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National Assembly (Republika Srpska)

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55-435: Supported by (9) Opposition (27) The National Assembly of Republika Srpska ( Serbian Cyrillic : Народна скупштина Републике Српске , romanized :  Narodna skupština Republike Srpske , abbr. НСРС/NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska , one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity. The National Assembly of Republika Srpska

110-690: A minority government with the support of three independent MPs and one Australian Greens MP. Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives , four short of the requirement for majority government , resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election . Six crossbenchers held the balance of power . Greens MP Adam Bandt and independent MPs Andrew Wilkie , Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply . Independent MP Bob Katter and National Party of Western Australia MP Tony Crook declared their support for

165-509: A confidence vote by the NDP and Greens. The agreement, which was intended to remain in effect until the next fixed election in October 2021, was ended early when premier John Horgan requested the lieutenant governor call a snap election in 2020 . On 2 November 2018 (less than two months after the 2018 New Brunswick general election ) the legislative assembly voted 25-23 for a motion, introduced by

220-742: A confidence-and-supply agreement with the Liberal Party , in a deal which became known as the Lib-Lab Pact . In return, the Labour Party agreed to modest policy concessions for the Liberal Party. In the aftermath of the 2017 general election which left Theresa May 's Conservative Party without a majority, a confidence-and-supply agreement was agreed with the Democratic Unionist Party . Confidence and supply deals are more frequent in

275-643: A few months into the 44th Canadian Parliament , the NDP agreed to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the governing Liberal Party, to continue the Liberal minority government . The deal was intended to keep the minority Liberal government in power until 2025, with the NDP agreeing to support the government on confidence motions and budget votes. In exchange, the Liberal government pledged to advance work on key NDP policy priorities on dental care, pharmaceutical drugs, and affordable childcare. NDP leader Jagmeet Singh announced

330-485: A majority. Independent MLAs, Alex Greenwich , Greg Piper , and Joe McGirr entered into a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Labor government. Following the 2024 Tasmanian state election , the incumbent Liberal government reached 14 out of 18 seats required for a majority. The Jacqui Lambie Network , along with Independent MHAs, David O'Byrne and Kristie Johnston entered into a confidence-and-supply agreement with

385-505: A national two-party-preferred vote for Labor of 51.6 percent. Losses in Queensland and New South Wales were offset by the gains of Dunkley , McEwen (both 57 percent for Labor), and Cowper and Boothby (both 54 percent for Labor), finishing with a total of 79 Labor, 68 coalition, 3 independent. The graph shows a timeline of the estimates by three main polling companies – Roy Morgan (green), Nielsen (blue), and Newspoll (red) – of

440-418: A new government, or call an election. Most parliamentary democracies require an annual state budget, an appropriation bill , also called supply bill, or occasional financial measures to be passed by parliament in order for a government to pay its way and enact its policies. The failure of a supply bill is in effect the same as the failure of a confidence motion. In early modern England, the withholding of funds

495-694: A pre-existing minority in Western Australia (3 to 11). Labor won their largest two-party preferred vote in Victoria and Tasmania since official two-party records began in 1949, and in South Australia, their fourth-largest. On the crossbench, one member of the Australian Greens , one member of the National Party of Western Australia and four independent members held the balance of power. After gaining

550-684: A row. The Labor Party suggested the abolition of the marginal Liberal seat of Macarthur , while the Liberal Party suggested that Liberal-held Hume and National-held Riverina be merged to create a new seat called "Bradman" in honour of Sir Donald Bradman . The National Party suggested the abolition of the Labor-held city seat of Banks . The draft New South Wales redistribution, published in August 2009, proposed that Reid be abolished and that Lowe be renamed "McMahon" in honour of former Prime Minister Sir William McMahon . In response to widespread criticism of

