83-655: The Mooloolah River National Park is a nationally protected area located on the Sunshine Coast , Queensland . It covers an area of 830.9 hectares and is bordered by the Mooloolah River to the east, Claymore and Dixon Roads to the west, and the Lower Mooloolah River Environmental Reserve to the south. It is bisected by the Sunshine Motorway with the northern, 161.93 hectare component of
166-727: A humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) typical of South Queensland. Summers are generally hot, but moderated compared to areas on similar latitudes elsewhere. Winters retain warm days, but have cooler nights rendering it falling into the subtropical fold. There is no dry season and precipitation is generally quite high. The average temperature of the sea ranges from 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) in August to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in February at Mooloolaba , and from 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) in August to 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) in February at Noosa Heads . The Sunshine Coast economy has outpaced most of
249-478: A diverse agricultural sector. The most important commodities in the region based on the gross value of agricultural production were poultry ($ 66 million), followed by strawberries ($ 35 million) and milk ($ 29 million). These commodities together contributed 60 per cent of the total value of agricultural production in the region. At the 2016 census , the population of the Sunshine Coast was 346,522. The median age
332-445: A dry period, males will not produce sperm, and females will conceive only if there has been enough rain to produce a large quantity of green vegetation. Females take care of the young without any assistance from the males. Female kangaroos with a joey often feed solitary in order to help separate themselves from the rest of the kangaroos in order to reduce predation. The joeys are heavily reliant on their mothers for about 550 days, which
415-455: A length of well over 2 m (6 ft 7 in), the scientific name, Macropus giganteus (gigantic large-foot), is misleading: the red kangaroo of the semi-arid inland is larger, weighing up to 90 kg (200 lb). The eastern grey kangaroo was described by George Shaw in 1790 as Macropus giganteus . While two subspecies were recognised by Mammal Species of the World (MSW), there
498-540: A number of guidelines for the planning and implementation of these burns. The Park also falls under the guidance of the QPWS Planned Burn Guidelines. The Guideline provides for specific fire management across the various vegetation communities in the region such as heathlands, open forest, woodlands and melaleuca communities as would be found in the Park. This allows for the tailored burning of these areas to provide
581-451: A powerful tail that is over 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long in adult males. Large males of this species are more heavily built and muscled than the lankier red kangaroo and can occasionally exceed normal dimensions. One of these, shot in eastern Tasmania weighed 82 kg (181 lb), with a 2.64 m (8 ft 8 in) total length from nose to tail (possibly along the curves). The largest known specimen, examined by Lydekker, had
664-461: A religious affiliation, the most frequent were: Catholic (18.2%), Anglican (16.8%), and Uniting Church (5.2%). Eastern grey kangaroo The eastern grey kangaroo ( Macropus giganteus ) is a marsupial found in the eastern third of Australia, with a population of several million. It is also known as the great grey kangaroo and the forester kangaroo . Although a big eastern grey male can typically weigh up to 69 kg (152 lb) and have
747-497: A second referendum resulted in 81% of residents voted to leave the amalgamated Sunshine Coast Region. On 9 November 2013 an election resulted in Noel Playford being elected to take office as mayor on 1 January 2014 with the new council. The Shire of Noosa was re-established on 1 January 2014. This resulted in two geopolitical areas occupying the area generally recognised as 'The Sunshine Coast'. The Sunshine Coast Region, governed by
830-421: A totally different face than eastern grey kangaroos. Red kangaroos have distinctive markings in black and white beside their muzzles and along the sides of their face. Eastern grey kangaroos do not have these markings, and their eyes seem large and wide open. Where their ranges overlap, it is much more difficult to distinguish between eastern grey and western grey kangaroos , which are closely related. They have
913-575: A variety ecosystem types and communities the Park is home to a wide array of endemic flora types, a number of which are threatened regionally. The Park contains three examples of flora listed as endangered under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) and/or the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and two species listed as vulnerable under both Acts. The Mt Emu Sheoak ( Allocasuarina emuina )
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#1732852440540996-436: A very similar body and facial structure, and their muzzles are fully covered with fine hair (though that is not obvious at a distance, their noses do look noticeably different from the noses of reds and wallaroos). The eastern grey's colouration is a light-coloured grey or brownish-grey, with a lighter silver or cream, sometimes nearly white, belly. The western grey is a dark dusty brown colour, with more contrast especially around
