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26-555: Murcian can refer to: Murcian Spanish Murcian nationalism Places of origin [ edit ] Someone or something from the Region of Murcia : a single-province autonomous community in Spain Someone or something from Murcia , Murcia, Spain: the capital of the Region of Murcia Someone or something from Murcia, Negros Occidental :

52-666: A city in the Philippines Someone or something from Murcia, Costa Rica : a city in the Region of Cartago, Costa Rica Someone or something from Murcia, Bolivia : a city in the Pando Department , Bolivia Livestock Breeds [ edit ] Murciana goat , a dairy goat from the Region of Murcia in Spain Mythology [ edit ] Of or pertaining to Murcia or Murtia: a mythical goddess later merged in meaning with Venus (mythology) Topics referred to by

78-2714: A dark colour'). Hence caló and calé may have originated as ancient exonyms. Caló has six vowels: It has the following consonant inventory: Notable phonological features of Iberian Caló are: Spanish Romani: Compare with a Spanish version: The Lord's Prayer has often been used as a parallel text : Spanish Caló: Lovara Balkans Romani: Spanish: Many Caló terms have been borrowed in Spanish (especially as slangisms and colloquialisms ), often through flamenco lyrics and criminal jargon ( germanía ). Examples are gachó/gachí ("man/woman", from gadjo/gadji ), chaval ("boy", originally "son", also present in English as chav ), parné ("money"), currelar or currar ("to work"), fetén ("excellent"), pinreles ("feet"), biruji ("cold"), churumbel ("boy"), gilí ("silly, stupid"), chachi ("outstanding, genuine"), (un)debel or debla ("god/goddess"), mengue ("demon"), chorar or chorrar in Spain ("to steal", also present in English slang as to chaw ), molar ("to be appealing to someone"), piltra ("bed"), acais ("eyes"), chola ("head"), jeró ("face"), napia ("nose"), muí ("mouth"), lache ("shame"), pitingo ("vain"), chungo ("bad, nasty, dodgy"), guripa ("cheeky, soldier"), ful ("fake"), paripé ("pretence, white lie"), juncal ("slender, graceful"), pure or pureta ("old"), sobar ("to sleep"), quer or queli ("house"), garito ("house, gambling den"), jalar ("to eat with great apetite"), cate ("hit"), jiñar ("to defecate, to fear"), diñar ("to give, to die"), palmar ("to die"), chinarse ("to get upset"), langui ("lame"), chalado or pirado ("crazy"), pirarse ("to leave", "to make oneself scarce"), changar ("to break"), chivarse ("to denounce sb , to squeal"), chivato ("informer"), hacerse el longuis ("to pretend to be absent-minded"), pringar ("to get sb mixed up, to overdo"), chingar ("to have sexual relations, to bother"), chinorri ("little"), najar ("to flee"), privar ("drink, to drink"), mangar ("to steal"), nanay ("no way, there isn't"), chorizo ("thief"), achantar ("to intimidate"), pispar ("to nick"), birlar ("to nick"), achanta la muí ("shut your mouth"), canguelo or cangueli ("fear"), cañí ("Romani person"), calé ("Romani person"), caló ("language of

104-488: A following /r/ and become a tapped [ɾ] before any other consonant. In casual speech, syllable- and word-final /s/ is never pronounced as a sibilant [s] . It is usually elided entirely or forms part of a geminate, although in areas bordering Andalusia it may be debuccalized , pronounced as an [h] . While the word para is frequently realized as pa' in all Spanish varieties, in Murcian Spanish this

130-440: A geminated second element: [pp, dd, kk, ɡɡ, mm, nn, ll] (with [ðð] being an alternative to [dd] ). This produces minimal pairs differentiated by consonant length, such as cisne [ˈθinne] 'swan' vs. cine [ˈθine] 'cinema'. This process also occurs across word boundaries, as in los nenes [lɔnˈnɛnɛ] 'the kids'. Syllable-final /r/ can assimilate to a following /l/ or /n/ , while syllable-final /l/ may assimilate to

156-447: A lesser extent than in Spanish, Caló terms have also been adapted into Catalan as slangisms and colloquialisms , most of which were taken adopted from Spanish slang. Examples are halar ( pronounced [həˈla] or [xəˈla] ; "to eat"), xaval ("boy"), dinyar(-la) ("to die"), palmar(-la) ("to die"), cangueli ("fear"), paio ("non-Romani person"), calés ("money"), caló ("language of