605-496: A shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon . The Labor government required the support of at least eight non-Labor Senators to pass legislation. Labor and the Coalition incurred swings against them in votes and seats. The Greens received a four percent swing and won a seat in each of the six states at the election, a first for an Australian minor party. John Madigan ( Victoria ) of

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660-544: A splinter of the SRSJ led by Milorad Dodik . Confidence and supply In parliamentary democracies based on the Westminster system , confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in

715-557: The 2014 election, National re-entered confidence-and-supply agreements with United Future, the ACT Party, and the Māori Party. In 2017, despite National winning more votes than Labour in the election, New Zealand First chose to enter coalition with Labour to help them change the government, with support on confidence and supply from the left-wing Green Party . Between 1977 and 1978, Jim Callaghan's Labour Party stayed in power thanks to

770-760: The Andreotti III Cabinet was formed in 1976 with a confidence and supply agreement between the Christian Democrats and the Italian Communist Party , referred to as "the historic compromise" ( Italian : il compromesso storico ), in which the Communist Party agreed not to vote against the government during confidence votes. The Dini Cabinet , formed in 1995, and the Monti Cabinet , formed in 2011, were technocratic governments which relied on

825-761: The Bradfield and Higgins by-elections in December 2009. The member for Ryan , Michael Johnson , was expelled from the Liberal National Party on 20 May 2010, reducing the Coalition to 63 seats. Since the previous national election in 2007 there were a number of redistributions . These realignments of electorate boundaries are regularly undertaken by the Australian Electoral Commission and they maintain similar voter numbers in each electorate. They saw Labor's notional number of seats increase to 88 with

880-527: The COVID-19 pandemic . This is the first such agreement signed to ensure bipartisan cooperation . In New Zealand, confidence and supply arrangements are common due to the MMP system used in the country. The parties providing confidence and supply have a more prominent role than in other countries, with MPs from the support parties often being appointed to ministerial portfolios outside of Cabinet. New Zealand codified

935-852: The Democratic Labor Party won a seat, while Steve Fielding (Victoria) of the Family First Party lost his seat. Xenophon was not required to stand at this election but will be up for re-election at the next. Minor parties not winning a seat but receiving a notable swing include the Australian Sex Party (+2.0), the Liberal Democratic Party (+1.7) and the Shooters and Fishers Party (+1.4). Members listed in italics did not re-contest their House of Representatives seats at this election. Six notional boundary redistributed seats were contested at this election. Based on booths contested at

990-550: The Progressive Conservatives , to amend the throne speech to declare no confidence in the government. Subsequently, Premier Brian Gallant indicated his intention to resign the premiership and recommend to the lieutenant governor that PC leader Blaine Higgs be given the mandate to form a minority government: "I will go see the lieutenant-governor at her earliest convenience to inform her that I will be resigning as premier, and I will humbly suggest to her honour to allow

1045-866: The Serb Democratic Party (SDS). By the time when the Constitution of Republika Srpska was promulged in February 1992, the Assembly was made of 72 seats for the SDS, 4 for the Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia (SRSJ) and one for the Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO). The first parliamentary bloc formally opposed to nationalist forces came into scene in 1994 with the Independent Members of Parliament Caucus (IMPC) ,

1100-522: The proportionally represented Senate. The election was conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). Prior to the Labor party's win in the 2022 Australian federal election , this was the most recent federal contest in which Labor formed government. It remains the most recent election in which the leader of the party forming government represented a division outside New South Wales . The Labor Party, led by Julia Gillard, and

1155-429: The 1998 election, leaving clear control to the opposition, a so-called "Twisted Diet" . The Hashimoto Cabinet resigned to give way for a new cabinet led by prime minister Keizō Ōbuchi which entered formal negotiations with other parties to form a coalition government by January 1999 (First Reshuffled Obuchi Cabinet). There is another implicit form of cooperation where (usually very small) parties which are not part of

