season, averaging around 30 °C. The winter season from November to February
3519-515: Is located in proximity to the banks of the Mahanadi River. It is famous for its annual Durga Puja and Kali Puja festivals. The Durga Puja festivities are prominent in Maa Katak Chandi temple, which takes place for 16 days starting from the dark fortnight of Ashwina Krishna Ashtami till Ashwina Shukla Navami and Vijayadashami. The goddess, popularly called Maa Kataka Chandi , sits and rules in
3672-526: Is performed by licensed craftsmen only. This peculiar artefact is limited to Cuttack only, and anything of such kind is found nowhere else in the world. These fine and unique handicraft works add significantly to the local economy. There are 11 large-scale industries in and around Cuttack, mostly in Choudwar and Athagarh , and many more in the pipeline. These industries include steel, power, automobiles, alloys, and fireclay. Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys (IMFA),
3825-512: Is referred to as a city with Baaban Bazaar, Teppan Galee , i.e., this is the city of 52 markets and 53 streets, which is told by people of Odisha for the largeness of this city. Naranpur is another satellite township coming up in Trishulia, on the other side of the Kathajodi River . Cuttack experiences a tropical wet and dry climate . The summer season is from March to June, when the climate
3978-435: Is situated here. Apart from it, many other courts and tribunals have their offices in the city. Cuttack also houses a circle jail at Choudwar. Electricity is supplied by the state-operated Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha , or CESU. Fire services are handled by the state agency Odisha Fire Service . Drinking water is sourced from the underground wells and Mahanadi River. Water supply and sewerage are handled by
4131-564: Is widely used for commercial purposes. Most of the banners are written in Odia and English . The City of Cuttack is administered by the Cuttack Municipal Corporation. CMC was established as a municipality on 4 June 1876 and was named as a corporation on 15 August 1994. This corporation covers an area of 192.5 km . The CMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the Metropolitan City. The Mayor heads
4284-665: The Adil Shahi dynasty and the Mughals to carve out a kingdom with Raigad as his capital. The religious attitude of Emperor Aurangzeb estranged non-Muslims , and the Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury and eventually ensured Maratha ascendency and their control over sizeable portions of former Mughal dominions in the north of the Indian subcontinent. After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Shivaji's grandson Shahu under
4437-533: The British Raj as princely states that retained internal sovereignty under British paramountcy. Other small princely states of Maratha knights were retained under the British Raj as well. Cuttack Cuttack ( / ˈ k ʌ t ə k / , or officially Kataka in Odia [ˈkɔʈɔkɔ] ), is the former capital, deputy capital and the 2nd largest city of the Indian state of Odisha . It
4590-572: The Chhatrapati of the Marathas. Balaji also gained the release of Shahu's mother, Yesubai , from Mughal captivity in 1719. During Shahu's reign, Raghoji Bhonsle expanded the kingdom eastwards. Khanderao Dabhade and later his son, Triambakrao, expanded it Westwards into Gujarat. Peshwa Bajirao and his three chiefs, Pawar ( Dhar ), Holkar ( Indore ), and Scindia ( Gwalior ) expanded it northwards. Shahu appointed Balaji Vishwanath as Peshwa in 1713. Balaji Vishwanath's first major achievement
4743-669: The Cuttack Municipal Corporation or by private trusts and individuals. The Odia medium schools in Cuttack are affiliated to the Board of Secondary Education, Odisha whilst the English medium affiliated to either ICSE or the CBSE . Apart from English and Odia medium schools, certain Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, Bengali and Telugu medium schools are also present in Cuttack. Ravenshaw Collegiate School ,
Kingdom of Nagpur - Misplaced Pages Continue
4896-606: The First Anglo-Maratha War ended in 1782 with a restoration of the pre-war status quo and the East India Company's abandonment of Raghunathrao's cause. In 1799, Yashwantrao Holkar was crowned King of the Holkars and he captured Ujjain. He started campaigning towards the north to expand his dominion in that region. Yashwant Rao rebelled against the policies of Peshwa Baji Rao II . In May 1802, he marched towards Pune
5049-576: The Holkars of Indore and Scindias of Gwalior . Light cavalry mercenaries called Bargi were employed by the Bhonsles during the brutal Maratha invasions of Bengal . The Bargi mercenaries led by the general Bhaskar Pandit into Bengal caused so much destruction that lullabies were composed in which mothers would use the fear of a Maratha raid to get their children to go to sleep. These poems are popular amongst Bengalis even today, one traditional song translated
5202-460: The Hooghly River and during their occupation of western Bengal , the Marathas perpetrated atrocities against the local population. The Maratha atrocities were recorded by both Bengali and European sources, which reported that the Marathas demanded payments, and tortured or killed anyone who couldn't pay. Raghuji was able to annex Odisha to his kingdom permanently as he successfully exploited
5355-691: The Keshari dynasty . As stated by the historian Andrew Stirling, present-day Cuttack was established as a military cantonment by king Nrupa Keshari of the Keshari dynasty in 989 CE. Stirling based his opinion on the Madala Panji , a chronicle of the Jagannatha temple of Puri . The reign of Maharaja Markata Keshari was distinguished for the stone embank built to protect the new capital from flooding in 1002 CE. Historical and archaeological evidence suggests Cuttack became
5508-612: The Matrubhasha . Cuttack is the healthcare hub of Odisha. Millions of people from different parts of Odisha and other states throng to the city with the hope of better medical facilities. Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College (SCBMCH) , the largest medical college of the state, is located in Cuttack. The Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre (AHRCC), the only one of its kind in Eastern India, carries out high-end research and treatment in cancer. The Regional Spinal Injury Centre (RSIC)
5661-522: The Portuguese and Chikka Deva Raya of Mysore . To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb headed south in 1681. With his entire imperial court, administration and an army of about 500,000 troops, he proceeded to expand the Mughal empire, gaining territories such as the sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda . During the eight years that followed, Sambhaji led
5814-500: The Public Health Engineering Organisation . State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited , or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among them Vodafone , Bharti Airtel , Jio , and Idea Cellular , are the leading telephone, cell phone, and Internet service providers in the city. Cuttack has the largest number of NGOs, charitable organisations, orphanages, old age homes and destitute homes than anywhere else in
