Morris Singer is a British art foundry, recognised as the oldest fine art foundry in the world. Its predecessor, Singer was established in 1848 in Frome , Somerset , by John Webb Singer , as the Frome Art Metal Works.
102-625: The Singer Art Foundry was famous for its metal bronzes, including the monumental "Boadicea and her Daughters" at Westminster Bridge , "Justice" on the top of the Central Criminal Court, the Old Bailey and John Knox in Edinburgh . During the first half of the 20th century, following the amalgamation of the Morris Art Bronze company (set up in 1921) with J W Singer & Sons in 1927,
204-437: A "throne upon wheels". Parallels were drawn between Victoria and Boudica, whose name also means "victory". Albert lent two horses as models, and the statue bears some resemblance to a young Queen Victoria. Albert died in 1861 before the statue was completed. Thornycroft completed a full size model of the work before his death in 1885, but there was no funding for it to be cast in bronze. An earthwork known as "Boadicea's Grave" on
306-615: A 'beautiful pleasure garden'. Philip Whitbourn contends that Burton has been inaccurately 'sometimes stereotyped as [one] feeling no enthusiasm for the Gothic Revival' and that 'it is as a master not only of the neoclassical but also of the picturesque that Decimus Burton should be remembered'. William Willicombe's subsequent designs on the Calverley Estate, including Lansdowne Road and Calverley Park Gardens, were informed by Burton, with whom he had worked on Burton's earlier parts of
408-524: A Gothic building…": a building of a style that they contended to be improper ‘to the prevailing sentiment of an age so enlightened’. In contradistinction to the neo-gothic style, they commended those who had ‘built St. Paul's Cathedral, to the satisfaction of an applauding posterity, in the more beautiful and universal style of Roman architecture’. However, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel , wanted, now that he were premier, to disassociate himself from
510-507: A colossal equestrian statue should be placed upon it... I fear that if this appropriation of the building should be decided upon, a proposition would soon be made for removing altogether the facades of columns, the slender proportions of which would appear so incongruous and out of proportion compared with the prodigious dimensions of the statue ". Burton had realized that the disciples of Pugin and advocates of Pugin's anti-classicism would remove all classical elements from his arch if permitted
612-657: A conservatory of polygonal form, which used wrought iron glazing bars, then only recently patented, instead of the then customary wooden bars. The first villa to be constructed in the park was St John's Lodge by John Raffield. Burton bought from the Crown a plot at Spring Gardens , St. James's Park , at the east end of The Mall , where he constructed, in the Georgian neoclassical townhouse style, No. 10, 12, and 14 Spring Gardens, as both his townhouse and his principal office. The buildings no longer exist, but elevations of them appear in
714-455: A draughtsman and as an exponent of the classical style... John Nash needed the son's aid, as well as the father's'. Subsequent to the Crown Estate 's refusal to finance them, James Burton agreed to personally finance the construction projects of John Nash at Regent's Park , which he had already been commissioned to construct. In return, Nash agreed to promote the career of Decimus Burton. Nash
816-667: A lack of emotion characteristic of his family. Decimus left Tonbridge School in 1816 and entered directly the Royal Academy Schools , in 1817. His contemporaries at the Royal Academy included Sydney Smirke , with whom he would restore Temple Church, London between 1841 and 1843, and William Tite . As a consequence of his father's social position, Burton was able to enter the Schools at an unprecedentedly young age, without having been previously articled to an architect. There he
918-460: A man, possessed of very considerable talents, unwearied industry, and a capital of his own, the extraordinary success of the improvement of the Foundling Estate could not have taken place... By his own peculiar resources of mind, he has succeeded in disposing of his buildings and rents, under all disadvantages of war, and of an unjust clamour which has repeatedly been raised against him. Mr Burton
1020-638: A permanent clubhouse. The Trustees of the Club who employed Burton were the Earl of Aberdeen, former Prime Minister and President of the Society of Antiquaries of London ; Sir Thomas Lawrence, President of the Royal Academy; and Sir Humphry Davy, President of the Royal Society. Decimus continued to work for the club until 1864, and designed Croker's villa at Stokes Bay , near Gosport , in around 1840. Burton's Athenaeum clubhouse
1122-423: A plot at Spring Gardens, St. James's Park, at the east end of The Mall, where he constructed Nos. 10, and 11, and 12 Spring Gardens as both his townhouse and his office. Burton was one of the first architects to consider the implications of architecture on the creation of distinct urban environments. The evidence given by Burton to two Parliamentary select committees demonstrates the breadth of his knowledge, and
SECTION 10
#17328550320251224-456: A site on a hill about one mile to the south of Tonbridge in Kent, where he constructed, to the designs of the architect Joseph T. Parkinson , in 1805, the large country mansion which he named Mabledon House, which was described in 1810 by the local authority as 'an elegant imitation of an ancient castellated mansion'. The majority of the stone that James Burton required for Mabledon was quarried from