182-846: A long one" fig. "to pretend to be thick/slow") and potra ("luck"). There are a small number of words of Caló (Calão) origin and many of those are indirect loans, borrowed via Spanish . The examples generally understood by most or all speakers of Portuguese include gajo ( pronounced [ˈɡaʒu] , "man, dude", primarily in Portugal), chavalo ("lad, young boy"), chunga ("bad, nasty, dodgy"), chibar-se ("to denounce sb, to squeal"), chibo ("informer"), baque ( [ˈbaki] , [ˈbakɨ] , generally "impact", but in this sense "sudden happiness"), pileque ( [piˈlɛki] , [piˈlɛk(ɨ)] , "drunkenness"), chulé ("bad smell of feet), pirar-se ("to leave"), pirado and chalado ("crazy"). There

208-600: Is -icho , which is likely related to -ico . Cal%C3%B3 language Caló ( Spanish: [kaˈlo] ; Catalan: [kəˈlo] ; Galician: [kaˈlɔ] ; Portuguese: [kɐˈlɔ] ) is a language spoken by the Spanish and Portuguese Romani ethnic groups. It is a mixed language (referred to as a Para-Romani language in Romani linguistics ) based on Romance grammar , with an adstratum of Romani lexical items, through language shift by

234-537: Is a growing awareness and appreciation for Caló: "...until the recent work by Luisa Rojo, in the Autonomous University of Madrid , not even the linguistics community recognized the significance and problems of Caló and its world." Its world includes songs, poetry and flamenco. As Iberian Romani proper is extinct and as Caló is endangered, some people are trying to revitalise the language. The Spanish politician Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia promotes Romanò-Kalò,

260-602: Is also used to designate the Murcian language, however it mostly refers to the variety spoken in the comarca of the Huerta de Murcia  [ es ] . Murcian emerged from the mixture of several linguistic varieties that joined together after the Kingdom of Murcia was conquered by the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile and populated with principally northeastern settlers between

286-404: Is completely inaccurate for [ a ] , which is not only more back than [ æ ] but also lower than it. Thus, the contrast between mañanas /maˈɲanas/ and the singular form mañana /maˈɲana/ 'morning' surfaces as a contrast of vowel quality: [mæˈɲænæ, maˈɲana] , rather than the presence of terminal [s] in the former word. Some authors have questioned whether the opening of

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312-419: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Murcian Spanish The linguistic varieties of Murcian form a dialect continuum with Eastern Andalusian and Manchego Peninsular Spanish. Murcian is considered a separate language of Spanish by some of its native speakers and by proponents Murcianism , who call it llengua murciana . The term panocho

338-431: Is much more widespread, being more common among the upper classes and in more formal situations than in other zones. In older working-class rural speech, syllable-final /s/ surfaces as [ ɾ ] before word-initial consonants (particularly the voiced plosives and /n/ ), as in los vasos [lɔɾ ˈβæsɔ] 'the glasses'. /b, d, ɡ/ are lenited after this allophone. The replacement of [ s ] with [ ɾ ]

364-430: Is perceived as a very marked feature of rural Murcian, and it is disapproved of by the local population. There are linguistic phenomena characteristic of traditional Murcian speech, many of which are or were usual in other linguistic varieties (Aragonese, Mozarabic, Catalan, Andalusian, etc.): The vowel system of Murcian Spanish is essentially the same of Eastern Andalusian. The open-mid vowels [ ɛ , ɔ ] as well as

390-628: Is the endonym of the Romani people in Iberia, and caló means 'the language spoken by the calé '. However, the calé are commonly known in Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries by the exonyms ciganos and gitanos . In caló and other varieties of Romani , kalo means 'black' or 'absorbing all light', hence closely resembling words for 'black' and/or 'dark' in Indo-Aryan languages (e.g. Sanskrit काल kāla 'black', 'of

416-590: The Iberian Kale "), calas ("money"), curda ("drunkenness"), menda ("myself"), and galochi ("heart"), payo ("non-Romani person"). Some words underwent a shift in meaning in the process: camelar ( etymologically related to Sanskrit kāma , "love, desire") in colloquial Spanish has the meaning of "to woo, to seduce, to deceive by adulation" (but also "to love", "to want"; although this sense has fallen into disuse), but in Caló it more closely matches