5967-683: The Raja of Baroda of the House of Gaekwad , the Raja of Indore of the House of Holkar , and the Raja of Nagpur of the House of Bhonsle , (in order of territory and jurisdiction they hold), while the Peshwa's dominions included the territories that later became the Bombay Province and Central Provinces . After he was defeated by the Holkar dynasty in 1802, the Peshwa Baji Rao II sought protection from
6120-603: The Rohillas and the Nawab of Oudh to assist him in driving out the Marathas from Delhi. Huge armies of Muslim forces and Marathas collided with each other on 14 January 1761 in the Third Battle of Panipat . The Maratha Army lost the battle, which halted their imperial expansion. The Jats and Rajputs did not support the Marathas. Historians have criticised the Maratha treatment of fellow Hindu groups. Kaushik Roy says, "The treatment by
6273-781: The Scindia Dynasty of the Maratha Confederacy, as Mahadaji Shinde was deputed the Vakil-i-Mutlaq (Regent of the empire) of Mughal affairs in 1784. Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1806, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington drafted a treaty granting independence to the Sikh clans east of the Sutlej River in exchange for their allegiance to the British General Gerard Lake acting on his dispatch. At
Kingdom of Nagpur - Misplaced Pages Continue
6426-598: The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) resulted in the loss of Maratha independence. It left the British in control of most of the Indian subcontinent. The Peshwa was exiled to Bithoor (Marat, near Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh ) as a pensioner of the British. The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, except the states of Kolhapur and Satara , which retained local Maratha rulers (descendants of Shivaji and Sambhaji II ruled over Kolhapur). The Maratha-ruled states of Gwalior, Indore, and Nagpur all lost territory and came under subordinate alliances with
6579-702: The Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon to the British East India Company leading to the Company rule in India . In 1788, Mahadaji's armies defeated Ismail Beg , a Mughal noble who resisted the Marathas. The Rohilla chief Ghulam Kadir , Ismail Beg's ally, took over Delhi, capital of the Mughal dynasty and deposed and blinded the king Shah Alam II, placing a puppet on the Delhi throne. Mahadaji intervened and killed him, taking possession of Delhi on 2 October restoring Shah Alam II to
6732-551: The Tungabhadra river. The strong fort of Gwalior was then in the hands of Chhatar Singh , the Jat ruler of Gohad . In 1783, Mahadaji besieged the fort of Gwalior and conquered it. He delegated the administration of Gwalior to Khanderao Hari Bhalerao. After celebrating the conquest of Gwalior, Mahadaji Shinde turned his attention to Delhi again. The Maratha-Sikh treaty in 1785 made the small Cis-Sutlej states an autonomous protectorate of
6885-403: The undivided Cuttack district is famous for cooking tasty delicacies and sweets. Cuttack is famous for its Durga Puja , which is one of the most important festivals of Odisha . Being the favourite destination of poets and artists, it is also a cultural hub of Odisha. Due to its beauty, the term Kataka Nagara Dhabala Tagara is coined for it. The city is categorised as a Tier II city as per
7038-480: The 10+2+3/4 plan, students complete ten years of schooling and then enroll for two years in junior college, where they select one of three streams: arts, commerce, or science. This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study, or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering, and medicine. Most of the colleges in the city are affiliated to the Council of Higher Secondary Education. Some of
7191-613: The Bhau or Bhao in sources) responded to the news of the Afghans' return to North India by sending a large army north. Bhau's force was bolstered by some Maratha forces under Holkar , Scindia , Gaekwad and Govind Pant Bundele with Suraj Mal . The combined army of over 50,000 regular troops re-captured the former Mughal capital, Delhi, from an Afghan garrison in August 1760. Delhi had been reduced to ashes many times due to previous invasions, and there
7344-579: The British East India Company , whose intervention destroyed the confederacy by 1818 after the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars . The stable borders of the confederacy after 1737 extended from modern-day Maharashtra in the south to Gwalior in the north after the Battle of Bhopal (1737), to Orissa in the east or about a third of the subcontinent. The Maratha Confederacy is also referred to as
7497-657: The British conquer Mysore in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799. After the British conquest, however, the Marathas launched frequent raids in Mysore to plunder the region, which they justified as compensation for past losses to Tipu Sultan. In 1775, the British East India Company , from its base in Bombay, intervened in a succession struggle in Pune, on behalf of Raghunathrao (also called Raghobadada), who wanted to become Peshwa of
7650-466: The British, and by her example kept the Maratha districts loyal. Though Marathas constituted 30% of the total army, they deployed families across the region that were the main task force in the expansion of Maratha Empire in Gondwana and Northern region. As a part of that, the Bhonsles raised two infantry brigades with modern military training, however without guidance of European officers. They extensively employed Pindaris and silently supported them like
7803-402: The English and the Marathas did not fare well at the Battle of Ramghat. The Maratha and British armies fought in Ram Ghat, but the sudden demise of the Peshwa and the civil war in Pune to choose the next Peshwa forced the Marathas to retreat. Madhavrao Peshwa 's victory over the Nizam of Hyderabad and Hyder Ali of Mysore in southern India established Maratha dominance in the Deccan. On
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#17328560350867956-407: The European military schools. Following suit, the Bhosales and other Maratha chiefs also raised French-trained artillery battalions. 21°09′N 79°05′E / 21.15°N 79.09°E / 21.15; 79.09 Maratha Confederacy The Maratha Confederacy , also referred to as the Maratha Empire , was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent . It comprised
8109-419: The Maratha Confederacy in return for his acknowledgement of British paramountcy. Before the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805), the Peshwa Baji Rao II signed a similar treaty. The defeat in the Battle of Delhi, 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War resulted in the loss of influence over Delhi for the Marathas. The Second Anglo-Maratha War represents the military high-water mark of the Marathas who posed
8262-459: The Maratha Empire. Historian Barbara Ramusack notes, "neither term is fully accurate since one implies a substantial degree of centralisation and the other signifies some surrender of power to a central government and a longstanding core of political administrators". Although at present, the word Maratha refers to a traditionally Marathi peasantry group, in the past the word has been used to describe all Marathi people . Shivaji (1630–1680)
8415-408: The Maratha alliance at Agra before the start of the great battle and withdrew their troops as Maratha general Sadashivrao Bhau did not heed the advice to leave soldiers' families (women and children) and pilgrims at Agra and not take them to the battlefield with the soldiers, rejected their co-operation. Their supply chains (earlier assured by Raja Suraj Mal ) did not exist. Peshwa Madhavrao I
