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66-632: One of MoonScoop's predecessors was France Animation , founded in 1984, and based in Paris. France Animation went on to become the original producers of Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea . In September 2003, the company was acquired from its then-owner Wanadoo by Antefilms Production—an outfit created by Christophe Di Sabatino and Benoît Di Sabatino in 1990. Both companies' distribution arms were merged in March 2004 to form

132-453: A series of stories to King Shahryār for 1,001 nights, with each night ending on a cliffhanger in order to save herself from execution. Some medieval Chinese ballads like the Liu chih-yuan chu-kung-tiao ended each chapter on a cliffhanger to keep the audience in suspense. The Scottish comic magazine The Glasgow Looking Glass , founded by English artist William Heath , pioneered the use of

198-500: A cliffhanger missing from the original. While Greene's book ended with the protagonists definitely choosing the adventurous and rather shady life of smugglers in Paraguay and closing off other options for their future, at the conclusion of the Cukor film a character is seen tossing a coin whose fall would determine their next move, and the film ends on a freeze frame shot as the characters await

264-415: A cliffhanger, with the villains' coach hanging precariously over a cliff. Cliffhangers were rare on American primetime television before 1980, as television networks preferred the flexibility of airing episodes in any order. The sitcom Soap was the first US primetime television programme to utilise the end-of-season cliffhanger, at the end of its first season in 1978. Cliffhangers then went on to become

330-542: A deliberate and permanent cliffhanger: readers are not to be ever told where the protagonist ended up in his wandering the "forest" of alternate history timelines and whether he ever got back to his home and his beloved, nor whether the war which takes a large part of the plot ended in victory for the Good Guys or the Bad Guys. George Cukor , when adapting in 1972 Graham Greene 's Travels with My Aunt deliberately introduced

396-506: A dramatic cliffhanger in anticipation of a second season. However, the network chose not to renew the show and so a hastily filmed five-minute "conclusion" was filmed and added on to the end of existing final episode to provide closure. Some shows, however, became known for never being resolved. In addition to the aforementioned Blake's 7 , the supernatural series Angel , the original 1984 series V and its 2009 remake , all ended with unresolved cliffhangers. On occasion, TV series are given

462-490: A giant trilobite . It secretly helped the children of Arkadia gain entry to the records and serves Arkana and her friends as a transport. Though its computer brain dates back to before the Great Cataclysm and possesses an encyclopedic database, there are large holes in its memory. It also contains a number of tiny robots called Triggies ( Shaggies ) that it can mobilize to distract enemies or repair itself. The Pirates of

528-549: A major and much publicized catastrophe, such as a character being shot in the final seconds of the year's closing episode. Cliffhangers are commonly used in Japanese manga and anime . In contrast to American superhero comics , Japanese manga are much more frequently written with cliffhangers, often with each volume or issue. This is particularly the case with shōnen manga , especially those published by Weekly Shōnen Jump , such as Dragon Ball , Shaman King , One Piece and

594-464: A messenger to the people above. They named her Arkana. The lost city of Arkadia (named for Arcadia ) resembles a small Alderson Disk , and is home to an ancient civilization which escaped a Great Cataclysm in the ancient past by relocating deep within the Earth's crust. Unaware that life continued on the Earth's surface, and hoping to keep their people safe, the elders sealed all records of their past in

660-421: A point in the plot that created reader anticipation and thus reader demand." With each new instalment widely anticipated with its cliffhanger ending, Dickens' audience was enormous; his instalment format was also much more affordable and accessible to the masses, with the audience more evenly distributed across income levels than previous. The popularity of Dickens's serial publications saw the cliffhanger become

726-425: A serial which helped popularize the term "cliffhanger". In them, the serial would often end suddenly leaving actress Pearl White 's Pauline character hanging from a cliff. Cliffhangers are often used in television series , especially soap operas and game shows . Several Australian soap operas , which went off air over summer, such as Number 96 , The Restless Years , and Prisoner , ended each year with

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792-447: A series ends with an unintended cliffhanger caused by a very abrupt ending without a satisfactory dénouement , but merely assuming that the viewer will assume that everything sorted itself out. Sometimes a film, book, or season of a television show will end with the defeat of the main villain before a second, evidently more powerful villain makes a brief appearance (becoming the villain of the next film). Occasionally an element other than