442-563: The Iberian Kale "), cangrí ("prison"), pispar ("to nick"), birlar ("to nick"), xorar ("to steal"), mangar ("to steal"), molar ("to like"), pringar ("to get sb mixed up, to overdo"), pirar(-se) ("to leave, to make oneself scarce"), sobar ("to sleep"), privar ("drink, to drink"), ("pleb"), laxe ("shame"), catipén ("stink"), xaxi ("outstanding, genuine"), xivar-se'n ("to denounce sb , to squeal"), xivato ("informer"), xinar(-se) ("to get upset"), fer el llonguis (lit. "Do

468-415: The 13th and 14th centuries. The linguistic varieties were mainly Tudmir 's Romance (a type of Andalusi Romance ), Arabic , Aragonese , Old Castilian and Occitano - Catalan . In modern times Murcian has also been influenced by French and Caló . The most notable characteristics of a Murcian accent involve the heavy reduction of syllable -final consonants, as well as the frequent loss of /d/ from

494-482: The Romani community. It is said to be used as an argot , or a secret language, for discreet communication amongst Iberian Romani. Catalan , Galician , Portuguese , and Spanish caló are closely related varieties that share a common root. Spanish caló, or Spanish Romani, was originally known as zincaló . Portuguese caló , or Portuguese Romani, also goes by the term lusitano-romani ; it used to be referred to as calão , but this word has since acquired

520-446: The Spanish meanings of querer ("to want" and "to love"). In addition camelar and the noun camelo can also mean either "lie" or "con". Caló also appears to have influenced Madrid slang cheli and quinqui , the language of another Iberian group of travellers who are not ethnically Romani. Gacería , a cant spoken by makers of agricultural equipment in a village of Segovia , also derives some words from Caló. To

546-488: The general sense of jargon or slang , often with a negative undertone (cf. baixo calão , 'obscene language', lit. low-level calão ). The language is also spoken in Brazil , France , Venezuela , Portugal and Colombia . Some Caló expressions have been borrowed-into modern Spanish jerga (slang), such as camelar (to seduce), currar (to work) and dar lache (to cringe in shame or embarrassment). Calé

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572-427: The high vowels /i, u/ is significant (cfr., e.g., Zubizarreta, 1979, Poch / Llisterri, 1986, Sanders, 1994), while others argue that, although the opening is less than in the case of middle and low vowels, it is entirely relevant (cfr., e.g., Alonso / Canellada / Zamora Vicente, 1950, Mondéjar, 1979, Alarcos, 1983). In any case, the opening of these final high vowels also triggers vowel harmony. The diminutive suffix

598-443: The open front [ æ ] are realizations of /eC, oC, aC/ (where ⟨ C ⟩ stands for any consonant other than /n/ or /d/ ) in the syllable coda. Due to vowel harmony , the close-mid [ e , o ] and the open central [ ä ] (hereafter transcribed without the diacritic) are banned from occurring in any syllable preceding that with [ ɛ , ɔ , æ ] . This change is sometimes called vowel opening , but this

624-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Murcian . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murcian&oldid=1192803773 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

650-430: The suffixes -ado/ada, -ido/-ida . No non-nasal consonants are permitted in word-final position. As is typical of Spanish, syllable-final nasals are neutralized, and assimilate to the place of articulation of a following consonant. In Murcian, as in many other varieties, the word-final nasal is typically realized as a velar [ ŋ ] when not followed by a consonant. Non-liquid, non-nasal postvocalic consonants in

676-555: The syllable coda assimilate to both the place and the manner of articulation of the following consonant, producing a geminate . For instance, historical /pt/ , /kt/ and /st/ all fall together as /tt/ , rendering cacto 'cactus', casto 'chaste' and capto 'I understand' homophonous as [ˈkatto] . Historical /kst/ also joins this neutralization, rendering sexta 'sixth' (f.) homophonous with secta 'sect' as [ˈsetta] . Other historical postvocalic clusters affected by this include /sp, sd, sk, sɡ, sm, sn, sl/ , in each case producing

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