8568-414: The Maratha throne and challenged his aunt Tarabai and her son. The spluttering Mughal-Maratha war became a three-cornered affair. This resulted in two rival seats of government being set up in 1707 at Satara and Kolhapur by Shahu and Tarabai respectively. Shahu appointed Balaji Vishwanath as his Peshwa. The Peshwa was instrumental in securing Mughal recognition of Shahu as the rightful heir of Shivaji and
8721-399: The Marathas between 1737 and 1803. Although Shivaji came from the Maratha community , the Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from the Maratha and several other Marathi groups from what is known today as Maharashtra . Shivaji's monarchy was initially referred to as the Maratha Kingdom , which expanded into a large realm in the 18th century under
8874-427: The Marathas of their co-religionist fellows – Jats and Rajputs was definitely unfair and ultimately had to pay its price in Panipat where Muslim forces had united in the name of religion." The Marathas had antagonised the Jats and Rajputs by taxing them heavily, punishing them after defeating the Mughals and interfering in their internal affairs. The Marathas were abandoned by Raja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur , who quit
9027-481: The Marathas successfully against the Mughals. In early 1689, Sambhaji called his commanders for a strategic meeting at Sangameshwar to consider an onslaught on the Mughal forces. In a meticulously planned operation, Ganoji and Aurangzeb's commander, Mukarrab Khan, attacked Sangameshwar when Sambhaji was accompanied by just a few men. Sambhaji was ambushed and captured by the Mughal troops on 1 February 1689. He and his advisor, Kavi Kalash , were taken to Bahadurgad by
9180-500: The Marathas were now major players. After the 1758 Battle of Attock , the Marathas captured Peshawar defeating the Afghan troops in the Battle of Peshawar on 8 May 1758. Just prior to the battle of Panipat in 1761, the Marathas looted "Diwan-i-Khas" or Hall of Private Audiences in the Red Fort of Delhi, which was the place where the Mughal emperors used to receive courtiers and state guests, in one of their expeditions to Delhi. The Marathas who were hard pressed for money stripped
9333-489: The Mughals from the invasion of the Marathas, but was defeated decisively in the Battle of Bhopal . The Marathas extracted a large tribute from the Mughals and signed a treaty which ceded Malwa to the Marathas. The Battle of Vasai was fought between the Marathas and the Portuguese rulers of Vasai , a village lying on the northern shore of Vasai creek, 50 km north of Mumbai . The Marathas were led by Chimaji Appa , brother of Baji Rao. The Maratha victory in this war
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#17328560350869486-420: The Mughals to defend his kingdom. He was crowned as Chhatrapati (sovereign) of the new Maratha Kingdom in 1674. The Maratha dominion under him comprised about 4.1% of the subcontinent, but it was spread over large tracts. At the time of his death, it was reinforced with about 300 forts, and defended by about 40,000 cavalries, and 50,000 soldiers, as well as naval establishments along the west coast. Over time,
9639-411: The Nagpur kingdom begins in the early 18th century, when it formed part of the Gond Kingdom of Deogarh . Bakht Buland Shah , the ruler of Deogarh, visited Delhi and afterwards was determined to encourage the development of his own kingdom. To this end he invited Hindu and Muslim artisans and cultivators to settle in the plains country, and founded the city of Nagpur. His successor, Chand Sultan, continued
9792-491: The Portuguese Viceroy was killed in action by the Maratha Army in Goa. After the successful campaign of Karnataka and the Trichinopolly , Raghuji returned from Karnataka. He undertook six expeditions into Bengal from 1741 to 1748. The resurgent Maratha Confederacy launched brutal raids against the prosperous Bengali state in the 18th century , which further added to the decline of the Nawabs of Bengal. During their invasions and occupation of Bihar and western Bengal up to
9945-399: The Raja of Jaipur but withdrew after the inconclusive Battle of Lalsot in 1787. The Battle of Gajendragad was fought between the Marathas under the command of Tukojirao Holkar (the adopted son of Malharrao Holkar) and Tipu Sultan from March 1786 to March 1787 in which Tipu Sultan was defeated by the Marathas. By the victory in this battle, the border of the Maratha territory was extended to
10098-456: The Sringeri temple continued for many years, and he was still writing to the Swami in the 1790s. The Maratha Confederacy soon allied with the British East India Company (based in the Bengal Presidency ) against Mysore in the Anglo-Mysore Wars . After the British had suffered a defeat against Mysore in the first two Anglo-Mysore Wars, the Maratha cavalry assisted the British in the last two Anglo-Mysore Wars from 1790 onwards, eventually helping
10251-413: The State Legislative Assembly, viz., Barabati-Cuttack , Choudwar-Cuttack , and Cuttack Sadar . The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate , under the control of the Commissioner of Police, looks after the law enforcement in Cuttack. Cuttack has 25 police stations in the city. The headquarters of the state police are situated in Cuttack. Cuttack is the judicial capital of Odisha, as the High Court
10404-408: The Terai whence the remaining Sardar Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech sought assistance in an agreement formed with the Nawab of Oudh , Shuja-ud-Daula, by which the Rohillas agreed to pay four million rupees in return for military help against the Marathas. Hafiz Rehmat, abhorring unnecessary violence, unlike the outlook of his fellow Rohillas such as Ali Muhammad and Najib Khan, prided himself on his role as
10557-469: The Top cities of India. Around 89.65% of the city's population are Hindus , while Muslims account for 8.23%, and the rest constitute 2% of the total population. Cuttack has the largest population of Christians in the state. Odia is the primary language used in the city, besides which English and Hindi may be spoken and understood. There are people who also speak Santali , Bengali , Marwari , Telugu , Gujarati , Punjabi , Urdu , etc. English
10710-406: The Twin Cities of Odisha. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.862 million in 2018. Cuttack is characterised by a maze of streets, lanes, and by-lanes, which have given it the nickname of a city with Bauna Bazaar, Tepana Galee , i.e., 52 markets and 53 streets, but some localities such as Jobra Colony, Markatnagar (C.D.A.) and Mahanadi Vihar are planned localities of
10863-423: The aid of Raghuji Bhonsla . Akbar Shah was driven into exile and finally poisoned at Hyderabad . However this time, Ragoji Bhonsle did not have the heart to leave such a plentiful and rich country, with it being within his grasp. He declared himself 'protector' of the Gond king. Thus in 1743, Burhan Shah was practically made a state pensionary, with real power being in the hands of the Maratha ruler. After this event
11016-399: The area of cultivation and revenue continued to increase under a fairly equitable and extremely simple system of government. After the treaty of Deogaon, however, all this changed. Raghoji II was deprived of a third of his territories, and he attempted to make up the loss of revenue from the remainder. The villages were mercilessly rack-rented , and many new taxes imposed. The pay of the troops