1079-410: A weight of 91 kg (201 lb) and measured 2.92 m (9 ft 7 in) along the curves. When the skin of this specimen was measured it had a "flat" length of 2.49 m (8 ft 2 in). The eastern grey is easy to recognise: its soft grey coat is distinctive, and it is usually found in moister, more fertile areas than the red. Red kangaroos, though sometimes grey-blue in colour, have
1162-749: Is a peri-urban region in South East Queensland , Australia. In 1967, it was defined as "the area contained in the [former] Shires of Landsborough , Maroochy and Noosa , but excluding Bribie Island ". Located 100 km (62 mi) north of the centre of Brisbane in South East Queensland , on the Coral Sea coastline, its urban area spans approximately 60 km (37 mi) of coastline and hinterland from Pelican Waters to Tewantin . The area has several coastal hubs at Caloundra , Kawana Waters , Maroochydore and Noosa Heads . Nambour and Maleny have developed as primary commercial centres for
1245-694: Is a centre for tourism, attracting more than 3.2 million visitors a year. There are significant attractions, such as Steve Irwin 's Australia Zoo , UnderWater World marine park, Aussie World with the Ettamogah Pub , the Buderim Ginger Factory , the Big Pineapple , the Eumundi Markets and the Majestic Theatre, Pomona . Sports tourism is supported by several annual sporting events such as
1328-401: Is also recorded in the park. The Park contains a wide assortment of bird species and up to 136 different species are listed. Significant species include eastern grass owl , sea eagles , various parrot species, goshawks, kites, the white-throated needle tail , egrets, herons, wedge-tailed eagles and wrens. The nutmeg mannikin, also known as the scaly-breasted munia ( Lonchura punctulata ),
1411-507: Is an introduced finch species native to tropical Asia. It is able to tolerate disturbed environments and may pose a threat to native finches through competition. The Park is recorded habitat for the ground parrot ( Pezoporus wallicus wallicus ) listed as vulnerable under the NC Act. It is confined to heathlands and sedgelands and has numerous predators including the eastern grass owl, feral cat, brown falcons ( Falco berigora ) and snakes. The Park
1494-453: Is endangered under both the NC Act and the EPBC Act. The species grows in the margin between open forest and heathland in sandy acidic soils which are at times waterlogged. The Christmas Bells ( Blandfordia grandiflora ) plant is listed as endangered under the NC Act and is located in sandy acidic soils of damp heathland and sedgeland. The Acacia attenuata is listed as vulnerable under both
1577-530: Is home for nine reptile species including the lace monitor ( Varanus varius ), eastern water dragon ( Intellagama lesueurii ), freshwater snake ( Tropidonophis mairii ) and the golden crowned snake ( Cacophis squamulosus ). The park contains five species of butterfly – the common evening brown ( Melanitis leda bankia ), the monarch ( Danaus plexippus plexippus ), the Richmond Birdwing ( Ornithoptera richmondia ), and two types of jezebel ( Delias sp .) one being
1660-517: Is home to many tour operators which are supported by welcomed 3.6 million domestic overnight visitors in the year ending September 2021. These visitors spent an estimated $ 2.7 billion in the region and help sustain local businesses. In 2017–18, the gross value of agricultural production in the Sunshine Coast region was $ 217 million, which was 2 per cent of the total gross value of agricultural production in Queensland ($ 13 billion). Agricultural land in
1743-587: Is home to more individual national parks than any other region in Queensland. The natural biodiversity of the area has been protected by five separate parks in both coastal and inland regions, including Mapleton Falls National Park , Kondalilla National Park , The Glass House Mountains National Park , Noosa National Park , and the Great Sandy National Park , which includes sections on Fraser Island and in Cooloola near Rainbow Beach. Sunshine Coast has
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#17328524405401826-583: Is listed as a Weed of National Significance. A variety of exotic grasses are also present. Management of parks, reserves and conservation areas in Queensland are guided by the Master Plan for Queensland's Parks and Forests which sets out the vision, values, goals and strategic objectives of protected area management in the State. The Park itself is managed by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS) under
1909-403: Is listed both under the NC Act and the EPBC Act as endangered. A wind-pollinated shrub it is restricted to the coastal heaths of south east Queensland and was likely more widespread prior to encroaching primary production industries and urbanisation. The species is also highly reliant on fire regimes which have been altered due to urbanisation. The swamp stringybark ( Eucalyptus conglomerata )
1992-410: Is mainly nocturnal and crepuscular , and is mostly seen early in the morning, or as the light starts to fade in the evening. In the middle of the day, kangaroos rest in the cover of the woodlands and eat there but then come out in the open to feed on the grasslands in large numbers. The eastern grey kangaroo is predominantly a grazer, eating a wide variety of grasses, whereas some other species (e.g.
