70-703: Moorsbus is a network of seasonal bus services operating to and around the North York Moors . It was launched in the 1980s by the North York Moors National Park Authority, and as of 2024, is managed by the Friends of Moorsbus not for profit members association. Funding for the services comes from fares, donations and contributions made by local councils and authorities. Operators that currently hold Moorbus contracts are: Arriva, First York, Reliance and York Pullman. The network ceased operation at
140-498: A limited-stop express service running directly between York and Leeds via the A64 , A1(M) and M1 . The service aimed to attract motorists by offering a faster journey compared to the company's Coastliner service, with journeys taking around 45 minutes between the cities compared to over an hour on the Coastliner, and to provide a competitive alternative to the railway. As of April 2022,
210-649: A circular long distance bridle route created around the North York Moors which can be accessed at a number of locations. The steep escarpments that define the edges of the National Park on three sides are used by several gliding clubs. In late 2020, the National Park was named as an International Dark Sky Reserve. This honour confirms that the area has "low levels of light pollution with good conditions for astronomy". The National Park has two visitor centres which have tourist information and exhibitions, as well as
280-543: A collection of circular stone hut foundations on Percy Rigg. Other evidence of Iron Age occupation is scarce, having been obliterated by subsequent agricultural activity. By 71 AD, the Roman army had reached Yorkshire, where they established a fort at Malton. Wade's Causeway may have been one of the several Roman roads which radiated from this point. It led north-eastwards over the Vale of Pickering and across Wheeldale Moor towards
350-647: A contemporary gallery. These are at: The North York Moors have not changed much in the past 50 years, and are often used as a location for British television programmes and films . The series Heartbeat and the scenes of Hogsmeade Station in the Harry Potter movies were filmed in Goathland . Yorkshire Coastliner Yorkshire Coastliner is a bus company that operates both local and regional bus services in North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire , England. It
420-579: A depot at Idle , West Yorkshire . Services 737, 747 and 757 were subsequently rebranded Flyer and renumbered A1 ( Horsforth & Leeds ), A2 ( Bradford & Harrogate ) and A3 (Bradford, Guiseley , Otley & Shipley ). As of April 2022, services are operated by a fleet of Optare Versa single-deck vehicles, branded in a yellow and purple livery. The vehicles include free WiFi, USB charging ports, audio-visual next stop announcements and additional luggage storage. Some vehicles are also fitted with wireless chargers. These buses will be replaced by
490-487: A fleet of 15 Mercedes-Benz Citaro hybrid electric single-deck vehicles, an order worth £4 million, which are expected to enter service by the end of 2024. The York & Country brand encompasses local services operating in and around the cathedral city of York, with destinations including Acomb , Derwenthorpe , Fulford , Haxby and Rawcliffe . Services are operated by a fleet of Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC and Optare Versa single-deck vehicles branded in
560-515: A fleet of five brand new double-deck Wright StreetDeck vehicles were ordered, however this order was subsequently cancelled in favour of four brand new double-deck Alexander Dennis Enviro400MMC vehicles – an investment of £1.4 million. In December 2020, the new Enviro400MMC fleet entered service. The vehicles included free WiFi, USB and wireless charging, tables and audio-visual next stop announcements. The CityZap service ceased operations on 19 November 2022, with Transdev Blazefield claiming
630-408: A further link via Coxwold , Byland Abbey and Ampleforth to Helmsley. A Ryedale Community Transport bus ran from Malton, Pickering and Kirkbymoorside and provided a shuttle between Helmsley and Rievaulx Abbey and Sutton Bank . North York Moors The North York Moors is an upland area in north-eastern Yorkshire , England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in
700-635: A low watershed, is drained by the River Leven , which flows west to join the River Tees . On their south side, the moorland is incised by a series of dales which drain into tributaries of the River Derwent . The westernmost dale is Rye Dale , to the west of which rise the Hambleton Hills . Bilsdale is a side dale of Rye Dale. East of Bilsdale Bransdale , Farndale , Rosedale and Newton Dale cut into
770-521: A new Danish kingdom based at York. The Danes settled in the area and later themselves became Christian. They introduced their language, elements of which still remain in the local dialect, and renamed a number of settlements. King William I of England and his Norman barons took control of the nation in 1066. Central to the imposition of Norman rule was the building of castles. There are well-preserved castle ruins at Helmsley, Pickering and Scarborough and others existed at Ayton, Danby, Mulgrave and Whorlton. In