11169-545: The aristocracy. After the death of Peshwa Madhavrao I , various chiefs and jagirdars became de facto rulers and regents for the infant Peshwa Madhavrao II . Under the leadership of Mahadaji Shinde, the ruler of the state of Gwalior in central India, the Marathas defeated the Jats, the Rohilla Afghans and took Delhi which remained under Maratha control for the next three decades. His forces conquered modern day Haryana. Shinde
11322-531: The battles of Sira and Madgiri. He also rescued the last queen of the Keladi Nayaka Kingdom , who had been kept in confinement by Hyder Ali in the fort of Madgiri. In early 1771, ten years after the collapse of Maratha authority over North India following the Third Battle of Panipat, Mahadaji Shinde recaptured Delhi and installed Shah Alam II as a puppet ruler on the Mughal throne receiving in return
11475-528: The capital of a kingdom founded by Raja Anangabhimadeva III of the Ganga dynasty in 1211 CE. After the end of Ganga rule, Odisha passed to the hands of the Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty (1434–1541 CE), under whom Cuttack continued to be the capital of Odisha. After the death of Raja Mukunda deva, the last Hindu king of Orissa , Cuttack first came under Muslim rule and later under Mughals , who made Cuttack
11628-409: The ceiling of Diwan-i-Khas of its silver and looted the shrines dedicated to Muslim maulanas. During the Maratha invasion of Rohilkhand in the 1750s The Marathas defeated the Rohillas, forced them to seek shelter in hills and ransacked their country in such a manner that the Rohillas dreaded the Marathas and hated them ever afterwards. In 1760, the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau (referred to as
11781-514: The cession of Cuttack . Chanda , Chhattisgarh , and Sambalpur were added to his dominions between 1745 and 1755, the year of his death. His successor Janoji Bhonsle took part in the wars between the Peshwa and the Nizam of Hyderabad . After he had in turn betrayed both of them, they united against him and sacked and burnt Nagpur in 1765. On Janoji's death on 21 May 1772, his brothers fought for
11934-561: The chaotic conditions prevailing in Bengal after the death of its governor Murshid Quli Khan in 1727. Constantly harassed by the Bhonsles, Odisha, Bengal and parts of Bihar were economically ruined. Alivardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal made peace with Raghuji in 1751 ceding Cuttack (Odisha) up to the river Subarnarekha, and agreeing to pay Rs. 1.2 million annually as the Chauth for Bengal and Bihar. Balaji Bajirao encouraged agriculture, protected
12087-505: The city is the judiciary capital of Odisha. It is the commercial capital of Odisha, which hosts many trading and business houses in and around the city. The city is famous for strongly holding the sense of fraternity and brotherhood . The city is famous in Orissa for some types of food , such as the Thunkapuri , Dahibara , Lassi , various kinds of Chat etc. Amongst all districts in Orissa,
12240-404: The city renowned nationally and internationally. The Paradip Port , which is around 85 km from the city, facilitates this process. The city is one of the largest hubs for textiles in eastern India. The city's annual textile trade generates over a billion dollars of revenue. A large textile park is planned, giving a facelift to the erstwhile Orissa Textile Mills in the city outskirts. Cuttack
12393-415: The city. The name Cuttack is an anglicised form of Kataka ( Odia : କଟକ) which is derived from Sanskrit , meaning capital, fort and military establishment, or a cantonment. The city was known as Bidanasi Kataka (meaning Bidanasi Military Base) during the days when Barabati Fort was in existence. Bidanasi is now one of the localities of the city. The earliest written history of Cuttack may go back to
12546-422: The city. A large chunk of these serve as ancillary industries for the big industrial houses in Odisha and other states. Being the former capital and now the partial capital of the state and a big business hub, many central and state government and corporate offices are in Cuttack. The service sector is quite large. The people of nearby districts are heavily dependent on the city for their livelihood, contributing to
12699-613: The conclusion of the war, the frontier of British India was extended to the Yamuna. Mahadaji Shinde had conquered Rania , Fatehabad and Sirsa from the governor of Hissar. Haryana then came under the Marathas. He divided Haryana into four territories: Delhi (Mughal emperor Shah Alam II , his family and areas surrounding Delhi), Panipat (Karnal, Sonepat, Kurukshetra and Ambala), Hisar (Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad, parts of Rohtak), Ahirwal (Gurugram, Rewari, Narnaul, Mahendragarh) and Mewat. Daulat Rao Scindia ceded Haryana on 30 December 1803 under
12852-438: The confederacy. The British also wanted to end any potential anti-British, French-Maratha alliance at its crib. Maratha forces under Tukojirao Holkar and Mahadaji Shinde defeated a British expeditionary force at the Battle of Wadgaon , but the heavy surrender terms, which included the return of annexed territory and a share of revenues, were disavowed by the British authorities at Bengal and fighting continued. What became known as
13005-532: The country's largest producer of ferrous alloys , is in Choudwar, Cuttack. A mega-auto complex is in implementation stages on the city's outskirts. Cuttack occupies a very significant place in the logistics map of the country. The number of medium- and small-scale industries concentrated around Cuttack is by far the largest among the cities in the state. The industrial estates in and around Cuttack number around eight. Jagatpur and Khapuria are industrial estates inside
13158-480: The death of Saadat Khan by the Marathas and was forced to flee to the camp of Shuja-ud-Daula and his country was ravaged by Marathas. Mahadaji Shinde captured the family of Zabita Khan, desecrated the grave of Najib ad-Dawlah and looted his fort. With the fleeing of the Rohillas, the rest of the country was burnt, with the exception of the city of Amroha, which was defended by some thousands of Amrohi Sayyid tribes. The Rohillas who could offer no resistance fled to
13311-464: The development of the country, and moved his capital to Nagpur. After the death of Chand Sultan, the Bhonsles took over the control of the kingdom. After Chand Sultan 's death in 1739, there were quarrels over the succession, leading to the throne being usurped by Wali Shah, an illegitimate son of Bakht Buland Shah . Chand Sultan's widow invoked the aid of the Maratha leader Raghuji Bhonsle of Berar in
13464-533: The early 10th and 11th centuries. The island is connected to the mainland on the other side by a suspension bridge, which is the first and only of its kind in the state. Paramhansa Nath Temple, Biribat built, 11th A.D., 4 km from the Cuttack-Paradeep Road. This is situated right on the banks of the River Kathajodi. Another hidden gem of Katak, and it has been standing upright 80 feet for 1000 years. This