858-508: A shock revelation to Luke Skywalker , and Han Solo 's life was left in jeopardy after he was frozen and taken away by a bounty hunter. These plotlines were left unresolved until the next film in the series, which was released three years later. The first two films in the Back to the Future series end in cliffhangers, with the first displaying the "to be continued" title card. The film adaptation of

924-434: A staple of American primetime soap operas; the phenomenal success of the 1980 " Who shot J.R.? " third season-ending cliffhanger of Dallas , and the " Who Done It " fourth-season episode that finally solved the mystery, contributed to the cliffhanger becoming a common storytelling device on American television. Another notable cliffhanger was the "Moldavian Massacre" on Dynasty in 1985, which fueled speculation throughout

990-487: A staple part of the sensation serials by the 1860s. His influence can also be seen in television soap operas and film series, with The Guardian stating "the DNA of Dickens's busy, episodic storytelling, delivered in instalments and rife with cliffhangers and diversions, is traceable in everything." The term "cliffhanger" is considered to have originated with the serialised version of Thomas Hardy 's A Pair of Blue Eyes (which

1056-593: A strong enough virus to completely exterminate X.A.N.A. and stop Tyron, as well as the powerful team of Ninjas he virtualizes onto the Cortex to battle the five Lyoko avatars. Even more puzzling is the fact that Aelita's own long-lost mother, Anthea Hopper, appears to be working with their new enemy. The group is determined to discover why she is working alongside Tyron and how to reunite mother and daughter. Jeremie succeeds in developing an anti-virus to eradicate X.A.N.A. once and for all and wipe out Professor Tyron's own data in

1122-405: A sudden shocking revelation. Cliffhangers are also used to leave open the possibility of a character being killed off due to the actor not continuing to play the role. Cliffhangers are also sometimes deliberately inserted by writers who are uncertain whether a new series or season will be commissioned, in the hope that viewers will demand to know how the situation is resolved. Such was the case with

1188-552: A third season) aired in 2017. The cliffhanger has become a genre staple (especially in comics, due to the multi-part storylines becoming the norm instead of self-contained stories) to such a degree, in fact, that series writers no longer feel they have to be immediately resolved, or even referenced, when the next episode is shown, variously because the writer didn't feel it was "a strong enough opener," or simply "couldn't be bothered." The heavily serialized television drama True Blood has become notorious for cliffhangers. Not only do

1254-491: A village pillaged by the Mogokhs. They seek aid from the group, who help them overcome the Mogokhs. Starkus : A scientist and Star Healer on board a space ship, he investigates and tries to "cure stars". He met with Rebecca and Matt and welcomed them. At first, he is willing to help them as soon as his present mission is finished. Upon hearing that they were accompanied by Spartakus and Arkana, he immediately disappears. Later, when

1320-487: A villain is also used to tease at a sequel. Peter Høeg 's novel Smilla's Sense of Snow ends with a deliberate cliffhanger, with the protagonist and main villain involved in a life-and-death chase on the arctic ice off Greenland – and in this case, the author has no intention of ever writing a sequel, the ambiguous ending being part and parcel of the basic ideas permeating the book's plot. Similarly, Michael Flynn 's science fiction novelette The Forest of Time ends with

1386-506: Is ever-changing and chaotic, Jeremie programs a secondary vehicle called the Megapod with Odd as its pilot. In the very center, lies the Core/Heart of the Cortex itself and by investigating further, they all discover a new enemy just as dangerous as X.A.N.A. Professor Lowell Tyron − who seems unaware of X.A.N.A.'s existence within his own supercomputer. The Lyoko warriors must deal with constructing

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1452-527: Is first seen in the fifth episode of the first season, "Le cristal vivant" ("The Living Crystal"). They try to make Galileo renounce his claims of a world beyond the Living Crystal. They have the group captured and psychologically tested to convince them that they are beings who were caught in the Living Crystal and are suffering "a deformation of time". They are even prepared to re-crystallize Tehrig if Galileo does not renounce his beliefs. They are seen again in

1518-740: Is misled by the Phoenix into using her powers. In the end they are both forced back to their own world. Demosthenes : A famous spokesman, kidnapped by Nasty Max in order to help him learn the art of speaking and thus win election as leader of the Interstrata Pirate Federation. He was banished from his country because he did not have the walls repaired. The Mogokhs : A nomadic warrior people who oppress and steal from others. They are notable for their invincibility. They never get down from their mounts for fear of being trampled to death. Méo and Myra : A grandfather and his granddaughter who live in

