31-634: The Murrumbidgee District was a district (also called a squatting district, pastoral district or grazing district) used in New South Wales in the nineteenth century to refer to the land between the Murrumbidgee River and Murray River , that is now mostly known as the Riverina region . Some maps show the district included the parts of what is now the Australian Capital Territory that
62-448: A 1907 map shows 13 land boards and 103 land districts. The new land districts were different from the previous land districts which had mostly been used in the western areas of the state before counties were proclaimed there. The land boards were named after the location of the head office. The table below shows the land districts used in 1890 and 1907 (some of the locations of the land boards changed and there were new land districts), with
93-796: A fellow of the Royal Societies of both London and Edinburgh . He was created Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1814 and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1837. In 1828, he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society . He published The Brisbane Catalogue of 7,385 stars of the Southern Hemisphere in 1835. The Observatory was used until 1855. When Brisbane returned to Scotland he continued his studies and built
124-794: A further observatory on his wife's estate, Makerstoun, near Kelso in the Borders . He was a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and received its Keith Medal in 1848. In 1833 he acted as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science . He founded a gold medal for the encouragement of scientific research to be awarded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Brisbane died on 27 January 1860 in Largs . His four children predeceased him. He
155-542: A population of 1463, with 226,682 sheep, 93,458 cattle, 2315 horses, 2,400 acres (10 km) in cultivation and 172 stations. In 1852 the district included 12 million acres (49,000 km) total, with 400,000 sheep, 100,000 cattle and 3,000 horses Early maps show the eastern boundary of the district being the Murrumbidgee River, while an 1871 map shows the eastern boundary being the Goodradigbee River, with
186-461: A system of calling for supplies by tender. When Dr. Robert Wardell and William Wentworth brought out their paper the Australian in 1824, Brisbane tried the experiment of allowing full latitude of the freedom of the press. In 1823, Brisbane sent Lieutenant John Oxley to find a new site for convicts who were repeat offenders. Oxley discovered a large river flowing into Moreton Bay . A year later,
217-518: Is also legally the only part of the state in the South Australian time zone. A number of water supply authorities are named County Council, but only Rous County Council has the same name as its cadastral county. Genealogy records from the 19th and early 20th centuries for New South Wales commonly use the town name followed by the county. The 1911 Britannica lists all towns in New South Wales
248-519: The Colony of New South Wales , which later became the Australian state of New South Wales . The counties were further subdivided into 7,419 parishes . There are also three land divisions, approximately one hundred land districts and several other district types. Land boards were used at various periods. Thirteen hundreds were briefly proclaimed in Cumberland County . These divisions are part of
279-478: The Crown Lands Acts , while new types of districts called first and second class settled districts, as well as town land and suburban land came into being. The various districts used: The Crown Lands Act of 1884 further divided New South Wales into three land divisions; Western , Central and Eastern ; as well as Land Boards and Land Districts. This 1890 map shows 14 land boards and 95 land districts; while
310-646: The Peninsular War , including leading a brigade in the 3rd Division that broke through at the Battle of Vitoria . He continued as a brigade commander in the War of 1812 , where in 1814 he led a brigade at the Battle of Plattsburgh , which Brisbane claimed they could have won if they had been allowed to launch a full infantry attack. During the battle, he used the Charles C. Platt Homestead as his headquarters. For his services in
341-569: The lands administrative divisions of Australia . Unlike the local government areas of New South Wales , which have gone through restructuring periods by the government , the counties have been the same since the 19th century. The first county proclaimed was Cumberland on 4 June 1788. Northumberland was named in 1804. Several other counties were established around Sydney; by the 1820s there were nine counties (see 1828 and 1832 maps). They were: Roxburgh, Northumberland, Durham, Westmoreland, Cumberland, Argyle, Camden, Ayr and Cambridge. They were in
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#1732845367416372-646: The Monaro district in the area between the Goodradigbee and the Murrumbidgee. It comprised the area of the counties of Wakool , Townsend , Cadell , Denison , Urana , Hume , Goulburn , Wynyard , Mitchell , Selwyn , Buccleuch and part of Caira and Waradgery . Cadastral divisions of New South Wales For lands administration purposes, New South Wales is divided into 141 counties , which are further divided into parishes. The counties were first set down in
403-628: The Peninsula, Brisbane received the Army Gold Cross with one clasp for the battles of Vitoria , the Pyrenees , Nivelle , Orthez , and Toulouse ; and the silver war medal with one clasp for the Nive . In November 1819 he married Anna Maria Hay Makdougall of Makerstoun, Roxburghshire, Scotland. On his father-in-law's death, Brisbane assumed the additional surname, becoming Makdougall Brisbane. In 1821, on
434-663: The approximate area of the present day cadastral units except that some of them were larger and took up land which was in 1834 assigned to other counties. Ayr and Cambridge were not used in the 1834 counties, taking up area which is approximately in what became Macquarie County and Brisbane County . Instructions were given to Governor Brisbane in 1825 to survey New South Wales and divide it into counties of various sizes, hundreds , and parishes between 15 and 25 square miles (40 and 65 km²). The Nineteen Counties were surveyed by Thomas Mitchell in 1834. In Cumberland County only, 13 hundreds were proclaimed, then repealed in 1888. As
465-472: The assistant-surgeon, was the centre of one of the bitter conflicts. Consequently, charges of various kinds against Brisbane were sent to England. The worst of these, that he had connived at sending female convicts to Emu Plains for immoral purposes, was investigated by William Stewart, the lieutenant-governor, John Stephen, assistant judge, and the Rev. William Cowper, senior assistant-chaplain, and found to be without
496-566: The chief command in India , but declined both. He continued his astronomical researches, and did valuable work. He was the first patron of science in Australia, and as such was eulogised by Sir John Herschel when he presented Brisbane with the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1828. Oxford and Cambridge universities gave him the honorary degree of DCL, and he was elected