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#1732854929646840-504: A number of gods, notably Woden . However, Christianity came to Yorkshire when King Edwin of Northumbria was baptised in 627 AD at York. Christian monasteries were established at Lastingham in 654 and Whitby in 657. A nunnery was built at Hackness in 680. In the 9th century, Viking raiders began to attack the Yorkshire coast, and in 867 these Danes destroyed the religious houses at Whitby, Lastingham and Hackness and after battle set up
910-613: A two-tone blue livery, and also a fleet of Mellor Strata minibuses branded in a two-tone grey livery. Upon the buyout of original franchise operators Top Line Travel in 2008, Yorkshire Coastliner run the York franchise of international tour bus company City Sightseeing . Services are operated by a fleet of Alexander Dennis Enviro400 open-top double-deck vehicles and a Plaxton President bodied VDL DB250 open-top double-deck vehicle, branded in City Sightseeing's red livery. In 2014,
980-520: A widespread scattering of flint tools and the barbed flint flakes used in arrows and spears. By 5000 BC, as global sea levels rose and the North Sea came into existence, Britain was cut off from mainland Europe. During the New Stone Age, which lasted from around 4500 to 2000 BC, the population increased and agriculture was adopted. These early farmers were the first to destroy the forest cover of
1050-466: Is a subsidiary of Transdev Blazefield . The company was established in 1990, when the York -based services of AJS Group were sold to Yorkshire Rider . At the time, AJS Group retained the regional services between Leeds and Bridlington , Filey , Scarborough and Whitby via York and Malton . In August 1991, Yorkshire Coastliner was included in the purchase of AJS Group by Blazefield Group , following
1120-598: Is abundant rain and poor drainage. Cotton grass is a distinctive plant which grows in the boggy areas. In the cold acid waters of peat bogs there is little decomposition of organic material with the result that the dead sphagnum moss gradually accumulates to form peat. This raises the levels of the bogs and they dry out. Heather then invades the area. Large areas of the moorland are now covered in heather, bilberries and grasses growing on thick layers of peat. The acid soils and peat bogs are unsuitable for earthworms so species which usually feed on earthworms such as moles and
1190-600: Is an east-west branch line rail link from Whitby to Middlesbrough in the north, and the North Yorkshire Moors steam railway runs from Pickering to Grosmont with a link to Whitby. Other public transport within the North York Moors includes a number of bus services. Yorkshire Coastliner route 840 runs from Whitby to Pickering (and continues to York and Leeds), Arriva North East routes X93 and X94 run from Scarborough to Middlesbrough via Whitby and Guisborough, Arriva North East route 95 runs from Whitby to Lealholm along
1260-450: Is burned in strips by gamekeepers and farmers to encourage new heather growth to feed the grouse. Grouse shooting is part of the moorland economy. About 20 per cent of the national park is covered in bracken . Few things can grow under its dense cover and it does not support many insects and is unpalatable to most animals. The bracken is extremely invasive. Sheep are a ubiquitous part of the moorland landscape. Their grazing helps to maintain
1330-437: Is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts , bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions, there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fine weather. In winter, anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer, the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions, which can lead to drought. For its latitude, this area
1400-579: Is milder in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean . Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night and January is the coldest time of the year. The two dominant influences on the climate of the North York Moors are the shelter against the worst of the moist westerly winds provided by the Pennines and
1470-719: Is variable from year to year, but the area gets much more snow on average than other parts of the country. Heavy falls are associated with northeasterly winds off the North Sea. Roads over the high moorland areas are notoriously prone to drifting snow due to the exposed nature of the terrain. Average recordings are: The geology of the North York Moors is dominated by rocks of the Jurassic period. They were mostly laid down in subtropical seas 205 to 142 million years ago. Fluctuations in sea level produced different rock types varying from shales to sandstones and limestones derived from coral. These marine and delta deposited rocks are well exposed on
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#17328549296461540-591: The A169 runs between Pickering and Whitby. More centrally, a minor road departs from the A170 at Keldholme and passes through Castleton before joining the A171 which connects Whitby and Guisborough . The most westerly route is the B1257 connecting Helmsley to Stokesley . The A170 from Thirsk to Scarborough marks the southern boundary of the North York Moors area. The Esk Valley Line