1326-557: A small proportion survives) was highly commended. Burton was a member of London high society during the Georgian era and during the Regency era . He had close friendships with Princess Victoria (the future Queen Victoria); the Duchess of Kent ; William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire , John Wilson Croker , and Sir Humphry Davy . The Burtons' London mansion, The Holme of Regent's Park, which
1428-538: A visit to the Zoo an aesthetic, as well as an educational, pleasure. They brought a suggestion of foreign lands to the flattish expanses at the foot of Primrose Hill ". Burton laid out the Zoo in the picturesque style, and designed the early animal houses in the cottage orné style. As a consequence of the success of his London Zoo designs, Burton received more commissions than he were able to complete himself, and, consequently, employed assistants, began to train pupils, and bought
1530-511: Is even worse than we anticipated – the destruction of the arch by the statue, and of the statue by its elevation on the arch, more complete. Every post brings us letters urging renewed efforts to remove the figure to another site". The contestation about the prospective removal of the statue became national. However, the Government failed to remove the statue, despite that they had professed, when it had been placed, that they would do so if it provoked
1632-458: Is in the Neoclassical style, with both Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, and Renaissance Italian elements: it has a Doric portico with paired columns, and has been described by architectural scholar Guy Williams as 'a building of remarkable grace and astonishing novelty' with a central staircase that is 'distinctly Egyptian in flavour'. The Corinthian-columns of the entrance hall, informed by those of
1734-767: Is located in a busy position, with traffic from the Embankment and many pedestrian tourists passing from the Westminster Abbey , Parliament Square and Whitehall to the west over the bridge past the South Bank Lion towards County Hall , the London Eye , and Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank . Its plinth is often obscured behind a souvenir stall. It became a Grade II listed building in 1958. Decimus Burton Decimus Burton (30 September 1800 – 14 December 1881)
1836-449: The Duchess of Kent ; William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire ; John Wilson Croker ; John Nash; Sir Humphry Davy; George Bellas Greenough; Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood ; and their Canadian cousin, Thomas Chandler Haliburton . Decimus and his siblings, Jane, James (born 1786), Septimus, the solicitor, Octavia, and Jessy, would host Thomas on his visits to London. Burton was "on excellent terms" with Princess Victoria, and with
1938-528: The Iceni tribe of Britons , accompanied by her two daughters, mounted on a scythed chariot drawn by two rearing horses. The chariot is based on Roman models, not native British or Iceni models, and has a scythe blade attached to each wheel. The queen stands upright, in a flowing gown, with a spear in her right hand and her left hand raised. Her daughters, with bared breasts, crouch in the chariot, one to either side of their mother. None of them holds reins to control
2040-672: The Netherlands in 1846 and Germany in 1850. He toured Italy , including Venice . He toured Canada and the United States , after departing Liverpool for Halifax, Nova Scotia , with his cousin Thomas Chandler Haliburton , a Tory MP and author. Burton collected casts, which informed his work, over 200 of which he donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum , which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. Although he
2142-591: The Roman revival Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner, which delighted the King and his Committee, and which architectural historian Guy Williams describes as 'one of the most pleasing architectural works that have survived from the neo-classical age'. The triumphal arch became the Wellington Arch at Constitution Hill into Green Park, London, which has been described as 'one of London's best loved landmarks'. Burton designed
SECTION 20
#17328550320252244-465: The Royal Institute of British Architects , of which he had served as president. However, Burton donated 200 of his extensive collection of casts, which informed his work, to the Victoria and Albert Museum , which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. Amongst Burton's possession on his death were an oil painting of St. John, copied by Sir Joshua Reynolds from a work by Raphael; a model of
2346-507: The classical and the picturesque , and it is the picturesque that is predominant in much of his later work ". In his later career, Decimus designed buildings in the Gothic revival style , the old English style and in the cottage orné style. His Gothic revival designs are unoriginal as he had little sympathy for the style. Burton has been described, by architectural scholar Guy Williams, as "rich, cool, well-dressed, apparently celibate,
2448-447: The 'monstrous carbuncles' so disliked by the present Prince of Wales – if the attacked party [Decimus Burton] had been a little more pugnacious, and so better equipped to stand his ground ". In 1847 the problem of accommodating Queen Victoria 's expanding family was becoming acute. It was "solved" in two steps by Decimus Burton and W.A. Nesfield. With his eye for landscape, Burton had John Nash's triumphal monument, originally intended as
2550-520: The Athenaeum, with 14 men present, was held at the rooms of the Royal Society on 16 February 1824, where a committee was formed that resolved: first, that temporary premises would be rented at 12 Waterloo Place, which had been constructed by the company of Club member James Burton, the pre-eminent London property developer; and, second, that Decimus Burton, then 24 years old, would be commissioned to design