1584-605: Is shot by Spartakus when he tries to protect Arkana, but is only slightly wounded. Rainbow : Spartakus's younger brother, he grew up in luxury as the adopted son of the Lanista (trainer of gladiators) of Barkar. Unlike his brother, Rainbow is cruel and nihilistic. After the Lanista was overthrown, Rainbow began to wander the nested worlds. The English version aired on the American cable television network Nickelodeon from 1986 to 1987 and in reruns on early Sunday mornings through 1991. In

1650-478: Is the older of the two, and tries to protect his overeager sister, whom he affectionately calls "half-pint." Spartakus : Once a gladiator in the city of Barkar, this young man escaped slavery following a revolt. His gauntlet conceals a magic crossbow, dagger, and grappling hook, and is eventually discovered to be made from auricite, which allows it to cause reactions when in close proximity to Arkadian artifacts. He remembers very little about his past, but often hums

1716-585: The Victorian era serial novel that emerged in the 1840s, with many associating the form with Charles Dickens , a pioneer of the serial publication of narrative fiction. Following the enormous success of Dickens, by the 1860s cliffhanger endings had become a staple part of the sensation serials. Cliffhangers were used as literary devices in several works of the Middle Ages . The Arabic literary work One Thousand and One Nights involves Scheherazade narrating

1782-509: The avatar of all the Arkadians. As she was made in the image of the surface dwellers, she has legs, unlike the Arkadians themselves, who somehow lost them some time after the creation of the Tehra. She is a well-meaning but naïve magician, capable of telekinetic feats and projecting illusions . Her mission is to seek help from above in repairing the Tehra. She is referred to by the show's villains as

1848-470: The underground city 's Archives. Arkadia survives by the light of an artificial sun, the Tehra ( Shagma ), which is dying. A group of young Arkadian kids and teens defy the law and enter the Archives. With information about the world above, they create a messenger, Arkana, and send her above to find help. Arkana encounters two children from the surface, Matt and his sister Rebecca, and brings them back through

1914-776: The "supergeophysical gal". She seems to have a strong resemblance to an Arkadian scientist from the distant past, who helped in the creation of the Tehra. Bic and Bac : Among the oldest living things in Arkadia, these two happy little animals are the best of friends, and enjoy dancing to their song, the "Flashbic." They are a kind of pangolin anteater, but unlike their real-life relatives, they have no scales or claws. They are affectionate, clever and playful, and can make fire by rubbing their noses together. Matthew "Matt" ( Bob ) and Rebecca : Brother and sister, these children from above ground join Arkana and Spartakus on their quest to save Arkadia. Matt

1980-607: The 20th anniversary of the successful Yu-Gi-Oh! license, GONG MEDIA acquired and distributed the Yu-Gi-Oh! GX, Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's and Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal. Brothers Christophe and Benoît Di Sabatino were the co-executive chairmen of the MoonScoop Group. Nicolas Atlan and Axel Dauchez were co-CEOs. The MoonScoop Group was made up of numerous subsidiaries: Code Lyoko is a French animated series featuring both conventional animation and computer-generated imagery , produced by Antefilms during

2046-445: The Living Crystal. When he discovers the group imprisoned in a crystallized Tehrig, he breaks them free. Their existence proves the prohibited theory that there is life outside of the living crystal. After being forced to deny the truth, he was allowed to leave with the group, but at the last moment returned home. Gog and Magog : two monstrous creatures sharing the same body. They are unintentionally released to rage havoc by Arkana, who

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2112-590: The Seas : Members of the Interstrata Marine Pirate Federation , these " punk pirates" roam the strata seeking helpless voyagers to rob or enslave, and they frequently show up to menace the show's heroes. Their appearance is marked by a recurring theme song and dance performance. Their society is structured in the guise of a democracy controlled through mass media . Brigands of the Fjords : The Pirates of

2178-460: The Seas' rivals throughout the series. The only identified member is their leader, Ringnar, who frequently competes with Nasty Max for leadership of the nested worlds' rogues. Shagmir and Loria : Two of Arkadia's elders. Arkana was presented to them and sent on her quest to the surface world. They tended to not believe the existence of any life on the surface. The Inquisitors of the Living Crystal : This three-person tribunal of blue-skinned judges