2075-681: Is some dispute as to the validity of this division, and the subspecies are not recognised by the Australian Mammal Society, the IUCN , or the American Society of Mammalogists , which produces the successor of the MSW. Albert Sherbourne Le Souef created the Tasmanian subspecies in 1923, based on coat colour. In 1972 Kirsch and Poole published a paper supporting the concept of separate species for
2158-413: Is usually permanently pregnant except on the day she gives birth; however, she has the ability to freeze the development of an embryo until the previous joey is able to leave the pouch. This is known as embryonic diapause , and will occur in times of drought and in areas with poor food sources. The composition of the milk produced by the mother varies according to the needs of the joey. Since lactation
2241-405: Is very energy expensive, females that are lactating typically change some of their foraging habits. Some females will forage faster so they can tend to their joeys more, while others forage more aggressively so they can eat as much as possible. In addition, the mother is able to produce two different kinds of milk simultaneously for the newborn and the older joey still in the pouch. Unusually, during
2324-512: Is when they are weaned. Females sexually mature between 17 and 28 months, while males mature at around 25 months. It is popularly thought, but not confirmed by evidence, that kangaroo populations have increased significantly since the European colonisation of Australia because of the increased areas of grassland (as distinct from forest), the reduction in dingo numbers, and the availability of artificial watering holes. The estimated population of
2407-625: The Burrum River . The country of the Wakka Wakka people was about 13,000 km (5,000 sq mi) that was roughly triangular to the west of the Kabi, including a small part of the Dawson, and meeting the northern Kabi boundary at Walla. The two tribes were friendly and intermarried and had the same class restrictions. The groups were nomadic , gathering food en-route as they moved from one campsite to
2490-709: The Gold Coast triggered interest in renaming the Near North Coast to increase the tourist appeal. Names considered included the Silver Coast, the Diamond Coast, and Suncoast. Suncoast was rejected as it was copyrighted by a proprietary company. In 1967, it was officially renamed the Sunshine Coast. Around the same time, various tourist attractions and theme parks were created, such as the Big Pineapple in Woombye . After
2573-600: The Mooloolaba Triathlon , Noosa Triathlon and Sunshine Coast Marathon . The Sunshine Coast is served by the Sunshine Coast Airport 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Maroochydore, though many tourists also arrive from Brisbane Airport which is 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the south. As of November 2020 the Sunshine Coast is home of NightQuarter, an Eat Street-style precinct with live music and other immersive experiences. The Sunshine Coast region
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2656-603: The Moreton Bay (Brisbane) penal colony slightly to the south. In 1842, Governor George Gipps had the entire Sunshine Coast and hinterland from Mt Beerwah north to roughly Eumundi declared a "Bunya Bunya Reserve" for the protection of the bunya tree after Andrew Petrie advised him of the importance of bunya groves in Aboriginal culture. However, during the 1840s and 1850s, the Bunya Bunya Reserve and its vicinity became
2739-493: The Nature Conservation Act 1992 . Management of the Park and other parks in Queensland is under the direction of individual Management Plans – in this instance the Mooloolah Park River National Park Management Plan. The Plan provides an overview of the Park in terms of regional context, species composition , values, threatening process and outlines the key strategies to be employed in managing
2822-514: The 1980s, the Sunshine Coast experienced rapid population growth. As of 2016 it had become one of the fastest-growing regions in Australia. As the region becomes increasingly residential, most of the district's distinctive small farms – especially tropical-fruit and sugar-cane farms have disappeared, as have most of its theme parks. The Moreton sugar mills closure in 2003 removed a market for the district's 120 cane growers who had been harvesting cane in
2905-483: The Mt Emu Sheok's management. An understanding of the species’ genetics assists with translocation and determining appropriate fire management strategies. For the swamp stringybark it is much the same: monitor populations, assess genetic diversity, mitigate threats, and adapt management actions as required, including seed collection and storage and managing fire regimes. It is important for plant species with seed banks in