2652-609: The Athenian Tower of the Winds , are Greek: the barrel-vaulted ceiling Roman. John Summerson contends design were informed by that of Baldassare Peruzzi 's 17th century Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne in Rome. Burton made himself responsible for the design of as many of the decorative features of the club as possible, including the clock-cases and the pendant light-fittings. When the Clubhouse
2754-604: The Bishop of Coventry which was almost the only major artefact that survived the bombing of Coventry Cathedral in 1940. Morris Singer skilfully repaired the damaged casting in the 1950s. In 1967, the company moved premises to a more spacious site in Basingstoke . Oscar Nemon 's seated statue of Sigmund Freud in Hampstead was cast there and installed in 1971. In 1984, it was owned by listed company William Morris Fine Arts . Since 2001,
2856-541: The Board of Commissioners of Woods and Forests, selected Decimus Burton as the project's architect: in 1828, when giving evidence to a Parliamentary select committee on the Government's spending on public works, Arbuthnot explained that he had nominated Burton 'having seen in the Regent's Park, and elsewhere, works which pleased my eye, from their architectural beauty and correctness'. Burton intended to create an urban space dedicated to
2958-592: The Calverley Estate contained elements of the neoclassical-, the Old English-, and the neogothic styles, and was highly commended: it has been described as "a landmark in English domestic architecture" and the "prototype garden suburb". M. Wilson contends that 'Decimus Burton's laying out of the Calverley Estate is the best surviving embodiment of Early Victorian seriousness and refinement'. Christopher Hussey , of Country Life , commended Burton's 'restrained eclectism' in
3060-526: The Calverley developments. Williams contends that the Calverley Estate be 'one of the great architectural successes of the nineteenth century' and that 'Decimus Burton's reputation could be assured by his work here alone', and describes Burton's villas at the estate as 'domestic masterpiece[s]'. Henry Russell Hitchcock described Burton's Calverley Estate as 'the finest extant example' of its kind. Sir John Soane's friend John Britton described Burton's Calverley as
3162-578: The Coffee Houses and Taverns so that the artist, or mere literary man... are in a much worse position ". Croker suggested 30 names for the club's organizing Committee, including the Earl of Aberdeen , the Earl of Ashburnham , Earl Spencer , Lord Palmerston , Sir Thomas Lawrence , Francis Chantrey , and Robert Smirke the Younger: all of those invited, except Richard Payne Knight , accepted. The first meeting of
Morris Singer - Misplaced Pages Continue
3264-428: The Crown, to offer any other site, but the statue's subscribers rejected all alternative proposals. Every single MP except Sir Frederick Trench wanted the statue to be placed elsewhere. Canning wrote that 'the remonstrances which reach Her Majesty's Government against the proposed appropriation of the arch are so many and so strong, the representations of its architect, Mr. Burton, in the same sense, are so earnest, and
3366-541: The Duchess of Kent. The Princess and the Duchess, with several courtiers, had laid the foundation stone of a Decimus Burton School in Tunbridge Wells , and, five weeks later, in autumn 1834, they had stayed, by Burton's invitation, at James Burton's private villa at St Leonards-on-Sea , until several weeks into 1835. From 1818, Burton resided, with his father, at The Holme, Regent's Park, which has been described as "one of
3468-500: The Duchess of Kent. The villas constructed by Burton on the Calverley Estate were intended for the gentry, and each would be able to accommodate several servants. Burton's design is predominantly Georgian neoclassical in style, but includes elements of the Italianate-, Old English or Tudor-, neogothic-, and cottage orne styles. Burton designed 24 villas, the first of which was completed in autumn 1828: nearly twenty years would pass until
3570-675: The Help for Heroes statue. Boadicea and Her Daughters Boadicea and Her Daughters is a bronze sculptural group in London representing Boudica , queen of the Celtic Iceni tribe, who led an uprising in Roman Britain . It is located to the north side of the western end of Westminster Bridge , near Portcullis House and Westminster Pier , facing Big Ben and the Palace of Westminster across
3672-519: The Temple on the Ilissus at Athens; a statuette of an Angel copied from an original by Thorvaldsen; framed drawings of 'A Royal Palace' by Joseph Gandy ARA (b. 1771), who had been described as 'an English Piranesi '; and a bronze lamp suspended from a snake's mouth. An obituary notice said "No architect was better known, and none was better respected, for he was amiable, considerable, and gentle to all". During
3774-461: The acquaintance of James Burton, who consented to patronize him. James Burton was responsible for the social and financial patronage of the majority of Nash's London designs, in addition to for their construction, and Decimus became acquainted with Nash through his father. Architectural scholar Guy Williams has written, 'John Nash relied on James Burton for moral and financial support in his great enterprises. Decimus had showed precocious talent as
3876-499: The arch's iron gates, which were constructed by Bramah and Co. of Pimlico. Burton's original design for the triumphal arch, which was modelled on the Arch of Titus at Rome, on which the central and side blocks of the Screen had been modelled, was more technically perfect, and coherent with the Screen, than that of the arch that was subsequently built: this original design, however, was rejected by