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1210-537: The 2007 vote, and the Family First Party won 2 per cent, with the Greens winning 1 seat in the lower house. The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oakeshott , former state Nationals turned independent MP, won the seat of Lyne at the September 2008 Lyne by-election , resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Nationals leader Mark Vaile . The April 2008 Gippsland by-election , resulting from

1265-490: The 76-seat Senate , the Greens won one seat in each of the six states, gaining the sole balance of power with a total of nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon . The Coalition was reduced from 37 to 34 and Labor was reduced from 32 to 31. The two remaining seats were occupied by Xenophon and Victoria's new Democratic Labor Party Senator John Madigan . Family First Party Senator Steve Fielding

1320-605: The Coalition on confidence and supply. The resulting 76–74 margin entitled Labor to form a minority government. The Prime Minister, government ministers and parliamentary secretaries were sworn in on 14 September 2010 by the Governor-General Quentin Bryce . In November 2011, Coalition MP and Deputy Speaker Peter Slipper replaced Labor MP Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the House of Representatives , increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 76–74 to 77–73. In

1375-605: The Congress Party from 2004 to 2008, but later withdrew support after the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement . After the 2016 general election , a minority government was formed by Fine Gael and some independents, with confidence and supply ( Irish : muinín agus soláthar ) support from Fianna Fáil in return for a published set of policy commitments from the government. Fianna Fáil abstained on confidence and supply votes, but reserved

1430-528: The Labor and Liberal parties hold 32 seats each, and the Liberals' coalition partner, the National Party (including one CLP ), five seats. The balance of power rests with the crossbench , consisting of: For a majority, the government requires an additional seven votes from non-Labor senators. If the Liberal Party chooses to vote with the Labor Party, support from the crossbench is not required. Forty seats in

1485-438: The Liberal Party, led by Tony Abbott, were the predominant parties to contest the election. The smaller National Party led by Warren Truss is in a coalition with the Liberal Party. Following the 2007 federal election , the 150-member Australian House of Representatives consisted of 83 Labor-held seats, 65 Coalition seats (55 Liberal and 10 National), and two seats held by independents . The Australian Greens won 8 per cent of

1540-577: The Liberal government. In November 2008, the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party (NDP) reached an agreement to form a minority coalition government, with the Bloc Québécois having signed a confidence agreement to support the proposed coalition. However, the proposed coalition and confidence agreement fell apart in January 2009, as a result of an ensuing parliamentary dispute . In 2022,

1595-563: The Senate were up for election: The party composition of these 40 senators whose terms will expire is: These seats are listed in order of election for the six states and two territories: The election-eve Newspoll of over 2000 voters reported Labor on a 50.2 percent two-party-preferred vote . A post-election Newspoll taken 27–29 August 2010 of 1134 voters revealed 47 percent wanted a Gillard Labor government, to 39 percent for an Abbott Coalition government, while 14 percent were uncommitted. There

1650-653: The Tories in an attempt to ensure his party's issues were on the government's agenda. Twenty-two days after the 1985 Ontario provincial election , the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario government resigned after a vote of no confidence , and the Ontario Liberal Party formed a government with the support of the Ontario New Democratic Party . The agreement between the two parties

1705-406: The abolition of the name "Reid", the finalised redistribution, published in October 2009, instead had Lowe renamed "Reid" and Prospect replaced with McMahon . Boundary changes also resulted in the Liberal seats of Macarthur , Greenway and Gilmore becoming notionally Labor-held, with major changes to other seats, including Calare , Parkes and Macquarie . In Queensland, the seat of Wright

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1760-476: The actual vote for each party in the November 2007 election. Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, a loss of eleven and a gain of seven respectively. Labor retained a majority of seats in a majority of states against the Coalition − New South Wales (26 to 20), Victoria (22 to 14), South Australia (6 to 5), and Tasmania (4 to 0), but fell sharply in Queensland (8 to 21) with