2244-722: The United Kingdom, Cartoon Network broadcast the series. It also aired on YTV in Canada from around 1988 to 1989. The Menudo closing song was never used for this version. Also in Canada, the original French version aired in Quebec on Télévision Quatre-Saisons in 1986. This version was also aired on the Norwegian TV channel NRK the same year with Norwegian subtitles. The series was also broadcast on NITV in Australia in 2022. The show also had

2310-414: The aforementioned Soap , the long-running sitcom Cheers would often incorporate cliffhanger season endings, largely (in its earlier years) to increase interest in the on-and-off relationship between its two lead characters, Sam Malone and Diane Chambers . These cliffhangers did not place the characters in peril of any kind, but rather left their relationship (which was at the core of the show) hanging in

2376-523: The balance. Cliffhanger endings in films date back to the early 20th century, and were prominently used in the serial films of the 1930s (such as Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers ), though these tended to be resolved with the next installment the following week. A longer term cliffhanger was employed in the Star Wars film series, in The Empire Strikes Back (1980) in which Darth Vader made

2442-406: The characters resolve the dilemma. Some serials end with the caveat, "To Be Continued" or "The End?" In serial films and television series , the following episode sometimes begins with a recap sequence . Cliffhangers were used as literary devices in several works of the Middle Ages with One Thousand and One Nights ending on a cliffhanger each night. Cliffhangers appeared as an element of

2508-412: The creation of the Tehra, but she died while traveling the strata, leaving them imprisoned forever. Catchpenny : A traveling minstrel and a friend of Spartakus. Emperor Qin : The ruler of a Chinese-like empire within the strata. He marched out to conquer Arkadia. He was eventually killed amongst his army of clay robot-like warriors. Galileo : A strata version of the real-world Galileo ; he lives in

2574-482: The cultural niche later primarily occupied by television . The first film serial designed around the cliffhanger device was 1913's The Adventures of Kathlyn from Selig Polyscope . During the 1910s, when Fort Lee, New Jersey was a center of film production, the cliffs facing New York and the Hudson River were frequently used as film locations. The most notable of these films was The Perils of Pauline ,

2640-603: The dock of New York Harbor, as they waited for a British ship carrying the next installment, screaming, "Is little Nell dead?" On Dickens' instalment format and cliffhangers—first seen with The Pickwick Papers in 1836—Leslie Howsam in The Cambridge Companion to the History of the Book (2015) writes, "It inspired a narrative that Dickens would explore and develop throughout his career. The instalments would typically culminate at

2706-506: The first season and MoonScoop during the second, in association with the France 3 television network and Canal J. Code Lyoko is about a group of four boarding school students enrolled at Kadic Junior High School, named Jeremie , Odd , Ulrich , and Yumi . The students try to help a virtual girl named Aelita leave the virtual world of Lyoko (found inside a supercomputer housed in the basement of an abandoned factory near their school), and enter

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2772-429: The following versions: Cliffhanger A cliffhanger or cliffhanger ending is a plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious situation, facing a difficult dilemma or confronted with a shocking revelation at the end of an episode of serialized fiction or before a commercial break in a television programme. A cliffhanger is intended to incentivize the audience to return to see how

2838-577: The four seasons the series was on air, most notably for its final episode in 1981 in which the whole of the main cast are seemingly killed. The final cliffhanger was never resolved. From 1966 to 1968 and in broadcast syndication , "Same bat-time, same bat-channel" encouraged viewers to tune in the next night for 120 episodes of Batman . The next episode quickly resolved the heroes from each supervillain's trap. A few triple episodes had double cliffhangers. The 1969 British film The Italian Job , starring Michael Caine and Noël Coward , ended literally in

2904-425: The group returns to their own time and place (in the episode "Star Healer"), he contacts them via Tehrig and informs the surprised Arkana and Spartakus that they are his ancestors. He contacts them again during the series finale, with a message to help them finally save Arkadia. Thot : A strange creature that lives in the ancient ruins of a long-destroyed city. He kidnaps Arkana, but without intending to hurt her. He