13617-573: The famous Alopi Devi Mandir . After reaching Delhi in January 1772 and realising the Maratha intent of territorial encroachment, however, Shah Alam ordered his general Najaf Khan to drive them out. In retaliation, Tukoji Rao Holkar and Visaji Krushna Biniwale attacked Delhi and defeated Mughal forces in 1772. The Marathas were granted an imperial sanad for Kora and Allahabad. They turned their attention to Oudh to gain these two territories. Shuja was, however, unwilling to give them up and made appeals to
13770-498: The former being the state's second four-screen multiplex after its Bhubaneswar branch. Odisha's First Cinema Hall marks its beginning from Cuttack. In 1926, a mobile cinema hall named Chameria Cinema Company showed films. Thereafter, Annapurna Theatre came into existence. In 1932, Hallmuk Cinema Hall marked its beginning at Tinkonia Bagicha. Movies like Harischandra and Odia's first movie, Sita Bibaha , were screened at this cinema hall in 1934. Another cinema hall named Capital Cinema
13923-500: The head of the delta formed between the tributary Kathajodi river and the main river Mahanadi has come up by the name of Markat Nagar (popularly known as CDA by the local residents), which is spread across 2000 acres. CDA has 15 sectors out of which 11 are residential and has a population of around 150,000. Jagatpur and Mahanadi Vihar are the other two townships in the city. Mahanadi Vihar is the first satellite city project in Odisha . Cuttack
14076-487: The heart of the ancient city. Gada Chandi Temple, situated within the premises of the Barabati Fort , is one of the oldest temples in Cuttack and is believed to be the older temple of Cuttack Chandi before her shift to the present Cuttack Chandi Temple. Dedicated to the worship of Lord Shiva, Dhabaleswar Temple is situated on an exotic island in the Mahanadi River and is embellished with stone carvings that date back to
14229-551: The history of the Gond kingdom of Deogarh is not recorded. A series of Maratha rulers came to power following the fall of the Gonds from the throne of Nagpur , starting with Raghoji Bhonsle . Bold and decisive in action, Raghoji was the archetype of a Maratha leader; he saw in the troubles of other states an opening for his own ambition, and did not even require a pretext for plunder and invasion. Twice his armies invaded Bengal, and he obtained
14382-584: The imperial army, where they were executed by the Mughals on 21 March 1689. Aurangzeb had charged Sambhaji with attacks by Maratha forces on Burhanpur . Upon Sambhaji's death, his half-brother Rajaram ascended the throne. The Mughal siege of Raigad continued, and he had to flee to Vishalgad and then to Gingee for safety. From there, the Marathas raided Mughal territory, and many forts were recaptured by Maratha commanders such as Santaji Ghorpade , Dhanaji Jadhav , Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi , Shankaraji Narayan Sacheev and Melgiri Pandit. In 1697, Rajaram offered
14535-425: The interest of her sons Akbar Shah and Burhan Shah. Wali Shah was put to death and the rightful heirs placed on the throne. Raghoji I Bhonsle was sent back to Berar with a plentiful bounty for his aid. The Maratha general judged that Nagpur must be a plentiful and rich country by the magnificence of his reward. However, dissensions continued between the brothers and once again, the elder brother Burhan Shah requested
14688-455: The kingdom would increase in size and heterogeneity; by the time of his grandson's rule, and later under the Peshwas in the early 18th century, it became a vast realm. Shivaji had two sons: Sambhaji and Rajaram , who had different mothers and were half-brothers. In 1681, Sambhaji succeeded to the crown after his father's death and resumed his expansionist policies. Sambhaji had earlier defeated
14841-884: The largest wholesale commodities market of the state at Malgodown, and Chhatra Bazaar caters to the whole state. Cuttack has a Doordarshan centre that telecasts Odia programs. The Cuttack station of All India Radio started post-independence in 1948 and broadcasts programs in AM as well as FM bandwidth, catering to the whole state . At present, Cuttack has six local radio stations broadcasting on FM , including two from AIR. The private FM stations include 91.9 Sarthak FM, BIG 92.7 FM, RED 93.5 FM, and Radio Choklate 104 FM. Among several print media houses located at Cuttack, Oriya newspapers published here include The Samaja (founded by Utkala Mani Gopabandhu Das), Prajatantra (founded by Harekrushna Mahatab, former Chief Minister of Odisha and former Governor of Maharashtra ), Sambad , Dharitri , and
14994-470: The last serious opposition to the formation of the British Raj . The real contest for India was never a single decisive battle for the subcontinent, rather, it turned on a complex social and political struggle for the control of the South Asian military economy. The victory in 1803 hinged as much on finance, diplomacy, politics and intelligence as it did on battlefield manoeuvring and war itself. Ultimately,
15147-411: The leadership of Peshwa Bajirao I . The Marathas were a Marathi -speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra ) who rose to prominence by establishing Hindavi Swarajya (meaning "self-rule of Hindus"). The Marathas became prominent in the politics of the Indian subcontinent during the seventeenth century under the leadership of Shivaji , who revolted against
15300-510: The leadership of Peshwa Bajirao revived Maratha power and confided a great deal of authority to the Bhat family, who became hereditary peshwas ( prime ministers ). After he died in 1749, they became the effective rulers. The leading Maratha families – Scindia, Holkar, Bhonsle, and Gaekwad – extended their conquests in northern and central India and became more independent and difficult to control. The Marathas' rapid expansion
15453-559: The local artists. Sarala Sahitya Sansad, Utkal Sahitya Samaj, and Marwari Yuva Manch are some other organisations contributing to the rich culture of Odisha. Cuttack has been the seat of various literary activities, and many notable writers and poets lived and worked here. There are many old libraries in Cuttack, including the first library of the state, Kanika Library at Ravenshaw University, Biswanath Pandit Central Library, Odisha Urdu Library, Madhusudan Library, PK Padhihari Pathagara, Bakul Library, and Biren Mitra Library. CMC Sahid Bhawan has
15606-527: The lowest is 5.8 °C (42.4 °F) recorded on 7 January 1986. Due to its proximity to the coast, the city is prone to cyclones from the Bay of Bengal . One such cyclone struck Cuttack in 1971 , resulting in more than 10,000 deaths in the state. The Bureau of Indian Standards places the city inside seismic zone III on a scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes. The United Nations Development Programme reports that there
15759-606: The major Maratha powers jointly fighting Nizam's forces. The Marathas came into conflict with Tipu Sultan and his Kingdom of Mysore , leading to the Maratha–Mysore War in 1785. The war ended in 1787 with Tipu Sultan being defeated by the Marathas. The Maratha-Mysore war ended in April 1787 following the finalizing of the treaty of Gajendragad , as per which the Tipu Sultan of Mysore was obligated to pay 4.8 million rupees as
15912-441: The mask pattern was conducted in his presence at Binod Behari Devi Mandap. The remains of the old moated Barabati Fort still exist in the heart of Cuttack. Cuttack is located at 20°31′23″N 085°47′17″E / 20.52306°N 85.78806°E / 20.52306; 85.78806 and has an average elevation of 36 metres (118 ft). The city is spread across an area of 192.5 km (74 sq mi). The city
