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29-563: The Murus Romuli as remembered by ancient historians is described by Rodolfo Lanciani : The text most frequently quoted in reference to the Murus Romuli is that of Tacitus , according to which the furrow ploughed by the hero — the sulcus primigenius — started from a point in the Forum Boarium , marked in later times by the bronze Bull of Myron; and followed the valley between the Palatine and

58-479: A "systematic update... and a reformulation of the information" of Lanciani's Forma Urbis . Lanciani assembled a sizable documentary collection of images and material related to Rome's history during his lifetime. These include thousands of photographs of excavations and discoveries taken by Lanciani himself, but also constitute thousands of pages of maps, watercolors, as well as about 15,000 historic prints and drawings. 3,000 volumes of documentation were bequeathed to

87-505: A clay and timber wall at the bottom of the Palatine Hill dating to the mid-8th century BC. The swampy surrounding territories were not drained until the mid-7th century BC. Rodolfo Lanciani Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani (1 January 1845 – 22 May 1929 ) was an Italian archaeologist , a pioneering student of ancient Roman topography . Among his many excavations was that of the House of

116-586: A furrow could be ploughed through it, nor stone cippi set up to mark the line of the furrow. Moreover, the same marshes extended on the southeast side as far as the Curiæ Veteres, on the northwest as far as the Temple of Vesta; and the shape of the Palatine walls was rather trapezoid, like that of a terramara of the valley of the Po , than square like an Etruscan templum; while, lastly, the name of Roma Quadrata did not belong to

145-585: A library on the site in 1958 and recreated the façade of the old LCP building. APS restored the former Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank building at 425–29 Chestnut Street , which was built in 1854–55 to the design of John M. Gries in the Italianate style , to serve as a lecture hall. It is the site of meetings and most major events the society hosts. The Constance C. and Edgar P. Richardson Hall at 431 Chestnut Street, immediately west of Benjamin Franklin Hall,

174-747: Is a collection of indigenous language documents from around the United States including recordings of the Odawa language from northern Michigan. APS has created a guide to help provide broad coverage of the Native American and Indigenous archival collections at the Library & Museum of the American Philosophical Society. These materials date from 1553 to 2020 and include manuscript, audio, and visual materials relating to Indigenous peoples throughout

203-524: Is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach. It was founded by the polymath Benjamin Franklin and is considered the first learned society founded in what became the United States. Philosophical Hall ,

232-730: The Aventine as far as the altar of Consus , the valley between the Palatine and the Cælian as far as the Curiæ Veteres , the east slope of the hill as far as the Sacellum Larum. The same historian says that the Ara Maxima of Hercules was included within the furrow, and Dionysius states that Vesta's temple was outside it. The furrow followed the foot of the cliffs or slopes of the Palatine, its course being marked with stone cippi . Others affirm that

261-461: The Roman Forum including Henri Jordan , Christian Huelsen , Samuel Ball Platner , and Thomas Ashby . Richard Brilliant described Lanciani's Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome as "undiminished in vitality as a study of ancient Roman ruins" (1967). Lanciani's great work was the production of a map of the ancient city of Rome, a "unique work within the genre". It shares the (modern) name of

290-678: The Storia degli scavi , a regular summary of Roman excavations that started appearing in 1902. His students included Giulio Giglioli . Together with important British art historians such as Austen Henry Layard he re-edited the original 1843 guidebook to Rome for John Murray . He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei , the Academia di S. Lucia, the Berlin Institute, the Royal Academy of Belgium, and

319-573: The University of California, Berkeley . Ten academic institutions have each been affiliated with 50 or more members: In 1786, the society established the Magellanic Premium , a prize for achievement in "navigation, astronomy , or natural philosophy," the oldest scientific prize awarded by an American institution, which it still awards. Other awards include the Barzun Prize for cultural history ,

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348-586: The APS's own collections, along with objects on loan from other institutions. In 1789–90, the Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) built its headquarters directly across 5th Street from APS. In 1884 LCP sold its building, which was demolished for the expansion of the Drexel & Company Building in 1887. This building was demolished in the mid-1950s, during the creation of Independence National Historical Park. APS built

377-521: The Americas. The society also has a collection of manuscripts on the history of the British colonies, Revolutionary War, the history of American science, quantum physics, Charles Darwin and evolution, genetics and the history of technology. Philosophical Hall , at 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, immediately south of Old City Hall , was built in 1785–1789 to house

406-599: The Archaeological Society of Brussels. He was an International Member of the American Philosophical Society . He received numerous honorary degrees, including those from Aberdeen, Würzburg, Oxford, Harvard, and Glasgow. Lanciani was married twice. He married Mary Ellen Rhodes (1842–1914) of Providence, Rhode Island, in July 1875. Lanciani formed a core of distinguished late nineteenth-century scholars of

435-878: The Judson Daland Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Investigation, the Benjamin Franklin Medal , the Lashley Award for neurobiology , the Lewis Award, and the Thomas Jefferson Medal for distinguished achievement in the arts, humanities, or social sciences. The society has published the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society since 1771. Five issues appear each year. The Proceedings have appeared since 1838; they publish

464-622: The National Institute of Archaeology and Art History in Rome upon Lanciani's death in 1929; the collection occupies its own room in the Palazzo Venezia . The collection was digitized and made available to the public through an online database started in 2017 by researchers at Stanford University Libraries , Dartmouth College , and the University of Oregon . American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society ( APS )