527-667: The colony's second observatory and encouraged scientific and agricultural training. Rivals besmirched his reputation and the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Bathurst , recalled Brisbane and his colonial secretary Frederick Goulburn . Brisbane , a new convict settlement, was named in his honour and is now the 3rd largest city in Australia. Brisbane was born at Brisbane House in Noddsdale, near Largs in Ayrshire , Scotland,
558-510: The colony. However, Brisbane did not always receive loyal support from his administrative officers, and in particular from Frederick Goulburn , the colonial secretary. A reference to Brisbane's dispatch to Earl Bathurst dated 14 May 1825 shows that Bigge's recommendations had been carefully considered, and that many improvements had been made. Brisbane did not limit his attention to Bigge's report. Early in April 1822, he discovered with some surprise
589-630: The counties are based on area, rather than population, there are huge differences in the populations of the coastal counties with those for the remote west. The whole of Sydney with several million people is located within Cumberland County, while there are many counties for areas in the Far West which have a very low population. The counties have little official function and are only now used for land titles and geographic surveying, and as an area of coverage within some industrial awards. Yancowinna County
620-592: The currency. Brisbane's keen interest in science led him to accept the invitation to become the first President of the Philosophical Society of Australasia that later became the Royal Society of New South Wales . He also set up the first agricultural training college in New South Wales and was the first patron of the New South Wales Agricultural Society . He conducted experiments in growing tobacco, cotton, coffee and New Zealand flax in
651-403: The ease with which grants of land had hitherto been obtained. He immediately introduced a new system under which every grant had the stipulation that for every 100 acres (400,000 m ) granted the grantee would maintain free of expense to the crown one convict labourer. He also encouraged agriculture on government land, streamlined granting of tickets of leave and pardons and introduced, in 1823,
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#1732845367416682-476: The first convicts arrived at Moreton Bay. Brisbane visited the settlement in December 1824. Oxley suggested that both the river and the settlement be named after Brisbane. The convict settlement was declared a town in 1834 and opened to free settlement in 1839. Brisbane was doing useful work, but he could not escape the effects of the constant faction fights which also plagued previous governors. Henry G. Douglass,
713-536: The land boards and land divisions: Download coordinates as: Thomas Brisbane Major General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, 1st Baronet , GCB , GCH , FRS , FRSE (23 July 1773 – 27 January 1860), was a British Army officer, administrator, and astronomer . Upon the recommendation of the Duke of Wellington , with whom he had served, he was appointed governor of New South Wales from 1821 to 1825. A keen astronomer, he built
744-454: The name of Makdougall before Brisbane , and settled down to the life of a country gentleman and took interest in science, his estate, and his regiment. He was elected president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1832) following the death of Sir Walter Scott , and in 1836 he was created a baronet . In the same year he was offered the command of the troops stationed in Canada and two years later
775-411: The recommendation of Wellington, Brisbane was appointed Governor of New South Wales , a post he held until 1825. Brisbane took over the government on 1 December 1821, and at once proceeded to carry out some of the reforms recommended in the report of John Bigge . While Governor he tackled the many problems of a rapidly growing and expanding colony. He worked to improve the land grants system and to reform
806-488: The same way, such as Albury, Goulburn county, Broken Hill, Yancowinna county and Wagga-Wagga, Wynyard county. Parts of the land which were outside the Nineteen Counties were divided into squatting districts in the early 19th century [1] . In 1846 New South Wales was divided into settled districts, intermediate districts and unsettled districts. In 1861 the system of settled and unsettled districts were abolished with
837-486: The slightest foundation. Brisbane discovered that Goulburn, the colonial secretary, had been withholding documents from him and answering some without reference to the governor, and in 1824 reported his conduct to Lord Bathurst . In reply, Bathurst recalled both the governor and the colonial secretary in dispatches dated 29 December 1824. Brisbane was a keen astronomer throughout his career. He had an observatory built at his ancestral home in 1808. From this observatory he
868-642: The son of Sir Thomas Brisbane and his wife Eleanora (née Bruce). He was educated in astronomy and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh . He joined the British Army 's 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot in 1789 and had a distinguished career in Flanders , the West Indies , Spain and North America. He served under the Duke of Wellington , and in 1813 he was promoted to major general . He saw much action during
899-509: The southern hemisphere, the first detailed observations from the continent. Its major contribution was Rümker 's rediscovery of Encke's comet in 1822. Brisbane left his equipment and books in the colony when he returned to Scotland. Remnants of this collection survive in the Sydney Observatory . Brisbane left Sydney in December 1825 and returned to Scotland. In 1826 he was made colonel of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot . He added
930-464: Was able to contribute to the advances in navigation which took place over the next hundred years. He took telescopes, books and two astronomical assistants, Carl Ludwig Christian Rümker and James Dunlop to New South Wales with him. On arrival he had the first properly-equipped Australian observatory built at Parramatta while waiting for his predecessor, Governor Macquarie to complete his final arrangements. The Parramatta observatory recorded stars of
961-506: Was to the west of the Murrumbidgee River. The district was originally one of the districts used to refer to the area outside the limits of location , but later continued to be used as the name after counties were proclaimed within this area. It went out of use after 1884, when new districts were proclaimed. In 1841 it had a population of 1139, with 180,654 sheep and 62,848 cattle, 1517 horses, with 1,795 acres (7 km) in cultivation and 147 stations, according to an 1841 map. In 1843 it had