3978-516: The arch, but it is more coherent with the arch than Wyatt's statue, and its figures, unlike those of Wyatt's statue, are aligned with the roadway under the arch. By the end of 1829, Burton had completed London Zoo , which had opened in April 1828, to fervent commendation. Guy Williams records, " From all sides, Decimus Burton's Zoo buildings received the highest praise. They were playful - witty, even - while being architecturally beyond reproach. They made
4080-563: The architect'. A more unanimously successful attempt to design in the neogothic style was St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea , which he redesigned, for the Tory MP David Lyon , between 1836 and 1838. Burton created a design for a new neoclassical Houses of Parliament . Decimus Burton and his pupils commended the purchase of the Elgin Marbles for the nation, and the erection of a neoclassical gallery in which they could be displayed to
4182-520: The aristocratic residents of London. A writer in The Builder asked Charles Canning , the First Commissioner for Woods and Forests, to ban the project: " We have learnt, and can state positively, that Mr. Burton has the strongest objection possible against placing the group in question on the archway... and that he is taking no part whatever in the alteration proposed to be made in the upper part of
Morris Singer - Misplaced Pages Continue
4284-490: The aversion which it had provoked. Foreign intellectuals who visited London identified the incongruous fusion of the statue and the arch as "spectacular confirmation" of the "artistic ignorance of the English". Architectural historian Guy Williams writes that " [the] arch at Hyde Park Corner is a visible reminder of one of the fiercest attacks that have ever been launched in the worlds of art and architecture. The face of London might have been very different now – freer, perhaps, of
4386-490: The beauty of his architectural designs ". Decimus Burton subsequently became the "prime member of the Athenaeum, one of London's grandest gentlemen's clubs", of which his father James was also a member. The cast of the Apollo Belvedere positioned in the recess at the top of the principal staircase at the Athenaeum was a gift to the club from Decimus. There is a photographic portrait of Decimus, taken in 1873, preserved at
4488-597: The celebration of the House of Hanover , national pride, and the nation's heroes. The renovation of Hyde Park, Green Park , and St James's Park , began, in 1825, with the demarcation of new drives and pathways, subsequent to which Burton designed new lodges and gates, viz. Cumberland Gate, Stanhope Gate, Grosvenor Gate, the Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner , and, later, the Prince of Wales's Gate, Knightsbridge , in
4590-407: The classical style. There were no authoritative precedents for such buildings, which required windows and chimney stacks, in the classical style, and, in the words of Guy Williams, 'Burton's reticent treatment of the supernumerary features' and of the cast iron gates and railings, was 'greatly admired'. At Hyde Park Corner, the King required that "some great ceremonial outwork that would be worthy of
4692-562: The club, and the Club retains some furniture designed by Decimus. Another early member was Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood , a close friend of the Burtons. Burton was commissioned to develop the Calverley Estate by John Ward, an MP for whom he had designed his first neoclassical country residence. Great Mount Pleasant, a mansion owned by the Duke of Leeds , had been used by the Princess Victoria and
4794-615: The collection; and foreign-language texts, including volumes by Charles Percier and Jean-Baptiste Rondelet , and a complete set of Giovanni Battista Piranesi 's works, and several dictionaries. The absence of any Grand Tour early in Decimus's career meant that his books and casts were the sources for his early designs, which are technically formal in style. However, he subsequently travelled extensively in Europe and North America . His first tours were of France and Spain , in 1826. He toured
4896-503: The committee – who had envisaged a design based on the Arch of Constantine (on which Nash's Marble Arch had been modelled) – because it was not sufficiently ostentatious. Burton created a new design, "to pander to the majestic ego", which was much larger and modelled on a fragment found in the Ancient Roman forum, which was accepted on 14 January 1826, and subsequently built as the present Wellington Arch . The arch at Constitution Hill
4998-520: The company has been based in Lasham , Hampshire . To this day, the foundry has expertise in a range of services, including bronze casting, lost wax casting , moulding, patination and many more. Nic Fiddian-Green 's Still Water was installed near Marble Arch in 2011. A more recent casting was for the Tedworth House Recovery Centre, opened on 20 May 2013 by Princes William and Henry -
5100-558: The company of his father, James Burton, the pre-eminent Georgian London property developer , built. Burton's works are Hyde Park, London (including the gate or screen of Hyde Park Corner , the Wellington Arch , and the Gates); Green Park and St James's Park ; Regent's Park (including Cornwall Terrace , York Terrace , Clarence Terrace , Chester Terrace , and the villas of the Inner Circle which include his own mansion, The Holme , and
5202-532: The daughter of John and Mary Westley. His father was born James Haliburton, and shortened his surname to Burton in 1794, between the births of his fourth and fifth children. The paternal grandfather was William Haliburton (1731–1785), a London property developer of Scottish descent. On his father's side, Decimus's great-great grandparents were Rev. James Haliburton (1681–1756) and Margaret Eliott, daughter of Sir William Eliott, 2nd Baronet , and aunt of George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield . Decimus
