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31-672: NBR may refer to: Rail [ edit ] New Brunswick Railway , a former Canadian railway company absorbed by the Canadian Pacific Railway North Bay Railway , a light-railway system for tourists in Scarborough, North Yorkshire North British Railway (1844–1923), a former Scottish railway company absorbed by London and North Eastern Railway Media [ edit ] National Board of Review , an American film review organization National Business Review ,

62-639: A type of skin rash Norma Brasileira , Brazilian National Standard by the Brazilian National Standards Organization Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title NBR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBR&oldid=1254739278 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

93-801: A weekly New Zealand newspaper aimed at the business sector Nightly Business Report , an American business and economic television news program Other uses [ edit ] Nabors Industries (NYSE symbol), an oil, natural gas and geothermal drilling contractor National Bison Range , a National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, United States National Buildings Record (1940–1963), an archive of historic building information in England National Board of Revenue , Bangladeshi central authority for tax administration National Bureau of Asian Research , an American research institution for Asia-Pacific policy Nitrile butadiene rubber , an oil-resistant synthetic rubber copolymer Non-blanching rash ,

124-524: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages New Brunswick Railway The New Brunswick Railway was also a historic Canadian railway operating in western New Brunswick . Its headquarters while an operational railway were in Woodstock . It was acquired by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1890 and its operations and name were subsumed by

155-622: Is used to distinguish it from other narrow gauges. In Japan the 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge, along with other narrow gauges, is referred to as kyōki ( 狭軌 ) , which directly translates as narrow gauge , to differentiate it from the Shinkansen lines. It is defined in metric units. It is commonly referred to as 三六軌間 ( 36 gauge ) , which derives from the 3 ft 6 in. Similar, but incompatible without wheelset adjustment, rail gauges in respect of aspects such as cost of construction, practical minimum radius curves and

186-584: The Philippines , Taiwan , and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia. There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways . This gauge is sometimes called Cape gauge , named after the Cape Colony in what is now South Africa, which adopted it in 1873. "Cape gauge"

217-811: The Saint Lawrence River at Rivière-du-Loup ; however, the company never built beyond Edmundston, leaving this connection to be completed by the Temiscouata Railway . The southern section of the main line ran along the east bank of the Saint John River from South Devon northwest to Keswick where it headed inland (north) away from the Saint John River and followed the Keswick River to Barton before heading west to Millville and northwest to East Brighton and Hartland where it again followed

248-437: The de Havilland Mosquito . In 1988, citing declining traffic, CPR grouped all of its lines east of Montreal into a new internal marketing and business unit called Canadian Atlantic Railway (CAR). Also beginning in 1988 and extending through to 1993, CAR began the process of abandoning much of the trackage of the former NBR system, citing declining traffic and bridges at Woodstock and Perth-Andover which were washed away in

279-628: The CPR. The NBR was maintained by CPR as a non-operating holding company for its land and property in New Brunswick; this company was sold to industrialist K.C. Irving in 1941 that saw all land ownership including timber holdings and railway rights of way transferred to the Irving conglomerate. CPR leased the physical railway assets from NBR and retained the right to operate them until CPR abandoned operations in New Brunswick in late 1994. The original NBR lines in

310-594: The Crown. A charter for the railway was received from the provincial government in 1870 and the New Brunswick Land and Railway Company was formed. Part of the charter provided for additional timber land based upon construction performance, thereby making Gibson one of the largest landowners in the province. The route was envisioned to eventually extend further north along the Madawaska River and Lake Témiscouata to

341-630: The International Boundary at Vanceboro -St. Croix, CPR gained trackage rights from the Maine Central. CPR sought, and was given, a lease on the New Brunswick Railway for a period of 990 years beginning on July 1, 1890, resulting in a mainline from Montreal to Saint John and the feeder network of NBR branchlines to St. Stephen and St. Andrews as well as Fredericton and the upper Saint John River valley. This development gave CPR access to

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372-591: The NBR acquired control of the New Brunswick and Canada Railway (NBCR) under a 999 year lease. The NBCR traced its history to the St. Andrews and Quebec Railway (SA&Q) which had a charter to build from Passamaquoddy Bay at St. Andrews north to McAdam and on to Quebec City across much of what is now northern Maine ; construction plans in the 1840s from southwestern New Brunswick to Canada East halted due to uncertainty over

403-606: The NBR in 1878. As a result, Aroostook became a major division point for the NBR's northern system and had extensive yard facilities. In 1881, the New Brunswick Land and Railway Company changed its name to the New Brunswick Railway Company . That same year the 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) narrow gauge lines from South Devon to Edmundston as well as the line from Aroostook to Caribou were converted to 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ). The following year on July 1, 1882,

434-458: The NTR closely paralleled Canadian Pacific's original NBR narrow gauge line between Cyr (just north of Grand Falls ) to Edmundston, along the east bank of the Saint John River. In the 1930s, CPR abandoned a 26 mi (42 km) section of the former NBR between Cyr and Iroquois (approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) east of Edmundston) and used trackage rights over Canadian National Railways , which

465-464: The NTR had been merged into in 1918. Following its acquisition of the NBR in 1890, CPR undertook several expansions to the system. These were acquired by the CPR as separate companies and were not merged with the NBR company: In the 1940s, CPR sought to reduce non-railway properties in New Brunswick and entered into an agreement with industrialist K.C. Irving , whereby the entire NBR was sold to his forestry subsidiary J.D. Irving Limited . CPR leased