1610-674: The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 . Popular named walks include the Cleveland Way , which circles the North York Moors, including a coastal section; and the Lyke Wake Walk , which leads directly across the heart of the National Park. The route of the White Rose Way , a long distance walk from Leeds to Scarborough also passes through. The area also offers opportunities for cycling , mountain biking , and horse-riding , including
1680-515: The Devensian , ended about 11,000 years ago. The higher parts of the North York Moors were not covered by the ice sheets but glaciers flowed southwards on either side of the higher land mass. As the climate became warmer at the end of the ice age, the snowfields on the North York Moors began to melt. The meltwater was unable to escape northwards, westwards or eastwards because it was blocked by ice. Huge torrents of water were forced southwards. Water from
1750-724: The North Sea coast. The northern and western boundaries are defined by the steep scarp slopes of the Cleveland Hills edging the Tees lowlands and the Hambleton Hills above the Vale of Mowbray . To the south lies the broken line of the Tabular Hills and the Vale of Pickering . Four roads cross the North York Moors from north to south. In the east, the A171 joins Whitby and Scarborough . Further inland,
1820-424: The common shrew are absent on the moorland. The pygmy shrew survives by eating the insects and spiders that live in the heather. Lapwing , curlew and redshank breed on the moorland and there are sandpipers along the streams. Wheatear and golden plovers inhabit grassier patches on the moorland and ring ouzels live in stony areas. Red grouse , which feed on young heather shoots, are abundant. The heather
1890-470: The wood vetch and orchids are also to be found. Adders are widespread throughout the national park. On the moors they eat common lizards and around the hedgerows and woodland edges they feed on mice and voles. The limestone grasslands support a wide variety of wild flowers, and many rarer butterflies can be seen. Pearl-bordered fritillary , Duke of Burgundy fritillary , marbled white , dingy skipper and grayling are just some of species that inhabit
1960-435: The 11th and 12th centuries monasteries were established on the moors at Whitby Abbey , Rievaulx Abbey , Byland Abbey and Mount Grace Priory . Gifts of land and money were bestowed on these establishments and the monastic orders became notable landowners, eventually owning about a third of the land in the area. The abbeys managed their land as sheep farms and became very rich on the profits. They continued to take in land from
2030-409: The 19th century railways were built from Pickering to Whitby (1836), Middlesbrough to Whitby (1868) and Scarborough to Whitby (1884). Locally sourced iron ore has been processed on the North York Moors from medieval times. In the 19th century it became a boom industry. Dozens of ironstone mines and several short-lived blast furnaces were constructed. Between 1856 and 1926 high-grade magnetic ironstone
2100-471: The 840 service, which runs between Leeds and Whitby, was voted as the "most scenic bus route in Britain" in an online poll. In September 2020, in partnership with Leeds Bradford Airport , Transdev Blazefield and West Yorkshire Combined Authority , the company commenced operation of a network services centring around the airport. Operations were transferred from former operator, Yorkshire Tiger , including
2170-499: The Esk Valley, and East Yorkshire route 128 connects Scarborough and Helmsley. On weekends during the summer, these are complemented by Moorsbus services, which run from local urban centres into more remote parts of the national park which are difficult to access without private transport. Some of the routes across the North York Moors are noted for their beauty – the 840 was declared Britain's most scenic bus route by Bus Users UK while
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2240-480: The Esk valley area flowed southwards gouging out the deep Newtondale valley as it went. Water from the North York Moors formed a vast lake in the area of the Vale of Pickering. Eventually this lake filled its basin and then overflowed at the lowest point which was at Kirkham. Here it cut the steep sided Kirkham gorge. When the ice finally retreated it left deep deposits of boulder clay (or till ) behind. The boulder clay blocked
2310-526: The Moors Rambler from Darlington to Pickering via Middlesbrough and Guisborough. In 2015, East Yorkshire Motor Services ran a summer Sunday/Bank holiday service and Moorsbus Community Interest Company operated two buses, linking Darlington , Teesside , Saltburn , Redcar , Guisborough , Northallerton , Thirsk , Kirkbymoorside , Helmsley and Pickering. In 2016, Moorsbus Community Interest Company operated three buses on their routes from prior years and
2380-584: The Moors and finally destroyed much of the original forest. The climate was relatively warmer and drier at this time so it was possible to live on the high moors throughout the year. When a piece of land was exhausted of nutrients, these people moved on, leaving behind land that was incapable of supporting anything but a heathland vegetation. There are about 3,000 Bronze Age burial mounds on the moors. The Iron Age dates from about 600 BC. There are remains of two promontory hill forts at Boltby Scar and Roulston Scar and