493-606: The Vestals in the Roman Forum . Lanciani earned LL.D. degrees from Aberdeen, Glasgow , and Harvard and a Ph.D. degree from Würzburg . Lanciani was born in Rome , although some state he was born in Montecelio, now Guidonia Montecelio . He was professor of Roman topography at the Università di Roma from 1878 until 1927. He is known today chiefly for his Forma Urbis Romae (1893‑1901) and

522-504: The ancient (Severan) marble map, the Forma Urbis Romae . It is a set of 46 detailed maps of ancient Rome, issued in 1893–1901. The maps measure 25 by 36 inches, at a scale of 1:1000. The map outlines ancient features in black, early modern features (based on the Nolli map of 1748) in red, and modern features (as of 1893) in blue. The modern Atlas of Ancient Rome by Andrea Carandini is

551-529: The city of Romulus was square (τετράγωνος — Roma Quadrata ). The truth is that neither the walls nor the pomerium of Romulus can be said to make a square; that a line drawn from beyond the Ara Maxima to the Ara Consi cannot be said to go "along the foot of the cliffs of the Palatine" (per ima montis Palatini); that the valley in those days was covered with water, deep enough to be navigated by canoes, so that neither

580-474: The city on the hill, but to the altar described in Pagan and Christian Rome , p. 70, which stood in front of the Temple of Apollo. Though most often believed to be purely a figure of myth, Romulus is believed by some scholars, such as Andrea Carandini , to have been an actual historical figure. In 1988, the remains of an early defensive wall were found on the north slope of the Palatine Hill. Archaeologists excavating

609-550: The name American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge . Franklin was elected the first president. During this time, the society maintained a standing Committee on American Improvements; one of its investigations was to study the prospects for a canal to connect the Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware River . The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal , which had been proposed by Thomas Gilpin, Sr.,

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638-555: The papers delivered at the society's biannual meetings. The society has also published The Papers of Benjamin Franklin , Joseph Henry , William Penn , and Meriwether Lewis and William Clark . Jane Aitken bound 400 volumes for the society. The society also has an expansive archive on framer of the U.S. constitution John Dickinson . APS holds the ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) which

667-458: The site contended that the wall and other nearby finds indicate that Rome emerged as a dynamic society by at least the 7th and 6th centuries BC, significantly earlier than had been previously calculated. As of the 2010s, the earliest evidence of any settlement in the area dates to c. 1000   BC with large-scale organization evidenced by the establishment of the Esquiline Hill 's necropolis and

696-671: The society and designed by Samuel Vaughan in the Federal style . A third floor was added in 1890 to accommodate the expanding library, but was removed in 1948–1950, when the building was restored to its original appearance for the creation of Independence National Historical Park . In 2001, it was opened to the public as The American Philosophical Society Museum, hosting revolving, thematic exhibitions that explore intersections of history, art, and science. The museum features works of art, scientific instruments, original manuscripts, rare books, natural history specimens, and curiosities of all kinds from

725-859: The society supports a variety of disciplines in the humanities and the sciences. The American Philosophical Society was founded as the Philosophical Society in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin , James Alexander , Francis Hopkinson , John Bartram , Philip Syng Jr. , and others as an offshoot of an earlier club, the Junto . Early members included: Benjamin Franklin , John Dickinson , George Washington , John Adams , Thomas Jefferson , Alexander Hamilton , James McHenry , Thomas Paine , David Rittenhouse , Peter Stephen Du Ponceau , Nicholas Biddle , Owen Biddle , Benjamin Rush , James Madison , Michael Hillegas , John Marshall , Charles Pettit , and John Andrews . It

754-637: The society's headquarters and a museum, is located just east of Independence Hall in Independence National Historical Park . In 1965, in recognition of the building's history, it was designated a National Historic Landmark . The society has about 1,000 elected members. As of April 2020, 5,710 members had been inducted since its creation. Through research grants, published journals, the American Philosophical Society Museum, an extensive library, and regular meetings,

783-829: The society. Many members of the Society of the Cincinnati were among the APS's first board members and contributors; the APS and SOC still maintain an informal, collegial relationship. Membership of the APS "honors extraordinary accomplishments in all fields." It has about 1,000 elected members, comprising about 840 "resident" members (United States citizens or those working or living in the United States) and about 160 "international" members. As of April 2020 it had elected 5,710 members since its foundation. Over that history, 208 members have been from Harvard University , 115 from Princeton University , 88 from Stanford University , and 84 from

812-779: Was built in the 1820s. Following the American Revolutionary War , the society looked for leadership to Francis Hopkinson , one of the signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence . Under his influence, the society received land from the government of Pennsylvania, along with a plot of land in Philadelphia, where Philosophical Hall now stands. Charles Darwin , Robert Frost , Louis Pasteur , Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz , John James Audubon , Linus Pauling , Margaret Mead , Woodrow Wilson , Maria Mitchell , and Thomas Edison were all prominent members of

841-561: Was common at the time for intellectual societies to invite members from around the world, where the society recruited members from other countries, including Alexander von Humboldt , the Marquis de Lafayette , Baron von Steuben , Tadeusz Kościuszko , and Princess Dashkova . The society lapsed into inactivity by 1746, but was revived in 1767. On January 2, 1769, the society united with the American Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge under

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