SECTION 50
#17328550320255304-551: The designer and prime member of the Athenaeum , one of London's grandest gentlemens' clubs" where Burton "mixed with many of the greatest in the land, meeting the most creative as well as those with enormous hereditary wealth". By 1826, the name of Decimus Burton "was on the lips of everyone who cared at all about the arts and architecture": he was "very well liked [and] his modesty, politeness, and upright bearing were endearing" and "his integrity and professional competence were worthy of
5406-536: The dominant force in the design of Carlton House Terrace , where he exclusively designed No. 3 and No. 4. Decimus also designed some of the villas of the Inner Circle: his villa for the Marquess of Hertford has been described as, 'decorated simplicity, such as the hand of taste, aided by the purse of wealth can alone execute'. Decimus was a polymath and a philomath and extremely erudite in both arts and sciences, as
5508-532: The entrance to the palace, relocated to the north eastern corner of Hyde Park. He consulted on filling in the Buckingham Palace forecourt, creating new interiors and the courtyard we know today. The Royal Family were able to move in to more spacious premises. Moving the arch, stone by stone, was left to the engineering skills of Thomas Cubitt and took four years. The siting at the Cumberland Gate entrance to
5610-407: The esteem in which his opinion was held by his contemporaries. Burton's evidence to the 1840 Select Committee, which discussed plans to develop Trafalgar Square , popularised his views on urban development . This is one of the first examples of public discourse about an urban space that acknowledged the potential for its national and political significance. The Athenaeum was founded in 1824 at
5712-582: The former LCC's Survey of London Vol. XX, and views of their interiors have been preserved in Hastings Museum and Art Gallery . At the end of 1834, Burton had two "comfortable well-staffed homes", one in Spring Gardens and one at Tunbridge Wells, where he had another office at No. 10 Calverley Parade, where the Tunbridge Wells Town Hall now stands. Williams records that, for Burton, "Money
5814-656: The foundry was situated in Lambeth, London . Many famous sculptures were cast there, including that of Reynolds by Alfred Drury in the Royal Academy courtyard in London (1930), Jacob Epstein 's "St Michael's Victory over the Devil" for Coventry Cathedral and the Single Form sculpture outside the UN in 1964 by Barbara Hepworth . Thornycroft 's last work was the 1925 recumbent statue of
5916-456: The greatest respect". Burton was treated by the aristocracy 'more as a friend than as a professional advisor' and his close friendships with, and patronage by, the aristocracy were undamaged by the vituperation of both his person and his neoclassical architecture by Augustus Pugin and his disciples. The Proceedings of the Royal Society commended Burton's "extreme amiability of character". The Burtons' social circle included Princess Victoria;
6018-425: The hill on which it was to be built, but Burton also purchased the stone that had been released by the recent demolition at a nearby mansion, Penshurst Place . Decimus Burton was coincidentally commissioned to expand Mabledon, his childhood home, on several occasions after it had been sold by his father. Decimus first trained with his father and received drawing lessons from George Maddox . Decimus's father James
6120-443: The horses. The statue was commissioned in the 1850s, after Thornycroft made an equestrian statue of Queen Victoria which was exhibited at the Great Exhibition in 1851. The statue was praised by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert , and they were involved with Thornycroft's new project. Albert intended the monumental statue to be erected over the central arch of Decimus Burton 's entrance to Hyde Park , and asked Thornycroft to make
6222-414: The instigation of John Wilson Croker , then Secretary to the Admiralty , who was primarily responsible for the organisation and early development of the club. In 1823, Croker wrote to Sir Humphry Davy, " I will take the opportunity of repeating the proposition I have made to you about a Club for Literary and Scientific men and followers of the Fine Arts. The fashionable and Military Clubs... have spoiled all
SECTION 60
#17328550320256324-458: The last villa of the series were complete. Burton also constructed a series of Tudor-style servants' cottages, and three grand entrances to the estate: the Victoria Gate, and the less ornate Keston Lodge and Farnborough Lodge. In 1832, Calverley Park Crescent, designed by Burton, modelled partially on those at Bath and Buxton , was constructed at Calverley. The Crescent contained 17 shops, and covered areas for spectators. Burton's development of
6426-451: The most desirable private homes in London", which was designed as the Burton family mansion by Decimus, and built by James Burton's own company. The Holme was the second villa to be built in Regent's Park, and the first of those to be designed or constructed by the Burton family. The hallmark of the Burton design is the large semi-circular bay that divided the principal elevation, and which extended for two storeys. The original villa also had
6528-445: The new palace that lay to its rear", and accepted Burton's consequent proposal for a sequence comprising a gateway and a classical screen, and a triumphal arch, which would enable those approaching Buckingham Palace from the north to ride or drive first through the screen and then through the arch, before turning left to descend Constitution Hill and enter the forecourt of Buckingham Palace through Nash's Marble Arch . The screen became