2970-480: The menacing A.I. once again. They are joined, again, by William Dunbar as the sixth member of their fighting team, and a girl-genius named Laura Gauthier; whom they are unsure to confide in. Traveling into the digital sea inside their submersible submarine (which they had called the Skidbladnir), the five Lyoko Warriors come across another virtual world near Lyoko called the Cortex. However, as this new virtual region

3036-402: The musical Wicked is split into two parts, with the first film ending on a cliffhanger with the first act closer " Defying Gravity ," making the second film Wicked Part Two begin at the top of the musical's second act. The two main ways for cliffhangers to keep readers/viewers coming back is to either involve characters in a suspenseful, possibly life-threatening situation, or to feature

3102-454: The opportunity to resolve their end-of-series cliffhangers at a later date; examples include the 1999–2003 series, Farscape , which was cancelled after a cliffhanger ending, but which was able to resolve it in a later follow-up miniseries, Farscape: The Peacekeeper Wars and the aforementioned Twin Peaks 1991 cliffhanger, which was resolved 26 years later when a sequel to the series (considered

3168-534: The origin show of the To be continued Internet meme , JoJo's Bizarre Adventure . During its original run, Doctor Who was written in a serialised format that usually ended each episode within a serial on a cliffhanger. In the first few years of the show, the final episodes of each serial would have a cliffhanger that would lead into the next serial. The programme's cliffhangers sometimes caused controversy, most notably Part Three of The Deadly Assassin (1976), which

3234-507: The phrase 'To Be Continued' in its serials in 1825. Cliffhangers became prominent with the serial publication of narrative fiction, pioneered by Charles Dickens . Printed episodically in magazines, Dickens's cliffhangers triggered desperation in his readers. Writing in the New Yorker , Emily Nussbaum captured the anticipation of those waiting for the next installment of Dickens' The Old Curiosity Shop ; In 1841, Dickens fanboys rioted on

3300-555: The present day MoonScoop. On January 24, 2014, the Commercial Court of Paris accepted Dargaud 's takeover bid of MoonScoop's library, thus becoming the owner of MoonScoop's complete catalogue and two of the company's last employees and was filed for bankruptcy. In 1995, GONG acquired Dramapassion, the first European drama SVOD platform, thus becoming the leader in France and Europe in the broadcasting of Korean programmes. In 2016, for

3366-607: The process. Unfortunately, Tyron eventually manages to find them at Kadic Academy; due to his connection to Aelita's mother, Anthea, and legality as Aelita's stepfather. Desperate to save his work, Tyron orders that his supercomputer be shut down, which gradually causes the Cortex to disintegrate. Luckily, Odd, Ulrich, William and Aelita all managed to escape permanent virtualization in the digital sea by mere minutes. With professor Tyron's quantum supercomputer shut off, Jeremie shuts off their own supercomputer; therefore rending X.A.N.A. dormant once again; not destroying it, therefore leaving

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3432-486: The real world. A highly malevolent and rogue artificial intelligence (also referred to as a multi-agent system , and wrongly as a computer virus ) named X.A.N.A., bent on world domination, has taken over the quantum supercomputer in charge of the virtual reality/world of Lyoko. If the group is able to get Aelita to the activated tower(s) out of the more than forty scattered about four of Lyoko's five tropical regions, she can neutralize Xana's violently destructive attack on

3498-421: The real world; then the supercomputer can reverse time to just before the attack, leaving no one except the group to remember any of the events that transpired. To complicate the situation, they must do this while ensuring that their classmates and teachers are not killed (because going back in time cannot return those killed by X.A.N.A. to life), and deal with the various personality clashes they have with them at

3564-604: The same time. This rebooted series takes place one year after the events of the original series stated above. Unlike its predecessor, however, it consists of live-action for the real world but still contains the 3D computer animation for the virtual world of Lyoko, with the Ice/Polar and Forest Sectors having been deleted. X.A.N.A. has been mysteriously reborn with even more strength than before. This prompts Jeremie, Ulrich, Odd, Yumi, and Aelita to reactive their well-hidden quantum supercomputer in order to return to Lyoko to obliterate

3630-429: The seasons conclude with cliffhangers, but almost every episode finishes at a cliffhanger directly after or during a highly dramatic moment, much like the primetime soap operas of the 1980s and 90s. Commercial breaks can be a nuisance to script writers because some sort of incompleteness or minor cliffhanger should be provided before each to stop the viewer from changing channels during the commercial break. Sometimes