1815-554: The cabinet join one of the ruling parties in joint parliamentary groups in one or both houses of the National Diet and vote with the government. A recent example were the joint LDP groups with the Party for Japanese Kokoro and New Party Daichi during the 2nd Reshuffled Third Abe Cabinet. A confidence and supply agreement was signed on 13 September 2021 between Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Harapan to strengthen political stability amid

1870-400: The coalition's notional number decreased to 59, with independents in three. The swing required by the opposition to win majority government had decreased by approximately 0.1 percent. The redistribution of electoral divisions for Western Australia made the Liberal held Swan notionally Labor, and vastly changed Kalgoorlie and O'Connor , with the former being safer for the Liberals, and

1925-417: The confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation. A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement, in that members from junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) gain positions in the cabinet and ministerial roles , and are generally expected to hold

1980-593: The devolved legislatures of Scotland and Wales due to the use of proportional representation . The Scottish National Party and Scottish Green Party had a confidence and supply deal in the Scottish Parliament . The Welsh Labour Party and Plaid Cymru had a similar co-operation deal in the Welsh Assembly until October 2017. 2010 Australian federal election Julia Gillard Labor Julia Gillard Labor The 2010 Australian federal election

2035-540: The early termination of the agreement on 4 September 2024. After the 2017 British Columbia provincial election , the Green Party of British Columbia agreed to a confidence-and-supply agreement in support of the British Columbia New Democratic Party . The incumbent British Columbia Liberal Party , which held a plurality of seats, briefly tried to form a government, but was immediately defeated in

2090-513: The governing coalition with the LDP until the election: the JSP and Shintō Sakigake (NPH/NPS/Sakigake). By 1997, the LDP had gained a House of Representatives majority of its own through accessions (see New Frontier Party ) and was hoping to regain full parliamentary control in the 1998 House of Councillors election. Instead, the cooperation agreement was ultimately terminated while the government lost seats in

2145-437: The government whip on passing legislation. In most parliamentary democracies, members of a parliament can propose a motion of confidence or of no confidence in the government or executive. The results of such motions show how much support the government currently has in parliament. Should a motion of confidence fail, or a motion of no confidence pass, the government will usually either resign and allow other politicians to form

2200-453: The latter becoming more marginal. Kalgoorlie was also renamed Durack . The redistribution also damaged the WA Nationals ' chances of a House of Representatives seat. Tasmania was also redistributed but, while there were some changes to boundaries, little changed in terms of seat margins. New South Wales lost a seat to Queensland due to population changes for the second election in

2255-541: The leader of the Conservative Party to attempt to form a government and attempt to gain the confidence of the house". People's Alliance leader Kris Austin said he would work with the new government "in the areas we agree on," and reiterated his promise to support the Progressive Conservatives on confidence votes for a period of 18 months. Green Party leader David Coon said he would start working with

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2310-453: The majority to 75–73. The Senate has 76 seats. Forty seats were up for election; six in each of the six states and two in each of the two territories. The terms of the four senators from the territories commenced on election day, all other terms took effect from 1 July 2011. The Coalition holds 34 seats and Labor holds 31 seats, with the balance of power shifting solely to the Australian Greens with nine seats, after previously holding

2365-644: The procedures it used to form these Governments in its Cabinet Manual . John Key 's National Party administration formed a minority government in 2008 thanks to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the ACT , United Future and the Māori Party . A similar arrangement in 2005 had led to Helen Clark 's Labour Party forming a coalition government with the Progressive Party , with support on confidence and supply from New Zealand First and United Future . After

2420-468: The resignation of the former Howard minister and Nationals MP Peter McGauran , saw the Nationals' Darren Chester retain the seat, receiving a swing of 6%. The Liberals suffered a swing in the September 2008 Mayo by-election resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Liberal leader Alexander Downer , and came close to losing the seat to the Greens candidate. The Liberals retained seats at