2988-450: The NC Act and the EPBC Act and is endemic to South East Queensland. Populations persist close to the coast in the ecotone between wet heathland and open eucalypt forests within the Park. It relies on disturbance such as fire events for seed recruitment. The species can tolerate disturbed environments and has been observed in man made disturbed areas, easements and road reserves. The tiny wattle ( Acacia bauera subsp. baueri ) can be located in
3071-528: The NC Act, the wallum sedgefrog ( Litoria olongburensis ) listed in the EPBC Act and NC Act as vulnerable, and the wallum rocketfrog ( Litoria freycineti ) listed as vulnerable in the NC Act. These three frogs are also recorded outside the Park in the Lower Mooloolah River Environmental Reserve which provides a buffer zone and extension of habitat. Acid frogs can tolerate fire events as long as suitable water sources are available. The introduced cane toad ( Rhinella marina ), prevalent across south east Queensland,
3154-438: The Park affords but these areas provide a valuable buffer for the intra-park species and the benefits associated with a larger overall habitat. Undertaking management options in external areas, such as in the Lower Mooloolah River Environmental Reserve, including weed removal, stock exclusion and controlled burnings will assist in protecting the Park's ecosystems and species. Sunshine Coast, Queensland The Sunshine Coast
3237-430: The Park and is listed as vulnerable under the NC Act. There are 19 species of mammals recorded in the Park. Macropod species include the eastern grey kangaroo ( Macropus gignateus ) and the swamp wallaby ( Wallabia bicolor ) with both also using the buffer zones around the Park. Other species include the short beaked echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ), the eastern bent-winged bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis)
3320-551: The Park being a later addition. The Park was initially vacant crown land prior to national park designation in 1960. Surrounding land uses include livestock grazing, urban development and the campus of the University of the Sunshine Coast . It is the second largest mainland park on the coastal lowlands in South East Queensland after Noosa National Park and represents an example of low-lying coastal floodplain distinctive of
3403-490: The Park should be undertaken to ensure they do not decline unexpectedly, particularly if they already have certain specialized requirements. Altered burning frequencies resulting from the need to protect property and prevent a reduction in living amenity for nearby residents can have a detrimental effect on fire dependent species. The hydrological balance and water quality in the Park can be potentially altered by changes to surrounding drainage systems and for amphibians present in
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3486-517: The Park this could put additional pressures for them in an environment that is already restricted, fragmented and in decline. The Mt Emu Sheoak faces pressure from loss of suitable habitat, urbanisation and primary production outside the Park, and altered fire regimes and invasive species from within. The Acacia attenuata is also under threat from altered fire regimes, fragmentation and loss of habitat and, given its reliance on seasonally waterlogged areas, modified hydrological processes. Similarly for
3569-418: The Park. Urban development is encroaching on native bushland and reducing the effectiveness of the Park's buffer zones making it more isolated from surrounding natural areas. Heathlands once common across south east Queensland are experiencing pressures from urbanisation and fragmentation, and species occupying those habitats are now under threat. Much of the habitat occupied by wallum dependent species such as
3652-672: The Park. The broad management practices such as burn scheduling, weed removal and invasive species control are likely to yield positive results for most species suited to the habitats in the Park. In addition to the Park's Management Plan, many of the threatened species found in the Park also have their own recovery plans. Management planning for the Mt Emu Sheoak involves protecting and restoring habitat, translocation, managing fire regimes, stormwater runoff and invasive weed control strategies. Ongoing monitoring of populations as well as further study and community awareness play an integral part in
3735-511: The Richmond Birdwing vine making it unusable for the Richmond Birdwing butterfly larvae as a food source. Alternatively, increased flooding events or drier conditions in the Park may affect water quality and favour some plant species over others. This is a distinct scenario for the spread of lantana ( Lantana camara ) which as a result of climate change may experience conditions more conducive to its spread. Invasive species In addition to