6630-401: The north side of Parliament Hill was excavated in 1894, although no grave was found, but Thornycroft's son, John Isaac Thornycroft suggested the site would be appropriate for the location of his father's long-delayed monumental statue, but £6,000 for the casting in bronze was still not available. A committee was formed to raise funds by subscription. The necessary money was raised by 1898, and
6732-517: The opera. Decimus's design, when the villa had been completed, was described in Proceedings of the Royal Society as, 'One of the most elegant and successful adaptations of the Grecian style to purposes of modern domestic architecture to be found in this or any country'. Subsequently, Nash invited Burton to design Clarence Terrace , Regent's Park. Nash was appointed architectural 'overseer' for Decimus's Regent's Park projects: Cornwall Terrace , York Terrace , Chester Terrace , Clarence Terrace ,
6834-408: The opinion of every other eminent architect, artist, or other competent authority who has been consulted on the subject is so decided [against the placing of the Wellington statue on the arch] ". Decimus Burton himself wrote, " The arch would, I consider, suffer greatly in importance if the colossal statue in question be placed there, because it would become a mere pedestal. The want of proportion in
6936-412: The opportunity to do so. The Government placed the Wellington statue on the arch in autumn 1846: Williams contends that the product was 'ridiculous'. The Builder contended, "down, unquestionably, it must come. As the network of timber is removed, spar by spar, from before it, so do the folly of the experiment, the absurdity of the conjunction, and the greatness of the sacrifice become apparent. Its effect
7038-463: The original Winfield House ); the enclosure of the forecourt of Buckingham Palace from which he had Nash's Marble Arch moved; the clubhouse of the Athenaeum Club, London ; Carlton House Terrace ; Spring Gardens in St. James's ; and the Palm House and the Temperate House at Kew Gardens . Burton designed the seaside towns of St Leonards-on-Sea , Fleetwood , and Folkestone , and also Royal Tunbridge Wells . His Calverley Estate (of which only
7140-400: The park was eventually completed in 1851. During 1882, traffic congestion at Hyde Park Corner motivated advocacy for Burton's triumphal arch to be moved to the top of Constitution Hill to create space for traffic. In response to this advocacy, Burton's great-nephew Francis Fearon compiled and published a pamphlet that advocated the removal of the Wellington statue from the arch in the event of
7242-453: The physician Henry Burton . He was the nephew of Constance Mary Fearon, who was the founder of the Francis Bacon Society . Decimus was born at the 'very comfortable and well staffed' North House in the newly built Southampton Terrace, Bloomsbury , London. From 1805, Decimus was raised in his father's mansion, Mabledon House, in Kent . Subsequent to the birth of his twelfth child, Jessy, in 1804, Decimus's father James Burton had purchased
7344-562: The plinth reads BOADICEA / (BOUDICCA )/ QUEEN OF THE ICENI / WHO DIED A.D. 61 / AFTER LEADING HER PEOPLE / AGAINST THE ROMAN INVADER . The right side of the plinth contains an inscription with text from William Cowper 's poem Boadicea, an ode (1782): REGIONS CAESAR NEVER KNEW / THY POSTERITY SHALL SWAY . An inscription on the plinth's left side reads, THIS STATUE BY THOMAS THORNYCROFT / WAS PRESENTED TO LONDON BY HIS SON / SIR JOHN ISAAC THORNYCROFT C.E. / AND PLACED HERE BY THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL / A.D. 1902 . The statue
7446-532: The proposed surmount, compared with the columns and other details of the architecture, would show that they had been designed by different hands, and without reference for each other. ...I have desired to witness the completion of this building, as originally designed by me, and as approved by the Lords of the Treasury , yet I would prefer that the building should remain for the present in its forlorn and bare state, rather than
7548-502: The removal of the arch to another location: Fearon contended that the arch should be 'relieved once and for all of its unsightly load'. The campaign led by Fearon was successful: Wyatt's incongruous statue was removed to Aldershot , and its place on Burton's arch, which was moved to Constitution Hill in 1883, was occupied by a Quadriga by Captain Adrian Jones . Jones' statue is not nearly as elegant as Burton's designed statue intended for
7650-456: The road. It is considered the magnum opus of its sculptor, the English artist and engineer Thomas Thornycroft . Thornycroft worked on it from 1856 until shortly before his death in 1885, sometimes assisted by his son William Hamo Thornycroft , but it was not erected in its current position until 1902. The statue portrays Boudica (commonly written as "Boadicea" in the Victorian era), Queen of
7752-657: The same, and subsequently contended that the Burning of Parliament in the fire of 1834 were an opportunity for the creation of a splendid neoclassical replacement of the Houses of Parliament, in which the Elgin Marbles could be displayed: they expressed their aversion that the new seat of the British Empire would "be doomed to crouch and wither in the groinings [ sic ], vaultings, tracery, pointed roof, and flying buttresses of
7854-552: The second half of the 1820s, the Commissioners of Woods and Forests and the King resolved that Hyde Park , and the area around it, must be renovated to the extent of the splendor of rival European capital cities, and that the essence of the new arrangement would be a triumphal approach to Buckingham Palace, which had been recently completed. The committee of the project, led by the Prime Minister, Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool , and advised by Charles Arbuthnot , President of