2450-461: The North Sea coast. There are Roman camps at Cawthorn and Lease Rigg near Grosmont and signal stations along the coast at Filey, Scarborough, Ravenscar, Goldsborough and Hunt Cliff . The Romans left Britain in 410 AD. After the departure of the Romans, Germanic tribes arrived and settled in the area. These Angles, Saxons and Jutes gave many of the place names to villages on the moors. They worshipped
2520-639: The United Kingdom. The area was designated as a National Park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 . Covering an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km ), the National Park has a population of 23,380. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which is based in Helmsley . To the east, the area is clearly defined by the impressive cliffs of
2590-517: The Vale of Pickering flowing westwards, turns southwards at Malton and flows through the eastern part of the Vale of York before emptying into the River Ouse at Barmby on the Marsh . As part of the United Kingdom, the North York Moors area generally has warm summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it
2660-572: The X93 was the tenth most scenic. The cyclists in the 2018 and 2019 Tour de Yorkshire passed through a section of the North York Moors. The North York Moors consist of a moorland plateau, dissected by a number of deep dales or valleys containing cultivated land or woodland. The largest dale is Eskdale , the valley of the River Esk which flows from west to east and empties into the North Sea at Whitby . The Cleveland Hills rise north of Eskdale. At
2730-445: The Yorkshire coast from Staithes to Filey. Subsequently, about 30 million years ago, the land was uplifted and tilted towards the south by earth movements. The upper layers of rock were eroded away and the older rocks were exposed in places. Because of the tilt the oldest rocks became exposed in the north. These are the bands of shales and ironstones on the northern scarp of the North York Moors and Cleveland Hills. The middle layers form
2800-434: The air and salt or clear water. Rock pools contain sea anemones , blennies , crabs and molluscs . Sandy shores harbour a variety of plants and animals which are buried in the sand. Birds such as curlews and oyster catchers are to be seen prodding the sand to find these creatures for food. A few cormorants and fulmars breed along the coast where stonechats and rock pipits can also be spotted. Herring gulls are
2870-505: The cold climate of the ice age ameliorated and temperatures rose above growing point of 5.5 °C (41.9 °F). Plant life was gradually re-established and animals and humans also returned. Around 8,000 BC, Britain was still part of the European landmass, and communities of Middle Stone Age people migrated to England and began to inhabit the North York Moors. Relics of this early hunting, gathering and fishing community have been found as
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2940-506: The commonest breeding birds and are an interesting sight nesting in the chimneys of coastal towns. There are records of 12,000 archaeological sites and features in the North York Moors National Park of which 700 are scheduled monuments . Radio carbon dating of pollen grains preserved in the moorland peat provides a record of the actual species of plants that existed at various periods in the past. About 10,000 years ago,
3010-462: The eastern end of the Vale of Pickering causing a permanent deviation in the course of the River Derwent. Alluvium from the glacial meltwater covers many areas to the north of the moors and in the Esk valley. The North York Moors National Park encompasses three main types of landscape, whose differences are clearly visible, and the coastal belt. There are predominantly green areas of pasture land,
3080-551: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic had made running the express service unsustainable. In February 2012, Transdev purchased local services that were operated by York Pullman at the time, including the operation of the Unibus branded service 44 ( York Station to the University of York ), as well as the ub.1 campus shuttle. Shortly after, the route received a refreshed fleet, including
3150-535: The end of October 2013 when North York Moors National Park Authority withdrew funding. A reduced service ran on summer Sundays and Bank Holidays in 2014 after a campaign by Friends of Moorsbus. East Yorkshire Motor Services ran a service from Hull to Danby via Beverley and Pickering , and the Dales and Bowland Community Interest Company, on behalf of the Moorsbus Community Interest Company, ran
3220-418: The fleet used on York's sightseeing tours were converted to electric drivetrains by Magtec. This has been regarded to be the first time a double-decker bus had been converted to electric in the world. However in 2020, these vehicles were replaced for ones that are diesel-operated. As of October 2024 , the services operated and respective brands are: The CityZap brand was introduced on 27 March 2016 as