3818-733: The Sunshine Coast Council and the Shire of Noosa, governed by Noosa Shire Council. Jessica Lane, Miss Earth 2024 and the only Australian to win Miss Earth beauty pageant, came from Sunshine Coast. Major rivers of the Sunshine Coast include Noosa River , Maroochy River , Mooloolah River and the Stanley River . The region includes several lakes such as Lake Cootharaba and Lake Weyba . Ewen Maddock Dam , Wappa Dam and Baroon Pocket Dam have been built for water storage. Several stretches of
3901-698: The Sunshine Coast are lined with unbroken beaches – from Sunshine Beach near Noosa to Coolum Beach (17 km (11 mi)); the coast from Point Arkwright to Mudjimba (11 km (6.8 mi)); the Maroochydore – Mooloolaba stretch (5.6 km (3.5 mi)); and from Buddina past the Caloundra CBD to Pelican Waters (22 km (14 mi)). Noosa Main Beach , Alexandra Headland , Mooloolaba (the spit) and Coolum Beach are nationally recognised surfing beaches. Notable beaches include: The Sunshine Coast
3984-440: The Sunshine Coast region occupies 1,100 square kilometres, or 36 per cent of the region. Areas classified as conservation and natural environments (nature conservation, protected areas and minimal use) occupy 880 square kilometres, or 29 per cent of the region. The most common land use by area is grazing native vegetation, which occupies 530 square kilometres or 17 per cent of the Sunshine Coast region. The Sunshine Coast region has
4067-514: The Sunshine Motorway. The Park is home to ten species of frogs including threatened ‘acid frogs’ termed as such by having the ability to inhabit acidic water bodies. Their preferred habitat is wet coastal heathlands with acidic waters (pH less than 5). Significant threats include the destruction of coastal wetlands and changes in water quality and availability. These species include the wallum froglet ( Crinnia tinnula ) listed as vulnerable in
4150-418: The black jezebel ( Delias nigrina ). The vulnerable Richmond Birdwing butterfly, occurring only in subtropical northern NSW and South East Queensland, is under threat from the removal of its already fragmented rainforest habitat. Its exclusive host plant, the Richmond Birdwing butterfly vine ( Aristolochia praevenosa ), listed as near threatened itself, is recorded both inside the Park and outside in areas to
4233-690: The blackbutt-tallowwood ( Eucalyptus pilularis - E. microcorys ) are classed as endangered regional ecosystems under Schedule 1 of the Vegetation Management Regulation 2012 (VMR 2012). Five other regional ecosystems present in the Park are listed as of concern in Schedule 2 of the VMR 2012 including the paperbark teatree ( Melaleuca quinquenervia ) open forest/woodland, wallum banksia ( Banksia aemula ) woodland, scribbly gum ( Eucalyptus racemosa ) open forest, sedgelands and closed heath. With
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#17328524405404316-453: The cane toad, cats ( Felis catus ) and red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) are present in the Park. Cattle using grazing areas in the south access the Park's southern borders and effect on native seedlings and trample vegetation. Up to 22 invasive plant and weed species are recorded in the Park. These include but are not limited to groundsel bush ( Baccharis halimifolia ), camphor laurel ( Cinnamomum camphora ) and lantana ( Lantana camara ) which
4399-516: The continent, while many live in and around the major cities of the southern and eastern coast, from where it is usually only a short drive to the remaining pockets of near-city bushland where kangaroos can be found without much difficulty. The eastern grey prefers open grassland with areas of bush for daytime shelter and mainly inhabits the wetter parts of Australia. It also inhabits coastal areas, woodlands , sub-tropical forests , mountain forests, and inland scrubs . Like all kangaroos , it
4482-403: The country. The population of the area has grown steadily at an average annual rate of 2.4% year-on-year over the five years to 2018. The earliest residents of the Sunshine Coast were the indigenous Gubbi Gubbi and Wakka Wakka people. The territory of the Kabi includes about 21,000 square kilometres (8,200 sq mi) along the coastline from the 27th parallel northward to the mouth of
4565-493: The current taxonomic status of these subspecies should be revised as there was a lack of genetic differentiation between the populations sampled." The subspecies recognised by Mammal Species of the World were: The eastern grey kangaroo is the second largest and heaviest living marsupial and native land mammal in Australia. An adult male will commonly weigh around 50 to 66 kg (110 to 146 lb) whereas females commonly weigh around 17 to 40 kg (37 to 88 lb). They have