7956-495: The statue was cast by the founder J. W. Singer in Frome for just £2,000, although there was still no site for it to be erected. Thornycroft's statue was not installed until 1902, more than 17 years after his death. It was erected at Westminster Pier in June 1902, mounted on a large granite plinth by Thomas Graham Jackson . Inscriptions were added to the plinth in 1903; that on the front of
8058-466: The structure to prepare it to receive the pedestal... Mr. Burton, through the mildness which characterizes him, has not expressed this opinion so loudly and so publicly as he ought to have done.... an opinion prevails very generally, that he is a party to the proceedings, and this has induced many to be silent who would otherwise have spoken... ". The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel , contended that another site would be preferable, and proposed, on behalf of
8160-579: The surfaces to each side, and by bringing forward, too, the houses at each end", and that "the ironwork in a classical style in James Burton's Bloomsbury terraces was, and often still is, particularly fine, though mass produced". Samuel Pepys Cockerell , advisor to the Governors of the Foundling Hospital , a contemporary of James Burton, commended James Burton's architectural excellence: Without such
8262-414: The town. Burton was commissioned to design Holy Trinity Church at Tunbridge Wells in the neo-gothic style: he unwisely accepted the commission despite that he was 'neither by temperament nor training' qualified to design a work in this style, of which he knew little, and his design was censured, in addition to commended as a 'beautiful structure' and a 'handsome structure' which 'reflects great credit on
8364-457: The ungainly statue would 'disfigure' his arch, for which it was much too large, and the surrounding neighbourhood, because it would have to be placed, contrary to all classical precedent, across, instead of parallel with, the roadway under the arch. Burton had envisaged that his arch would be topped with only a small quadriga whose horses would have been parallel with the road under the arch. Burton's objections were extensively endorsed by most of
8466-474: The villas along the Inner Circle, including The Holme and the London Colosseum according to Thomas Hornor's specifications. However, to Nash's great annoyance, Decimus disregarded the latter's advice and developed the terraces according to his own style. As a result, Nash sought, unsuccessfully, to demolish and completely rebuild Chester Terrace. Decimus subsequently eclipsed his master and emerged as
8568-437: Was a member; and the complete Histoire Naturelle (70 vols.) of G. L. L. Buffon and Bernard Germain de Lacépède ; and standard works on classical architecture, such as the five volumes of Colen Campbell , Vitruvius Britannicus by John Woolfe and James Gandon , James Gibbs 's Book of Architecture , and William Kent 's The Designs of Inigo Jones ; and numerous topographical views and surveys of cities and counties in
8670-497: Was a talented architect, in addition to the foremost contemporaneous property developer. Williams says of James Burton, "[He] was no ordinary builder. He could have put up an imposing and beautifully proportioned building, correct in every constructional detail, from the roughest of sketches tossed patronizingly at him by a 'gentleman architect ' ", and "James Burton became adept at relieving the monotony of long residential terraces by allowing their central blocks to project slightly from
8772-496: Was a vehement advocate of the neoclassical revival endorsed by Soane, although he had lost interest in the plain stone edifices typical of the Georgian style, and instead advocated the use of stucco. Decimus Burton entered the office of Nash in 1815, where he worked alongside Augustus Charles Pugin , who detested the neoclassical style. Decimus established his own architectural practice in 1821. In 1821, Nash invited Decimus to design Cornwall Terrace in Regent's Park, and Decimus
8874-476: Was also invited by George Bellas Greenough , a close friend of the Prince Regent, Humphry Davy, and Nash, to design Grove House in Regent's Park. Greenough's invitation to Decimus Burton was 'virtually a family affair', for Greenhough had dined frequently with Decimus's parents and Decimus's brothers, including the physician Henry Burton . Greenough and Decimus finalized their designs during numerous meetings at
8976-460: Was built by James's company to a design by his son Decimus Burton, was described by 20th century architectural critic Ian Nairn as 'a definition of Western civilization in a single view'. Burton also contributed to the design of their Tonbridge , Kent mansion, Mabledon. Decimus was the tenth child of James Burton , a pre-eminent London property developer (1761–1837), and Elizabeth Westley (12 December 1761 – 14 January 1837), of Loughton, Essex ,
9078-716: Was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery , alongside his brother Henry Burton , and his sister Jessy Burton. Decimus was the last of his siblings to die. Over his grave is a tapering sarcophagus of grey Cornish granite , on a stepped base, with a shallow pyramidal cover. His tomb was Grade II listed building in 2001. On his death, his property, including his extensive library and all of his architectural drafts and notes passed to surviving members of his family, mostly to his nephew Alfred Henry Burton (d.1917) or his two unmarried nieces, Helen and Emily Jane Wood, who subsequently sold their share, despite that he had left his library to