496-592: The SA&;Q declared bankruptcy and its assets and charter were purchased and reorganized as the New Brunswick and Canada Railway with track extended north to Richmond Corner near the newly defined border. Although the NBCR intended to complete construction across Maine to Quebec City, it would never extend beyond Richmond Corner due to the political situation in the United States during the 1860s ( American Civil War ) as well as

527-529: The Saint John River at Newburg where it joined a new line being built from the NBCR at Debec via Woodstock where it crossed to the east bank of the Saint John River and on to Hartland . The final major expansion of the NBR took place in 1883 when it acquired the European and North American Railway 's (E&NA) "Western Extension" and the Fredericton Branch Railway . The "Western Extension" line

558-619: The Saint John River valley were built to 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) narrow gauge . These tracks were converted to 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) in 1881. New Brunswick industrialist Alexander Gibson commissioned a survey in 1866 for a railway line extending from his mill facilities in South Devon at the junction between the Nashwaak and Saint John Rivers opposite Fredericton , north to Edmundston to service timber lands which he leased from

589-455: The early 20th century, the CPR's ex-NBR system interchanged with other railways at the following locations: The following narrow gauge locomotives were operated on the NBR until conversion to standard gauge in the early 1880s. 3 ft 6 in gauge railways Railways with a track gauge of 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways . The first intercity passenger railway to use 3 ft 6 in

620-531: The east bank before continuing to Edmundston. The NBR system expanded significantly in the late 1870s and early 1880s. One of the first expansions was the acquisition of the Aroostook River Railroad which had built up the south bank of the Aroostook River from its connection with the NBR at Aroostook, New Brunswick to Caribou, Maine . This line was built between 1873 and 1876 and was leased to

651-441: The east bank of the Saint John River. This section was built between 1871 and 1873. The section from Hartland to Edmundston was much more difficult to construct and was built between 1871 and 1878. The line from Hartland north to Perth remained on the east bank of the Saint John River. At Perth it crossed to the west bank, bridged across the mouth of the Aroostook River , and continued to Grand Falls , where it crossed back to

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682-413: The financial situation NBCR faced with the competing European and North American Railway project. The 1881 conversion of the NBR to standard gauge track, followed by the 1882 purchase of the New Brunswick and Canada Railway saw a 9.5 mi (15.3 km) section of the NBR's original narrow gauge line between Shewan and Hartland abandoned. A new line was built from Shewan west to the east bank of

713-522: The gauge was nicknamed Blekinge gauge , as most of the railways in the province of Blekinge had this gauge. Colonial Gauge was used in New Zealand. In Australia, this gauge is typically referred to as narrow gauge in comparison to 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge or 5 ft 3 in ( 1,600 mm ) broad gauge. In some instances, simply 3 foot 6 inch — or in rarer cases medium gauge —

744-727: The location of the Canada–United States border . The border was subsequently resolved in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty and the SA&Q began construction in the early 1850s, however, the delays saw the competitive advantage of St. Andrews disappear with the opening of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad in 1853 that connected the Canadian rail network at Montreal , Quebec with the Atlantic coast port of Portland, Maine . In 1856

775-445: The port of Saint John and until the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in the 1950s and subsequent expansion of government ice breaking services for shipping, Saint John would become CPR's winter port on the Atlantic coast when Montreal was ice-bound. In 1912, a section of the government-built and operated National Transcontinental Railway (NTR) opened between Moncton and Lévis . Part of

806-466: The railway tracks and other surface assets from J.D. Irving Ltd. which owned the land including the railway rights of way. In this fashion, Irving was able to secure some of the most extensive timber holdings in the province during a period at the beginning of the Second World War when JDI had entered into major contracts to supply wood veneer for defence contracts, particularly for construction of

837-499: The spring freshet and ice jams of 1987. CPR completely removed itself from operations east of Montreal in 1994 when CAR trackage was sold to shortline operators. The only remnant of the original NBR system is a short segment of trackage in Grand Falls, operated by Canadian National. J.D. Irving Ltd. continues to retain ownership of the NBR to this very day. The NBR functions in two different but inter-related ways: At its height in

868-677: Was a shareholder with Gibson in the NBR and looked to extend the CP system to New Brunswick or Nova Scotia to gain access to ports in the Maritimes. Between 1886 and 1888, CPR built the International Railway of Maine , also referred to as the "Short Line", across a gap between Quebec's Eastern Townships and the Maine Central Railroad at Mattawamkeag, Maine (on the European and North American Railway "Maine" section). From Mattawamkeag to

899-594: Was built from 1865-1869 from South Bay on the west side of the Saint John River opposite Saint John to the International Boundary at St. Croix . The Fredericton Branch Railway was built from 1867-1869 from Hartt's Mills to Fredericton . Beginning in 1886, the Canadian Pacific Railway began looking to expand its presence east of Montreal . Typical of much of its expansion in southern Ontario , CPR looked to purchase or lease existing lines rather than survey and build itself. CPR president George Stephen

930-732: Was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl . From the mid-nineteenth century, the 3 ft 6 in gauge became widespread in the British Empire . In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, although it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand , South Africa , Indonesia , Japan ,

961-471: Was used in several English-speaking countries. The equivalent of Cape gauge is used in other languages, such as the Dutch kaapspoor , German Kapspur , Norwegian kappspor and French voie cape . After metrication in the 1960s, the gauge was referred to in official South African Railways publications as 1,065 mm ( 3 ft  5 + 15 ⁄ 16  in ) instead of 1067 mm. In Sweden,

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