4648-566: The deck of HM Bark Endeavour became the first known European to sight the Glass House Mountains , located south-west of Caloundra. In the 1820s, former convicts John Finnegan , Thomas Pamphlett and Richard Parsons landed on Moreton Island after becoming hopelessly lost fetching cedar. They lived with the Kabi Kabi for eight months. Thereafter, during the 1830s to 1840s, the district became home to numerous runaway convicts from
4731-501: The eastern and western greys, but casting doubt on the subspecies M. g. tasmaniensis , as ...these subspecies, or species as Le Souef (1923) would have it in the case of the Tasmanian forester, are based on so little study of so little material that we do not believe that they should be recognized as such at this time. A later study published in 2003 was also critical of the division, stating that Phylogenetic comparisons between M. g. giganteus and M. g. tasmaniensis indicated that
4814-429: The gold fields of Gympie. After the construction of the railway line to Gympie , the coastal and river towns, being mostly ports for the early river trade, were bypassed. By the 1890s, diverse small farming (fruit and dairy) had replaced the cattle-and-timber economy of earlier decades. Sugar cane and pineapples proved especially important to produce for the district. Many small hamlets and towns now emerged. Produce
4897-437: The group allows more kangaroos to join and thus provide more buffers against predators. Eastern grey kangaroos are polygynous which means that one male mates with multiple females. Males do a lot of intraspecific competition for mates which includes male-male fights to determine dominance between the two males. When a dominant male finds a female in estrus, he will court the female and eventually they copulate. After copulation,
4980-416: The head. Indigenous Australian names include iyirrbir ( Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola ) and kucha ( Pakanh ). The highest ever recorded speed of any kangaroo was 64 km/h (40 mph) set by a large female eastern grey kangaroo. Although the red is better known, the eastern grey is the kangaroo most often encountered in Australia, due to its adaptability. Few Australians visit the arid interior of
5063-572: The hinterland. Since 2014, the Sunshine Coast district has been split into two local government areas , the Sunshine Coast Region and the Shire of Noosa , which administer the southern and northern parts of the Sunshine Coast respectively. As of June 2021, with an estimated urban population of 398,840, the Sunshine Coast is the fifth most populated area in Queensland and the 9th most populous in
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#17328524405405146-466: The holiday seaside shack, including fibro cement , metal containers, and left-over farm sheds; even disused trams were sold off as seaside shacks. Especially after World War II, the Sunshine Coast grew into a holiday and surfing destination. This tendency was further expanded in the development boom of the 1960s and 1970s. Then known as the Near North Coast, the renaming of the South Coast to become
5229-479: The little bent-winged bat ( Miniopterus australis ), four kinds of native rats, brush and ringtail possums, and flying foxes. Koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) have been recorded in the area and although listed as occurring within the Park in Queensland Government records, a viable population is not believed to be present in the Park apart from anecdotal records mentioning a population in the section north of
5312-479: The male will guard the female from other males. This whole process from courting to when the male is done guarding the singular females is roughly an hour. Females may form strong kinship bonds with their relatives. Females with living female relatives have a greater chance of reproducing. Most kangaroo births occur during the summer. Eastern grey kangaroos are obligate breeders in that they can reproduce in only one kind of habitat. The female eastern grey kangaroo
5395-420: The most optimal conditions for ecosystem health. The Guidelines also allow for the controlling of noxious weeds such as lantana and advice for the avoidance of peat fires. The management of the areas surrounding the Park is important as many species located in the park are also located in the Park's vegetated buffer zones. The species in these areas may face considerably more threats and less protection than what
