18-515: Musuan Peak or Mount Musuan / ˈ m ʊ s w ən / , also known as Mount Calayo ( / k ə ˈ l ɑː j oʊ / , literally "Fire Mountain") is an active volcano in Maramag , Bukidnon , on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines . It is 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south of the city of Valencia , province of Bukidnon , and 81 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Cagayan de Oro . Musuan
36-516: A dormant volcano . Volcanoes that will not erupt again are known as extinct volcanoes . There are 1,350 potentially active volcanoes around the world, 500 of which have erupted in historical time. Many active volcanoes are located along the Pacific Rim, also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire . An estimated 500 million people live near active volcanoes. Historical time (or recorded history)
54-577: A distance of about 161 kilometers (100 mi), linking the northern and southern arms of Route 1 (Digos–Butuan Highway). This section of the Philippine national highway was constructed during the American occupation of the Philippines . The parts of the highway are composed of National Route 10 ( N10 ), a spur route of Asian Highway 26 in the north; and National Route 943 ( N943 ) in the southern portion of
72-480: A mountain named "Indus ni Tapogak", which means "Tapogak's feces" in Umayamnon language, now known as Musuan Peak. Mount Musuan's lack of any visible crater has led to some local skepticism of it being an active volcano. Still, the imagery evoked by its name variant 'Mount Calayo' (Fire Mountain) and the stories told by Indigenous Bukidnon people keep people wary of the relatively small mountain which doesn't look like
90-539: A research center of the Philippine Carabao Center are located on the western slopes. It has a tourist shop which sells dairy products made from Carabao milk. South of the mountain are the university agricultural facilities including a cattle ranch , a poultry farm , greenhouses , and a dairy . Due to its proximity to the university and the university town proper, it has become a popular destination for students, teachers, and tourists; either for picnics or
108-400: A study of the flora and fauna of one of the few remnants of the jungles that once covered the valleys of the surrounding areas. From its isolated position in the middle of the valley and the very small surface area of its highest point (only a few meters), the entire countryside is visible from the top. Currently its slopes has been the target of extensive reforestation efforts partly paid for by
126-683: A volcano at all. Valencia City is located North of the peak, the Central Mindanao University (CMU) and Barangay Dologon at the southwest, and the Pulangi River on the entire eastern side. At the foot of Musuan Peak is the Mount Musuan Zoological and Botanical Garden of the Central Mindanao University. It includes a butterfly greenhouse and a reforestation nursery among its buildings. The Sayre Highway and
144-508: Is a lava dome and tuff cone . It has an elevation of 646 metres (2,119 ft) asl , and a base diameter of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology reports that Musuan erupted in 1866 and 1867, but the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program records another eruption, possibly phreatic , that "burned everything around it." The explosion supposedly occurred four years before
162-763: Is another timeframe for active . The span of recorded history differs from region to region. In China and the Mediterranean , it reaches back nearly 3,000 years, but in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada, it reaches back less than 300 years, and in Hawaii and New Zealand it is only around 200 years. The incomplete Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the World , published in parts between 1951 and 1975 by
180-725: Is covered predominantly by Cogon grass ( Imperata cylindrica ). Reforestation efforts on the bare areas, both in tree-planting drives and by Central Mindanao University personnel, have established temporary forests of Acacia mangium and conifers. There are 524 species of plants in Mount Musuan under 353 genera and 135 families. 301 species are trees, 51 shrubs, 50 grasses and sedges, 46 herbs, 42 vines, 31 ferns, and 3 fern allies. 188 species (35%) are economically important, 128 species (24%) are endemic, and 3 (1%) are endangered species. Musuan peak has approximately 6,354 individual trees. The most common tree species (in density and frequency) are
198-468: The Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Kamala tree) and Colona serratifolia , followed by Clausena brevistyla and Alstonia scholaris (Blackboard tree). Three species of pteridophytes are locally threatened: Marsilea crenata (" apat-apat "), Ceratopteris thalictroides (" pakung-sungay "), and Lycopodiella cernua (clubmoss). 10 species of pteridophytes are endemic to the area. According to
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#1732858164582216-547: The International Association of Volcanology , uses this definition, by which there are more than 500 active volcanoes. As of March 2021 , the Smithsonian Institution 's Global Volcanism Program recognizes 560 volcanoes with confirmed historical eruptions. Countries with the most Holocene volcanoes, according to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (as of 2023 ): Countries with
234-537: The Sayre Highway is a four-to-six lane, 192-kilometre (119 mi), primary national highway that connects Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental to Kabacan, Cotabato . It traverses the provinces of Misamis Oriental , Bukidnon and Cotabato . The highway's name was Route 3 but was changed to Sayre Highway, in honor of Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. , the U.S. Philippine High Commissioner who spearheaded its construction. It extends southward through central Mindanao for
252-467: The 1891 visit of a Jesuit priest, who reported that he could not examine the volcano more closely because of strong solfataric activity. A strong seismic swarm occurred near Musuan in 1976, and again around mid-2011. Musuan is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines , which are all part of the Pacific ring of fire . Mount Musuan's northern slope is still covered by a primary rainforest . The rest
270-449: The establishment of toll gates to hikers intending to go up the mountain. Active volcano An active volcano is a volcano that has erupted during the Holocene (the current geologic epoch that began approximately 11,700 years ago), is currently erupting, or has the potential to erupt in the future. A volcano that is not currently erupting but could erupt in the future is known as
288-456: The legend, Musuan Peak was made out of feces dropped by a man named Tapogak. One day a man named Babaydan and his whole family along with Tapogak bringing his belongings were taken up to heaven. Afterwards, Tapogak found some honey and ate more of it, causing him to defecate from heaven atop. Because of his gluttony, he was kicked out of heaven by his friends, fell down and never reached heaven again. His defecated while in heaven and his feces became
306-602: The most volcanoes active since 1960 (as of 2023 ): As of 2013, the following are considered Earth's most active volcanoes: As of 2010 , the longest ongoing (but not necessarily continuous) volcanic eruptive phases are: Other highly active volcanoes include: Holocene volcanoes with large populations within 5 km (3.1 mi): Michoacan-Guanajuato volcano in Mexico and Tatun Volcanic Group in Taiwan both have more than 5 million people living within 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) of
324-1013: The volcano. Campi Flegrei in Italy and Ilopango in El Salvador both have populations of over 2 million people living within 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) of the volcanoes. Hainan Volcanic Field in China, San Pablo Volcanic Field in the Philippines, Ghegham Volcanic Ridge in Armenia, Dieng Volcanic Complex , in Indonesia, and Auckland Volcanic Field in New Zealand all have over 1 million people living within 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) of each volcano. Source: Source: Source: See list of volcanoes in Japan for more information Source: Source: Source: Sayre Highway The Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. Highway or simply
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