2475-576: The right to vote for or against any bill proposed in the Dáil or Seanad . The deal lasted until the 32nd Dáil was dissolved on 14 January 2020 for a general election to be held in February 2020. In Italy, the equivalent of confidence and supply is called "external support" ( Italian : appoggio esterno ). Starting from the 1950s through the 1970s there were various examples of Christian Democratic cabinets being able to govern thanks to confidence and supply agreements with other minor parties. Most famously,

2530-570: The support of four crossbenchers Labor was able to form a minority government. On the crossbenches: A year after the election, The Age summarised the collective positions of the crossbenchers as one of "no regrets". On 24 November 2011, the Coalition's Peter Slipper replaced Labor's Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives , increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 75–74 to 76–73. On 21 January 2012 Andrew Wilkie withdrew his support for Labor, changing

2585-565: The support of the main parties in Parliament during confidence votes. In Japan , the equivalent of a confidence and supply arrangement is called "extra-cabinet cooperation" ( 閣外協力 , kakugai kyōryoku ) . The latest such agreement was made after the 1996 House of Representatives election between the Second Hashimoto Cabinet , an LDP single-party government somewhat short of majorities in both houses, and two parties which had formed

2640-421: The two-party-preferred vote for Labor from January 2008 to 20 July 2010. The pink dot on the left side represents the actual 2PP vote for Labor in the November 2007 election. The graph shows a timeline of Newspoll's estimates of the primary vote for Labor (red), the Coalition (blue), the Greens (green), and other parties or independent candidates (magenta) from 2007 to 2010. The four dots on the left side represent

2695-495: Was created as a Liberal-held seat based on the Gold Coast hinterland . The redistribution saw the status of Blair change from marginal Labor to a safe Labor seat. The status of marginal Liberal seats Dickson and Herbert also changed to marginal Labor seats. A redistribution for Victoria commenced in 2010, but was not finalised before the election was called. In the 76-member Australian Senate , from July 2008 to June 2011,

2750-411: Was defeated. These changes took effect in the Senate on 1 July 2011. More than 13 million Australians were enrolled to vote at the time of the election. Australia has compulsory voting (since 1925 ) and uses preferential ballot (since 1919 ) in single-member seats for the House of Representatives and single transferable vote (since 1949 ) with optional group voting tickets (since 1984 ) in

2805-731: Was founded on 24 October 1991 as the Assembly of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina , with its administrative seat in Sarajevo . Due to the Bosnian War , the seat was moved to Pale , where it remained until 1998, when it was moved to Banja Luka , its current location. From 1991 to 1996, the Assembly was composed of Serb representatives elected in 1990 for the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina , most of them members of

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2860-406: Was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010 to elect members of the 43rd Parliament of Australia . The incumbent centre-left Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard won a second term against the opposition centre-right Liberal Party of Australia led by Opposition Leader Tony Abbott and Coalition partner the National Party of Australia , led by Warren Truss , after Labor formed

2915-412: Was no difference between male and female voters. Ages 18–34 and 34–49 were even stronger for Labor, while those above 50 bucked the trend preferring the Coalition 45 percent to 40 percent. A JWS Research "mega-poll" was conducted by robocall late in the campaign and published by Fairfax . It polled an Australian record of 22,000 voters in 54 marginal seats and a further 6,000 in safe seats. It revealed

2970-475: Was one of Parliament 's few ways of controlling the monarch . The Australian Labor Party Gillard government formed a minority government in the hung parliament elected at the 2010 federal election resulting from a confidence-and-supply agreement with three independent MPs and one Green MP. Following the 2023 New South Wales state election , the Labor opposition reached 45 out of 47 seats required for

3025-584: Was referred to as "The Accord". After the 2021 territorial election resulted in the Yukon Liberal Party and the Yukon Party winning the same number of seats, the third place Yukon New Democratic Party agreed to provide confidence and supply to a Liberal minority government. Third Front national governments were formed in 1989 and 1996 with outside support of one of the two major parties, BJP or Congress . The CPI-M gave outside support to

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