3290-415: The high ground. These woodland areas are the home of pied flycatchers, sparrow hawks and wood warblers . Roe and fallow deer can also be found here. The woodlands and south facing grasslands on the limestone belt provide a good habitat for many butterflies. The fertile alkaline soils support an abundance of wild flowers. Bluebells and primroses grow in the hedgerows in spring and rarer plants such as
3360-449: The industry grew in the middle of the 19th century in response to a fashion for the jewellery produced from it. In the 1880s cheap imports produced a decline in the industry which was focused on Whitby. The remains of alum quarries are to be found to the north of the area and along the coast. Alum was important to the textile industry because it was used as a mordant or fixative for dyes that were used to colour cloth. The industry thrived in
3430-428: The introduction of single-deck Wright Renown bodied Volvo B10BLEs and double-deck Plaxton President bodied Volvo B7TLs to the fleet, as well as the purchase of an Optare Solo SR EV minibus. In July 2015, with the contract for the Unibus services being awarded to First York , Transdev entered into a bus war with First by continuing to run the route 44 on a commercial basis, rivalling First's new 66 service to
3500-426: The livestock farms. The main arable crops are barley, wheat, oilseed rape, potatoes, and sugar beets. There is also some intensive production of pigs and poultry. Many visitors to the North York Moors are engaged in outdoor pursuits, particularly walking ; the National Park has a network of public rights of way almost 1,400 miles (2,300 km) in length, and most of the areas of open moorland are open access under
3570-480: The moorland. In the south east, the landscape is marked by the narrow valleys of the upper reaches of the Derwent and its upper tributaries. About 23 per cent of the North York Moors is under woodland cover (mostly located to the south-west and south-east), equivalent to more than 300 square kilometres of trees. It is home to the largest concentration of ancient and veteran trees in northern England. The Derwent crosses
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#17328549296463640-455: The moors. Their settlements were concentrated in the fertile parts of the limestone belt and these areas have been continuously farmed ever since. The Neolithic farmers grew crops, kept animals, made pottery and were highly skilled at making stone implements. They buried their dead in long low burial mounds. Around 2000 BC, the early Bronze Age Beaker People inhabited the Moors. During a 1,400 year period, these people inhabited all areas of
3710-779: The national park. The cliffs and sandy bays of the northern end of the Yorkshire Coast offer an assortment of seashore habitats. An area where the Cleveland Hills meets the sea has been designated as a Heritage Coast . The cliff at Boulby, at 690 feet (210 m), the highest point on the east coast of England is formed by Jurassic shales, clays and ironstones. There are also fine exposures of Jurassic rocks with their characteristic fossils around Robin Hoods Bay and Ravenscar. Rocky shores offer an abundance of seaweeds in zones of different types which are more and less tolerant of exposure to
3780-493: The open wild landscape that is needed for many other plants and animals to thrive. Limestone weathers quickly to produce nutrient rich alkaline soils on well drained rocks. Gouging by glacial meltwaters has left spectacular valleys along whose floors run streams. The limestone streams with their nutrient rich waters support an abundance of aquatic invertebrates such as insect larvae and crustaceans . These in turn support such fish as trout and grayling . Insects which emerge from
3850-455: The park each year, has been formed and maintained by generations of farmers. The 1996 Agricultural Census recorded a total workforce of 2,913 employed on 1,342 working farms. Sheep and cattle provide the prime source of farm income. The dale farms have rights to graze sheep on the open moor. The rights to moorland grazing are often essential to the economic viability of a farm. In recent years agriculture in Britain has suffered economic setbacks and
3920-406: The proximity of the North Sea . Late, chilly springs and warm summers are a feature of the area, but there are often spells of fine autumn weather. Onshore winds in spring and early summer bring mists or low stratus clouds (known locally as sea frets) to the coasts and moorland. Within the area, variations in climate are brought about by local differences in altitude, aspect and shelter. Snowfall
3990-406: The purple and brown heather moorland, and woodland. The three kinds of scenery are the result of differences in the underlying geology and each supports different wildlife communities. Sandstones erode slowly and form poor acid soils which are deficient in nutrients. They are less permeable to water, impeding drainage and encouraging the formation of bogs. Sphagnum moss bogs are common where there
4060-442: The region from the early 17th century until 1871. Its decline came when chemical dyes were discovered. The scars of industrial activity on the moors make it an interesting area in which to pursue industrial archaeology. The area's economy is mainly founded on tourism and agriculture . For over a thousand years the basis of the economy in the North York Moors was agriculture. The rural scene, which attracts millions of visitors to