16065-528: The mid-15th or 16th century. Other deities around the temple are Parvati, Kartikeya, and Ganesh. A big bull figure and Rama-abhisekha images are found on the northern wall of the temple. Two Vishnu images are found on the outer walls of the temple. Built by the Somavanshi Dynasty. The temple is located beside the Cuttack–Bhubaneswar national highway. It is built entirely of white marble. Ramdev Pir
16218-652: The monastery of all its valuable possessions, and desecrating the temple by displacing the image of goddess Sāradā . The incumbent Shankaracharya petitioned Tipu Sultan for help. A bunch of about 30 letters written in Kannada , which were exchanged between Tipu Sultan's court and the Sringeri Shankaracharya were discovered in 1916 by the Director of Archaeology in Mysore . Tipu Sultan expressed his indignation and grief at
16371-467: The municipal corporation and the municipal commissioner is head of the executive arm. A municipal commissioner is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the state government. Subhash Chandra Singh is the first directly elected mayor of Cuttack and holds executive power in the Municipal Corporation. Cuttack City is divided into three constituencies, which are represented at
16524-577: The news of the raid: People who have sinned against such a holy place are sure to suffer the consequences of their misdeeds at no distant date in this Kali age in accordance with the verse: "Hasadbhih kriyate karma rudadbhir-anubhuyate" (People do [evil] deeds smilingly but suffer the consequences crying). Tipu Sultan immediately ordered the Asaf of Bednur to supply the Swami with 200 rahati s ( fanam s) in cash and other gifts and articles. Tipu Sultan's interest in
16677-454: The north across the Birupa River, while in the east it begins at Kandarpur and runs west as far as Naraj. Four rivers, including Mahanadi and its distributaries Kathajodi , Kuakhai and, Birupa, run through the city. Further Kathajodi is distributed into Devi and Biluakhai, which often makes the geographical area look like fibrous roots. Cuttack and Bhubaneswar are often referred to as
16830-692: The oldest school of Odisha which proudly boasts many eminent personalities in its alumni including Netaji Subash Chandra Bose , Biju Patnaik , Harekrushna Mahatab , etc. Its situated in Cuttack. Some of the other prominent Odia medium schools of the city include Secondary Board High School , Jobra High School , Ravenshaw Girls High School , Ranihat High School, Nua Bazar High School, Odisha Police High School, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Higher Studies and Research Matrubhaban , Christ Collegiate School, Kamalakanta Vidayapitha, Peary Mohan Academy, Badambadi New Colony High School, Buckley Girls School , Sri Aurobindo School Of New Thought, CRRI High School. The city has
16983-473: The other hand, Mahadaji's victory over Jats of Mathura, Rajputs of Rajasthan and Pashtun-Rohillas of Rohilkhand ( Bareilly division and Moradabad division of present-day Uttar Pradesh ) re-established the Marathas in northern India. With the Capture of Delhi in 1771 and the capture of Najibabad in 1772 and treaties with Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II as a restricted monarch to the throne under Maratha suzerainty,
17136-615: The other regular Indian festivals like Ratha Yatra , Raja , Ganesh Chaturthi , Vasant Panchami , Holi , Diwali , Chhath , Eid , Good Friday , Christmas, and the numerous festivals are celebrated here. Cuttack is the street food capital of Odisha. It is famous for its Dahibara Aludam , a local delicacy made using black gram (a cousin of the mung bean) and potato curry. Chhena poda and Rasagulla from Salepur by Bikalananda Kar are local desserts made of unripened curd cheese made from buffalo or cow milk. Apart from Dahibara Aloodam: Chaat, Gupchup (puchuka/panipuri), and samosas rule
17289-465: The outbreak of war between the British and the Peshwa, Appa Sahib threw off his cloak of friendship, and accepted an embassy and a title from the Peshwa. His troops attacked the British, and were defeated in the action at Sitabuldi , and a second time close to Nagpur city. As a result of these battles the remaining portion of Berar and the territories in the Narmada valley were ceded to the British. Appa Sahib
17442-552: The prominent colleges include Ravenshaw College, Stewart Science College, Christ College, Choudwar College, Choudwar women's college, Cuttack College, Jatiya Kabi Bira Kishore (J.K.B.K.) College, Netaji City College, Raghunathjew College, Sailabala Women's College , Emarti Devi Women's College , Indira Gandhi Women's College ,Sri Aurobindo School Of New Thought, City Women's College, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Higher Studies & Research Matrubhaban, Kishore Nagar College, Kandarpur College. Sailabala Women's college established in 1913
17595-432: The quantity of Muslim households in the city, traditional Islamic and Mughlai cuisines like Biriyani , Tandoor , and Sheer kurma are also popular among the denizens. Due to its close proximity to Paradip and Mahanadi catchment areas, Cuttack is one of the major producers and consumers of fish. Fish curry is a popular dish among Odia households. Cuttack has been the home to many notable personalities who have contributed
17748-464: The ranking system used by the Government of India . The old and most important part of the city is centred on a strip of land between the Kathajodi River and the Mahanadi River , bounded on the south-east by Old Jagannath Road. The city, being a part of the Cuttack Municipal Corporation consisting of 59 wards. Cuttack stretches from Phulnakhara across the Kathajodi in the south to Choudwar in
17901-642: The realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states often subordinate to the former. It was established in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji as the Maratha Chhatrapati and recognised by Emperor Bahadur Shah I as a tributary state in 1707 following a prolonged rebellion . Following this, the Marathas continued to recognise the Mughal emperor as their nominal suzerain , similar to other contemporary Indian entities, though in practice, imperial politics at Delhi were largely influenced by
18054-447: The resurrection of Maratha power in the North was complete. Madhav Rao died in 1772, at the age of 27. His death is considered to be a fatal blow to the Maratha Confederacy and from that time Maratha power started to move on a downward trajectory, less an empire than a confederacy. In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, Madhavrao Peshwa gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of
18207-504: The right being Devi while the left is Biluakhai. Mahanadi runs through the city on the northern side, separating the main city from the Jagatpur Industrial Area. The Kathajodi River forms a riverine island of Bayalis Mouza (42 Wards) after separating the main city from Gopalpur. The Kuakhai River separates the southern part of the city into two halves, namely Pratap Nagri and the new township of Naranpur. The Kuakhai runs throughout
18360-461: The royal family as captives. The Marathas invaded Rohilkhand to avenge the Rohillas' atrocities in the Panipat war. The Marathas under the leadership of Mahadaji Shinde entered the land of Sardar Najib-ud-Daula which was held by his son Zabita Khan after his death. Zabita Khan initially resisted the attack with Sayyid Khan and Saadat Khan behaving with gallantry, but was eventually defeated with