3696-558: The second episode of the second season, "L'échiquier des mondes" ("The Most Dangerous Game"). Arkshag : Spartakus' nemesis and guardian of the Prisoners of the Lost Time. His purpose is to capture all Arkadians who have left the city, and imprison them. It is suggested that this was to be temporary, so that they could be transported back to Arkadia, as the prison's creator was an Arkadian who argued against those who decided to leave soon after

3762-510: The second season of Twin Peaks , which ended in a cliffhanger similar to the first season with a high degree of uncertainty about the fate of the protagonist, but the cliffhanger could not save the show from being canceled, resulting in the unresolved ending. The final episodes of soaps Dallas and Dynasty also ended in similar fashion, though all three shows would return years later in some form or other to resolve these storylines. The Australian soap opera Return To Eden ended in 1986 with

3828-457: The show open-ended . A long time ago humans and animals lived together in harmony. But a wicked trickster named High Roller controlled 2 animals and tricked the other animals into thinking that humans were their enemies. Chaos reigned until a group of warriors, Lin Chung, Jumpy Ghostface, Mystique Sonia, Commander ApeTrully, Mr. No Hands, and Mighty Ray, had joined forces to end the war. As MoonScoop

3894-415: The songs his father taught him, or plays them on his mouth harp . His character is based on the historical Spartacus . It is suggested that his ancestors were people who left Arkadia in the distant past, before they lost their legs. Tehrig ( ShagShag ): The only creature allowed free access to the Archives was Tehrig, an intelligent time traveling, interstellar, spaceship-type vehicle vaguely shaped like

3960-420: The summer months regarding who lived or died when almost all the characters attended a wedding in the country of Moldavia, only to have revolutionaries topple the government and machine-gun the entire wedding party. Other primetime soap operas, such as Falcon Crest and Knots Landing , also employed dramatic end-of-season cliffhangers on an annual basis. Sitcoms also utilised the cliffhanger device. As well as

4026-461: The time of the Great Cataclysm, the Arkadians have lived deep in the center of the Earth. They believed they were the only survivors of this great devastation. Their civilization thrived under the power of their sun, the Tehra... until it began to fail. In desperation, the children of Arkadia broke the law and entered the forbidden Archives, searching for a solution. What they discovered gave them hope. Anxiously, they used their special powers and created

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4092-597: The time, Philip Hinchcliffe , cited the 1950s radio serial Journey into Space as an influence for its use of cliffhangers. A later serial, Dragonfire (1987), is notable for having a cliffhanger that involved the Seventh Doctor literally hanging from a cliff, seemingly by choice, which has been described as "the most ludicrous ever presented in Doctor Who ". Another British science fiction series, Blake's 7 (1978–1981), employed end-of-season cliffhangers for each of

4158-435: The underground strata (which seem more like separate worlds or dimensions, with one strata even being the distant future) to save Arkadia. They travel in a living turtle type spaceship called Tehrig, along with Spartakus (a mysterious wanderer) and Bic and Bac (a pair of pangolin -like creatures), Arkadia's mascots. Arkana : The Arkadian children created her out of stone with the help of the Tehra's rainbow light, as well as

4224-558: Was altered for future broadcasts following a complaint from campaigner Mary Whitehouse . Whitehouse objected to the violence of the scene (the Doctor's head is held underwater in an attempt to drown him). She often cited it in interviews as one of the most frightening scenes in Doctor Who , her reasoning being that children would not know if the Doctor survived until the following week and that they would "have this strong image in their minds" during all that time. The producer of Doctor Who at

4290-533: Was published in Tinsley's Magazine between September 1872 and July 1873) in which Henry Knight, one of the protagonists, is left hanging off a cliff . According to the Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang , the term's first use in print was in 1937. Cliffhangers were especially popular from the 1910s through to the 1930s serials when nickelodeons and movie theaters filled

4356-517: Was the result of a merger between Antefilms and France Animation, this list consists of programming from both catalogs. Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea (French: Les Mondes Engloutis , "The Engulfed Worlds") is a 1985–87 French animated series created by Nina Wolmark. The series consists of 52 episodes, each between 20 and 25 minutes in length, divided into two 26-episode seasons. Ever since

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