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19-668: MAPO has its origins in Plant #30 of the Dux Factory company. Plant #30 was established in 1939 in Dubna . In December 1941, it was relocated to the former site of Plant #1 , where it manufactured the Ilyushin Il-2 . In 1950, it merged with Plant #381, to produce the Il-28 in larger volumes. In 1953, Lukhovitsy Machine Building Plant was established as a subsidiary of the plant. Plant #30 became known as

38-486: A formation of eleven R-Z "Natashas" from the 2ª Escuadrilla, Grupo 30 (which had a total of 60 planes) escorted by Ratas , over Cap de la Serra. The Nationalist pilots dived to attack, and in a few minutes they destroyed nine of the R-Zs. Although many R-Zs were damaged by ground fire, and the 2ª Escuadrilla, Grupo 30 lost 9 of their 60 aircraft in one day on 24 December 1938, overall losses were relatively low with 36 of

57-698: A large number of military bicycles. After the October Revolution the plant was named "Aircraft plant #1 named after OSOAVIAKHIM" or "GAZ No. 1". Farmans and Nieuports were left in production. In 1923 a design bureau was established at the plant, headed by Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov ; this would later become known as the Polikarpov Design Bureau . Production models included I-5 , I-15 , I-15bis, I-153 , I-16 , R-5 , and R-Zet aircraft. Polikarpov also built Airco DH.9A (which later became Polikarpov R-1 / Polikarpov R-2 ) and Airco DH.4 during

76-728: A single-engine twin-propeller chain-driven monoplane. Further work went into the Dux No 2 but this was also a failure. Polikarpov R-Z The Polikarpov R-Z was a Soviet reconnaissance bomber aircraft of the 1930s. It was a revised version of the Polikarpov R-5 which was built in large numbers between 1935 and 1937. It was used in combat during the Spanish Civil War as well as the Winter War and Battle of Khalkhin Gol . The R-Z or R-Zet

95-735: The BMW VI ) was replaced with the 611 kW (820 hp) M-34 engine. The R-Z first flew in January 1935 and was accepted for the Soviet Air Force in preference to the competing Kochyerigin LR , also an R-5 derivative. By the time production finished in spring 1937, 1,031 R-Zs had been built. Like its predecessor the R-5, the R-Z was used in large numbers by both the Soviet Air Force and Aeroflot . Its first use in combat

114-720: The Chernyshev Machine Building Enterprise and Aviabank . Unlike Sukhoi , which managed to secure export contracts with China and India, MAPO continued to be unprofitable throughout the 1990s. In December 1999, MAPO was renamed Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG. In 2006, MAPO merged with Sukhoi and several other Russian aviation companies to form United Aircraft Corporation . The majority of MAPO's former assets are now part of Mikoyan . The Lukhovitsy and Znamya Truda plants are currently known as 'MiG Manufacturing Complex №1' (ПК №1 PCK «МиГ») and 'MiG Manufacturing Complex №2' (ПК №2 PCK «МиГ»), respectively. Over

133-759: The FIAT CR.32s , the main fighter of the Nationalists. On 14 July 1937, in the Brunete sector, on the extreme left of the Nationalist Madrid Army Corps, the squadron of Spanish ace Joaquín García Morato intercepted a squadron of R-Zs escorted by a number of Polikarpov I-16s Rata . The Nationalist pilots dived through the fighters escort, and attacked the R-Zs, shooting down five. On 24 December 1938, another group of CR.32s, still led by Morato, while escorting Junkers Ju 52s and Savoia Marchetti SM.79s , spotted

152-618: The Ilyushin Il-2 . In 1950 it merged with Plant #381, to produce the Il-28 in larger volumes. In 1953 Lukhovitsy Machine Building Plant was established as a subsidiary of the plant. Plant #30 became known as the Znamya Truda Machine-Building Plant in 1965, and as the Moscow Aircraft Production Organisation in 1973. The MiG-29 was put in production. Civil programs include MiG-AT , T-101, T-411, and Aviatika MAI-890 aircraft. After this

171-628: The Lavochkin La-5 and later the La-7 . Plant #381 also produced the Il-12 , a small series of I-250, and the first 75 MiG-15s . In 1950 it was merged into Plant #30. The majority of types built by Dux were French and other Western aircraft designs. The first aircraft made was a licensed Farman IV with ENV engine, which made its first flight on 18 August 1910. From there, in addition to copies, some improvements were designed for existing models. The first of these