18513-480: The seat of the Peshwa. This gave rise to the Battle of Poona in which the Peshwa was defeated. After the Battle of Poona, the flight of the Peshwa left the government of the Maratha state in the hands of Yashwantrao Holkar.( Kincaid & Pārasanīsa 1925 , p. 194) He appointed Amrutrao as the Peshwa and went to Indore on 13 March 1803. All except Gaekwad, chief of Baroda , who had already accepted British protection by
18666-633: The seat of the new Orissa Subah (imperial top-level province) under Shah Jahan . By 1750, Cuttack came under the Maratha Empire , and it grew fast as a business centre, being the convenient point of contact between the Bhonsale Marathas of Nagpur and the English merchants of Bengal . The term "Attock te Cuttack" ( Attock to Cuttack) was first used to describe the extent of the Maratha Empire after they conquered Cuttack in 1750 and Attock in 1758. It
18819-499: The service sector and, thus, the floating population. The presence of Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), the largest rice research institute in Asia, adds to the importance of Cuttack in the agricultural map of the country. The presence of Odisha High Court and the SCB Medical & College , the largest medical institution in the state, further nourishes the service sector. Education is
18972-476: The six Mogul provinces of Deccan, and full possession of the territories controlled by Shivaji in 1680. After Balaji Vishwanath's death in April 1720, his son, Baji Rao I , was appointed Peshwa by Shahu. Bajirao is credited with expanding the Maratha Kingdom tenfold from 3% to 30% of the modern Indian landscape during 1720–1740. The Battle of Palkhed was a land battle that took place on 28 February 1728 at
19125-421: The south of the city along Phulnakhara before entering Bhubaneswar. The Birupa river runs through the north of Jagatpur Industrial Area, separating it from Choudwar. There are numerous ponds known as ( pokharis ) in the city that store rainwater. The Mahanadi provides much of the drinking water to the city. Recent growth of the city has resulted in expansion across the Kathajodi River , and a newer township towards
19278-484: The south. From Damalcherry, the Marathas proceeded to Arcot, which surrendered to them without much resistance. Then, Raghuji invaded Trichinopoly in December 1740. Unable to resist, Chanda Sahib surrendered the fort to Raghuji on 14 March 1741. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur. Rajputana also came under Maratha attacks during this time. In June 1756 Luís Mascarenhas, Count of Alva (Conde de Alva),
19431-770: The state, and two years later, in 1976, it established the Orissa Film Development Corporation in Cuttack. One of the regional offices for the Central Board of Film Certification is situated in Cuttack. The city has several cinemas playing movies in Odia, Hindi, and English. Historically, Cuttack accounted for almost half of the number of cinema halls in the state, but eventually, those numbers declined. Presently, Cuttack hosts five single-screen movie theatres named Grand, Brindaban, Samrat, Nishamani, and Jayashree. It also houses two multiplexes, namely Inox and Sangam,
19584-527: The state. Famous ones include Matrubhaban, Josoda Sadan, Daya Ashram, Basundhara orphanage, Odisha Children's Orphanage, Leprosy Home, Regional Institute of Mental Health, etc. Cuttack is widely known as the commercial capital of Odisha. It is believed to have the largest GDP among all cities in Odisha due to its large business houses and a wide range of industries ranging from ferrous alloys, steel, and logistics to agriculture and traditional industries like textiles and handicrafts. There are many trading houses in
19737-425: The streets. The city has major food joints like Chandini Chowk, Bidanasi, Stadium Road, Buxi Bazar, Dolamundai, Choudhary Bazar, etc. Thunka puri is a famous delicacy available only during Baliyatra. Traditional Oriya food such as Dahi-Pakhal (rice soaked in water with yoghurt and seasonings) is considered a body coolant, accompanied by Badi chura or saga , and is consumed during the months of April–June. Due to
19890-475: The succession, until Mudhoji Bhonsle shot the other in the Battle of Panchgaon , six miles (10 km) south of Nagpur, and succeeded to the regency on behalf of his infant son Raghoji II Bhonsle who was Janoji's adopted heir. In 1785 Mandla and the upper Narmada valley were added to the Nagpur dominions by treaty with the Peshwa. Mudhoji had courted the favor of the British East India Company , and this policy
20043-432: The throne and acting as his protector. Jaipur and Jodhpur , the two most powerful Rajput states, were still out of direct Maratha domination, so Mahadaji sent his general Benoît de Boigne to crush the forces of Jaipur and Jodhpur at the Battle of Patan . Another achievement of the Marathas was their victories over the Nizam of Hyderabad's armies. The last of these took place at the Battle of Kharda in 1795 with all
20196-542: The title of deputy Vakil-ul-Mutlak or vice-regent of the Empire and that of Vakil-ul-Mutlak being at his request conferred on the Peshwa. The Mughals also gave him the title of Amir-ul-Amara (head of the amirs). After taking control of Delhi, the Marathas sent a large army in 1772 to punish Afghan Rohillas for their involvement in Panipat. Their army devastated Rohilkhand by looting and plundering as well as taking members of
20349-510: The village of Palkhed, near the city of Nashik, Maharashtra, India between Baji Rao I and Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad. The Marathas defeated the Nizam . The battle is considered an example of the brilliant execution of military strategy. In 1737, Marathas under Bajirao I raided the suburbs of Delhi in a blitzkrieg in the Battle of Delhi (1737). The Nizam set out from the Deccan to rescue
20502-501: The villagers and brought about a marked improvement in the state of the territory. Raghunath Rao , brother of Nanasaheb, pushed into the wake of the Afghan withdrawal after Ahmed Shah Abdali 's plunder of Delhi in 1756. Delhi was captured by the Maratha army under Raghunath Rao in August 1757, defeating the Afghan garrison in the Battle of Delhi . This laid the foundation for the Maratha conquest of North-west India . In Lahore , as in Delhi,
20655-416: The walls being already lost to them. On the death of Raghoji II in 1816, his son Parsoji was supplanted by Mudhoji II Bhonsle , also known as Appa Sahib, son of Vyankoji, brother of Raghoji II, in 1817. A treaty of alliance providing for the maintenance of a subsidiary force by the British was signed in this year, a British resident having been appointed to the Nagpur court since 1799. In 1817, on
20808-434: Was 658,986, of which 331,246 are males and 327,740 are females. There were 48,585 children aged 0–6, 8.02% of the total population of Cuttack City: 25,358 boys and 23,227 girls. The gender ratio of Cuttack City was 997 per 1000 males, and for children, 916 girls per 1000 boys. Cuttack has an average literacy rate of 91.17%, with male literacy at 97.87% and female literacy at 84.49%. The Cuttack ranks high in literacy rate among
20961-523: Was a Maratha land administrator and landlord in belt who managed large portions of land from Nagpur to Akola until India got the independence in 1947 The former kingdom was administered as Nagpur Province , under a commissioner appointed by the Governor-General of India , until the formation of the Central Provinces in 1861. During the revolt of 1857 a scheme for an uprising was formed by