9180-460: Was completed in April 1830, the members of the Club Committee stated, " [They] are bound to express their entire satisfaction at the manner in which the work has been carried out by Mr. Burton. They can testify, and indeed the foregoing Accounts evince, the general accuracy of his estimates and they trust that the Club at large, as well as the public, must be satisfied of his professional skill, and
9282-461: Was demonstrated by the diversity of his library – a part of which was auctioned off by his nieces after his death. The sale catalogue listed 347 separate lots, some of which ran into many volumes, and demonstrated the diversity of his intellectual interests: it contained the complete Proceedings of the Camden Society , in 135 volumes; and transactions of many of the learned societies of which Burton
9384-697: Was descended from John Haliburton (1573–1627), from whom Sir Walter Scott was descended on the maternal side. Burton was a cousin of the Canadian author and British Tory MP Thomas Chandler Haliburton and of the British civil servant Lord Haliburton , who was the first native Canadian to be raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom . Decimus's siblings included the Egyptologist James Burton , and
9486-492: Was left devoid of decorative sculpture as a result of the moratorium in 1828 on public building work, and, instead, despite the absolute objection of Burton, was mounted with an ungainly equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington by Matthew Cotes Wyatt , the son of the then recently deceased James Wyatt , who had been selected by statue's commissioner, and one of its few subsequent advocates, Sir Frederick Trench . Matthew Cotes Wyatt
9588-659: Was not competent: Guy Williams contends that he was 'not noticeably talented', and the Dictionary of National Biography that 'thanks to royal and other influential patronage, Wyatt enjoyed a reputation and practice to which his mediocre abilities hardly entitled him'. Trench, and his patrons the Duke and Duchess of Rutland, had told the public subscribers to the statue that the statue would be place on top of Burton's triumphal arch at Hyde Park Corner: Burton expressed his opposition to this proposal 'as plainly and as vehemently as his nature allowed' consistently over successive years, because
9690-564: Was one of the foremost English architects and landscapers of the 19th century. He was the foremost Victorian architect in the Roman revival , Greek revival , Georgian neoclassical and Regency styles. He was a founding fellow and vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects , and from 1840 architect to the Royal Botanic Society , and an early member of the Athenaeum Club, London , whose clubhouse he designed and which
9792-416: Was ostracized within the Royal Academy and compelled to suspend his lectures. Soane commended, in contradistinction, in 1815, as an archetype of neoclassical excellence, Robert Adam 's Kedleston Hall : "In this superb structure he [Adam] has united... the taste and magnificence of a Roman villa with all the comforts and conveniences of an English Nobleman's residence". Whereas Decimus's father James Burton
9894-438: Was present in the design and construction of lower Regent Street . Simultaneously, Maddox taught Decimus architectural draughtsmanship, including the details of the five orders. After his first year of tuition by his father and Maddox, Decimus submitted to the Royal Academy of Arts a design for a bridge, which was commended by the academy. Burton has been described by Williams as "an exceptionally clever child" who demonstrated
9996-511: Was ready to come forward with money and personal assistance to relieve and help forward those builders who were unable to proceed in their contracts; and in some instances he has been obliged to resume the undertaking and complete himself what has been weakly and imperfectly proceeded with.... In 1815, James Burton took Decimus to Hastings, where the two would later design and build St Leonards-on-Sea and, in 1816, Decimus commenced work in James Burton's office. While working for his father, Decimus
10098-520: Was rolling in. Income tax was of no concern. [Decimus] had a brother who could look after his business affairs and see to his investments". Burton retired in 1869, and subsequently resided at his homes at Gloucester Gardens, Kensington , and St. Leonards Lodge, St. Leonards-on-Sea, which adjoined 'The Uplands' and 'The Lawn' developments which he had designed. He never married nor had issue. He died in December 1881, at 1 Gloucester Road, Kensington , and
10200-469: Was taught by Sir John Soane , for whom his brother, James , had also worked. Soane was an advocate of the Neo-Palladian style, but had repudiated, including to his students, Robert Smirke's new Theatre Royal, Covent Garden , which had not been built in proportion: Soane used special diagrams to demonstrate to his students, including Burton, the failings of Smirke's design, as a consequence of which he
10302-521: Was the leading exponent of Greek revival architecture , Burton was uniquely and significantly influenced by Ancient Roman architecture . It was in his Georgian neoclassical work that he attained the acme of his excellence. Dana Arnold (2002) described his Neoclassical work thus: " His use of the orders is always correct, but he showed a lack of pedantry in their application that sets him apart from some of his more doctrinaire contemporaries, such as Hamilton and Smirke. From Nash he had learned to combine
10404-449: Was vigorously industrious, and had become 'most gratifyingly rich', John Nash 's early years in private practice, and his first speculative developments, which failed either to sell or let, were unsuccessful, and his consequent financial shortage was exacerbated by the 'crazily extravagant' wife whom he had married before he had completed his training, until he was declared bankrupt in 1783. To resolve his financial shortage, Nash cultivated
#24975