190-546: The Znamya Truda Machine-Building Plant in 1965, and as the Moscow Aircraft Production Organisation in 1973. In the early 1990s, it employed 30,000 workers. In 1995, MAPO was merged with the Mikoyan Design Bureau , forming MAPO-MiG. In January 1996, a decree of President Boris Yeltsin established MAPO VPK, which combined 12 different aviation companies, including MAPO-MiG, Kamov , Klimov ,

209-625: The 1920s and 1930s. Plant #1 produced the MiG-3 before evacuation in October 1941. Plant #1 was evacuated to Samara in 1941, becoming the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant . In 1958 it shifted its production to rockets, and became known as the Samara Progress plant . Plant #30 was established in 1939 in Dubna . In December 1941 it was relocated to the former site of Plant #1, where it manufactured

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228-802: The 61 delivered surviving to be captured by the Nationalists at the end of the war in April 1939. R-Zs were used by the Soviet air force against Japan above Mongolia in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939, and the Winter War against Finland in the same year. By the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the R-Z was in the process of being replaced by the Ilyushin Il-2 , although it remained in service with

247-625: The following aircraft were produced: Su-9 , Yak-25 , Il-14 , Il-18 with modifications, MiG-21 , and MiG-23 . Plant #32 was established in 1932, when it was separated from Plant #1. In 1941 it was evacuated to Kirov , becoming the Kirov Machine-Building Plant in 1960 and the Vyatka Machine Building Enterprise AVITEK in the 1990s. Plant #39 produced the DB-3F before evacuation in October 1941. Plant #39

266-552: The years, it has also been known as OSOAVIAKHIM Plant #1, GAZ No. 1, Menjinski Plant #39, Orjonikidze Plant #381, Plant #30, MMZ (Moscow Machine-Building Plant) "Znamya Truda" (Banner of Labor), P.A. Voronin Production Center, and "Moscow Aircraft Production Organization (MAPO) named after Dementiev" ( Petr Dementiev  [ ru ] , Minister of Aircraft Industry from 1953 to 1977). Dux Factory Dux ( Russian : Завод «Дукс» , romanized :  Zavod "Duks" )

285-845: Was a bicycle / automobile / aircraft factory in Moscow , Russia before and during World War I . The factory was founded in 1893. The name comes from the Latin word dux (leader). Julius Möller (also written Juli Meller) was owner of the factory, which was primarily focused on the building of French aircraft designs. The factory was established in Moscow in 1893 as a bicycle production plant. Production shifted to aircraft manufacturing in 1910. During World War I Dux produced Morane-Saulnier G , Voisin L , Voisin LAS , Nieuport 17 , Nieuport 24 , Farman family of aircraft including models IV, VII , XVI, XXX, as well as

304-472: Was a Farman VII in 1912 with some improvements that were put into production. A more ambitious project was the Dux Meller I which combined a Bleriot main fuselage with a Farman XV nacelle added, all driven by a 100 hp Gnome-Rhone in pusher configuration . A modified Farman XVI was later produced under the name Dux Meller II and flown in 1913. The following Dux Meller III was a failed attempt to produce

323-587: Was developed at the aircraft factory GAZ No 1 (State Aircraft Factory No 1) at Moscow as a development of, and a replacement for the Polikarpov R-5 , the standard light reconnaissance bomber of the Soviet Air Force . Based on the R-5SSS, the most advanced variant of the R-5, the R-Z had a new, deeper, monocoque fuselage, with a sliding canopy for the pilot and fixed glazed fairing for the observer. The 544 kW (730 hp) M-17 F engine (a licensed built copy of

342-480: Was during the Spanish Civil War from 1937. 61 R-Zs were delivered to the Spanish Republican Air Force , where they were nicknamed Natacha . These were heavily used, flying in tight formations and using co-ordinated defensive fire to defend against fighter attack, while returning individually at low levels. Despite these protective measures and the Soviet fighters escort, the R-Zs were easy prey for

361-712: Was moved to Irkutsk in 1941, where it was merged with the Irkutsk Machine-Building Plant , ultimately establishing the Irkutsk Aviation Plant . Plant #43 was established in 1893. Between 1963 and 1992 it was known as the Moscow Kommunar Machine-Building Plant . It focuses on air-to-air missile production and some aircraft sub-components. In 1992 it became the Open Joint Stock Company Dux. Plant #381 produced

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