4130-535: The sale of seven of the company's eight remaining bus firms at the time – a deal valued at £2.2 million. In January 2006, French-based operator Transdev acquired the Blazefield Group, along with 305 vehicles. In August 2008, Top Line Travel and Veolia Transport were purchased. The company further expanded in February 2012, following the purchase of York Pullman 's local bus operations. The sale included
4200-513: The sandstones of the high moorland and the youngest layers of limestone form the Tabular Hills. In the dales, where the rivers have cut through the younger rocks, there are also exposures of older shales, ironstone and sandstone. Rosedale is an example of this. During the Quaternary period , the last 2 million years, the area has experienced a sequence of glaciations . The most recent glaciation,
4270-478: The service operated daily, with an hourly frequency during the day. There was no early morning or evening service. The service was notable for its use of sat-nav equipment to choose the quickest route and avoid congestions. The service initially ran with a fleet of five Wright Eclipse Gemini bodied Volvo B7TL double-deck vehicles. The vehicles were branded for the route in a silver/red livery, and featured free WiFi and USB charging capabilities. In June 2019,
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#17328549296464340-420: The settlements took the form of isolated farms and hamlets rather than villages. Very few had an open field system of agriculture so Enclosure Acts were rarer than in other parts of England. The 17th century saw a major acceleration in the reclaiming of marginal waste land and in the eighteenth century forward looking landlords attempted to improve their lands using drainage schemes and fertilisation measures. In
4410-424: The towns and villages of Malton , Pickering and Thornton-le-Dale , and the coastal resorts of Scarborough and Whitby . Services are operated by a fleet of Wright Eclipse Gemini 2 bodied Volvo B9TL and Wright Gemini 3 bodied Volvo B5TL double-deck vehicles, branded in a two-tone blue livery. The vehicles include free WiFi, USB and wireless charging and audio-visual next stop announcements. In May 2018,
4480-435: The transfer of 31 employees and 17 vehicles. In 2018, following the award of contracts by North Yorkshire County Council to replace those formerly operated by Stephensons of Easingwold, local services in and around York were rebranded York & Country , with vehicles subsequently rebranded in a two-tone blue livery. The Coastliner brand encompasses a group of regional services linking Leeds , Tadcaster and York with
4550-526: The university. Shortly after, Transdev announced that the route 44 will run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week from autumn 2015, which was regarded as the first bus route in York to do so. The Wright Renowns were also upgraded to include a USB charging zone. However, in December 2016, the 44 service was withdrawn, with Transdev stating "lots of other buses running along the route, often copying what we do [...] has made life very difficult for us". As of July 2023,
4620-419: The viability of hill farming has become questionable. A number of environmental schemes to improve farm incomes have been devised but the industry continues to decline. Agricultural use of the moors is shared with grouse shooting as a means of gaining financial return from the vast expanse of heather. There is richer farmland across the southern limestone belt, where there are arable and mixed farms as well as
4690-435: The waste and what remained of the forest and in the process gave the moors the distinctive landscape that still remains. Between 1536 and 1541, Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries, and confiscated and sold off their property. This was bought by individual people, some rich, but also some who had been tenants of the monasteries, and became privately owned land. In many areas of the moors and their associated dales
4760-404: The water in summer are also a rich source of food for birds. Grey wagtails , swallows and spotted flycatchers are commonly seen. Dippers and kingfishers are also typical. The otter , after a period of decline, is starting to recolonise the rivers and streams. Farndale is famous for its wild daffodils in spring. Sheltered woodlands dominated by sessile oaks can be found to the south of
4830-452: The western end of Eskdale, the valley divides into three smaller dales, Westerdale (the upper valley of the River Esk), Baysdale and Commondale . A series of side dales drain into Eskdale from the moorland on its southern side, from west to east Danby Dale, Little Fryup Dale , Great Fryup Dale , Glaisdale and the Goathland valley. Kildale , west of Commondale and separated only by
4900-480: Was mined in Rosedale. A railway was built around the top of the dale to serve the mines, and kilns were built to process the ore. In two decades the population of the valley rose from 558 to nearly 3000. Poor-quality coal was mined in many places on the moors from the 18th century to the early 20th century. The North York Moors is the only source for British jet . It has been mined in the area from prehistoric times but
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