21114-516: Was a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan and was the founder of the Maratha state. Shivaji led a resistance against the Sultanate of Bijapur in 1645 by winning the fort Torna, followed by many more forts, placing the area under his control and establishing Hindavi Swarajya (self-rule of Hindu people ). He created an independent Maratha state with Raigad as its capital and successfully fought against
21267-494: Was a major achievement of Baji Rao's time in office. Baji Rao's son, Balaji Bajirao (Nanasaheb), was appointed as the next Peshwa by Shahu despite the opposition of other chiefs. In 1740, the Maratha forces, under Raghoji Bhonsle, came down upon Arcot and defeated the Nawab of Arcot , Dost Ali, in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and several other prominent people died. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in
21420-570: Was also built in Tinkonia Bagicha in 1936. The second Odia film, Lalita , was released at the same hall. Similarly, in 1944–45 Pravat Cinema Hall near Baropathar, in 1951 Hind Cinema was built. In 1962, United Talkies opened in Saheed Bhawan. Thereafter, Parvati Talkies was also built in Kalyanmandap of Cuttack Municipality. In 1969, Grand Cinema and Suraj Talkies and 1972 Jyoti Cinema, which
21573-521: Was an acute shortage of supplies in the Maratha camp. Bhau ordered the sacking of the already depopulated city. He is said to have planned to place his nephew and the Peshwa's son, Vishwasrao , on the Mughal throne. By 1760, with the defeat of the Nizam in the Deccan , Maratha power had reached its zenith with a territory of over 2,500,000 square kilometres (970,000 sq mi). Ahmad Shah Durrani called on
21726-999: Was constructed during the second half of the 20th century and is remarkable for its artistic design. Although there are several churches in Cuttack, the oldest among them all is the Church of Epiphany on the Cantonment Road, built in the year 1865. This iconic brick structure is an example of the British-era colonial architecture . Other famous temples in Cuttack are Gada Chandi Temple, Khannagar Sai Mandir, Amareswar Temple, Raghunath Jew Temple, Gopal Jew Temple, Nitai Gouranga Matha, Rasabihari Matha, Shyamsundar Matha, Ramakrishna Mission|Ramakriskna Mission]], Maa Jhanjhirimangala Temple, Dolamundai Jagannath Temple, Chahata Ram Mandir, Badambadi Siddhivinayak Temple, Khannagar Kali Mandir, Kalia Boda Shani Temple, etc. Cuttack also houses many churches, including Holy Rosary Church and Oriya Baptist Church . All
21879-448: Was continued for some time by Raghoji II, who acquired Hoshangabad and the lower Narmada valley. But in 1803 he united with Daulat Rao Sindhia of Gwalior against the British. The two leaders were decisively defeated at the battles of Assaye and Argaon , and by the Treaty of Deogaon of that year Raghoji ceded Cuttack , southern Berar , and Sambalpur to the British, although Sambalpur
22032-465: Was halted with the great defeat of Panipat in 1761, at the hands of the Afghan Empire , following which the effective power of Peshwas over other chiefs came to an end. The structure of the Maratha state was that of a confederacy of four Rajas under the leadership of the Peshwa at Poona (now Pune) in western India from 1721 till 1818. These were the Raja of Gwalior of the House of Scindia ,
22185-457: Was in arrears, and they maintained themselves by plundering the cultivators. At the same time the raids of the Pindaris commenced, who became so bold that in 1811 they advanced to Nagpur and burnt the suburbs. It was at this time that most of the numerous village forts were built; on the approach of these marauders the peasantry retired to the forts and fought for bare life, all they possessed outside
22338-568: Was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power after the débâcle of the Third Battle of Panipat, and in this, he was assisted by Benoît de Boigne . After the growth in power of feudal lords like the Malwa sardars, the landlords of Bundelkhand and the Rajput kingdoms of Rajasthan who refused to pay tribute to him, he sent his army to conquer states such as Bhopal , Datiya, Chanderi, Narwar, Salbai and Gohad. However, he launched an unsuccessful expedition against
22491-407: Was not relinquished until 1806. Until the close of the 18th century the Maratha administration had been on the whole good, and the country had prospered. The first four of the Bhonsles were military chiefs with the habits of rough soldiers, connected by blood and by constant familiar interaction with all their principal officers. Up to 1792 their territories were seldom the theater of hostilities, and
22644-479: Was occupied by the British in 1803 and later became the capital of the Odisha division in 1816. From 1948 onwards, when the capital was shifted to Bhubaneswar , the city remained the administrative headquarters for the state of Odisha . The introduction of the Sharadiya Utsav tradition in the city dates back to the visit of Saint Chaitanya in the 16th century, when the consecration of the idol of Durga by using
22797-510: Was reinstated to the throne, but shortly afterwards was discovered to be again conspiring, and was deposed and sent to Allahabad in custody. On the way, however, he bribed his guards and escaped, first to the Mahadeo Hills , subsequently to the Punjab and finally took asylum in the court of Man Singh of Jodhpur. Man Singh gave him refuge against the wishes of British. A grandchild of Raghoji II
22950-446: Was renamed Laxmi Hall, started. Later, more opened: Durga Hall (1979), Nisamani Hall, Samrat Hall (1980), Brundaban Hall, Sagar Sangam Hall, Devi Cinema (1982), Rajtarangini (1983), Jaysree Talkies (1985). In 2018, Inox Multiplex opened, as Odisha's second after Bhubaneswar Inox. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Cuttack City in 2011 was 606,007: 331,246 male and 302,477 female. Its urban / metropolitan population
23103-626: Was the conclusion of the Treaty of Lonavala in 1714 with Kanhoji Angre , the most powerful naval chief on the Western Coast who later accepted Shahu as Chhatrapati. In 1719, Marathas under Balaji marched to Delhi with Sayyid Hussain Ali , the Mughal governor of Deccan, and deposed the Mughal emperor, Farrukhsiyar . The new teenage emperor, Rafi ud-Darajat and a puppet of the Sayyid brothers, granted Shahu rights to collecting Chauth and Sardeshmukhi from
23256-508: Was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. He worked as a unifying force in the Confederacy and moved to the south to subdue Mysore and the Nizam of Hyderabad to assert Maratha power. He sent generals such as Bhonsle, Scindia and Holkar to the north, where they re-established Maratha authority by the early 1770s. Madhav Rao I crossed the Krishna River in 1767 and defeated Hyder Ali in
23409-490: Was then placed on the throne, and the territories were administered by the resident from 1818 to 1830, in which year the young ruler known as Raghoji III was allowed to assume the actual government. He died without a male heir in 1853, and the kingdom was annexed by the British under the doctrine of lapse . After Raghoji's ill-health and death the reins of the kingdom were handed over to his cousin Tukaramji Mehere who
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