5478-442: The next. Gubbi Gubbi (Kabi Kabi, Cabbee, Carbi, Gabi Gabi) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Gubbi Gubbi country. The Gubbi Gubbi language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Sunshine Coast Region and Gympie Region , particularly the towns of Caloundra , Noosa Heads , Gympie and extending north towards Maryborough and south to Caboolture . In 1770, James Cook on
5561-539: The red kangaroo) include significant amounts of shrubs in their diet. Eastern grey kangaroos are gregarious and form open-membership groups. The groups contain an average of three individuals. Smaller groups join to graze in preferred foraging areas, and to rest in large groups around the middle of the day. They exist in a dominance hierarchy and the dominant individuals gain access to better sources of food and areas of shade. However, kangaroos are not territorial. Eastern grey kangaroos adjust their behaviour in relation to
5644-440: The region and a refuge for the associated flora and fauna. Almost half the area of the Park is coastal and sub-coastal floodplain wet heath swamp and approximately one third coastal and sub-coastal floodplain tree swamp containing Melaleuca and Eucalyptus species in the Park's wetland areas. Seven of the 10 vegetative communities in the Park are regionally significant. The forest red gum ( Eucalyptus tereticornis) along with
5727-848: The region. The Jowarra section of the Park is located at the north western corner of the intersection of Steve Irwin Way (formerly Glasshouse Mountains Road) and the Bruce Highway . It is a remnant of coastal rainforest and cut off from the main body of the Park with the only connection via the Mooloolah River itself. The Park is used for conservation and study purposes and recreationally by bushwalkers and bird watchers. The Park provides important habitat for numerous species endemic to eastern Australia and south east Queensland, owing its species diversity to varied ecosystem types and ecotones . It represents an important remnant of coastal heathland once common in
5810-564: The region. Instead, businesses concerned with retail, catering and tourism have assumed increasing importance. In 2008, The Shire of Noosa , Shire of Maroochy and City of Caloundra merged to form the Sunshine Coast Region . The 2007 referendum conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission and leading to the merger remained controversial in Noosa Shire, where 95% of voters had rejected amalgamation. In March 2013,
5893-505: The regional economies in Australia in terms of growth over the last 15 years. The strength of the regional economy is based in its diversity and strength across a number of key sectors including healthcare, education, finance and professional business services. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data from the May 2019 Labour Force Survey indicate that around 184,200 people were employed in the Sunshine Coast region. Health care and social assistance
5976-422: The risk of predation with reproductive females, individuals on the periphery of the group and individuals in groups far from cover being the most vigilant. Vigilance in individual kangaroos does not seem to significantly decrease when the size of the group increases. However, there is a tendency for the proportion of individuals on the periphery of the group to decline as group size increases. The open membership of
6059-422: The scene of some of the most bitter skirmishes of Australia's " Black War ". The Blackall Range , on account of the tri-annual Bunya Festival, served as both a hideout and rallying point for attacks against white settlements. By the 1850s timber cutters and cattlemen had started exploiting the area; in 1860 the Bunya Bunya Reserve was scrapped. Many of the Sunshine Coast's towns began as simple ports or jetties for
6142-447: The soil to have in place erosion and stormwater runoff controls to prevent their loss from otherwise suitable habitat. Healthland communities are influenced by and rely on fire events for regeneration. Traditional burn frequencies have been altered due to increased burning to reduce fuel loads and to prevent the risk to property. An understanding of fire management across the Park in terms of the areas to be burnt, timing and its effects on
6225-413: The south. The vine is under competition from other invasive weed species and outside the Park is affected by land and road side reserve clearing. The introduced Dutchman's pipe vine is poisonous to the larvae of the Richmond Birdwing is a considerable regional threat, though not recorded in the Park as yet. The Sunshine Coast region is experiencing rapid urban expansion adding to environmental pressures on
6308-559: The species Australia-wide in 2010 was 11.4 million. In some places the eastern grey is so numerous it causes overgrazing and some individual populations have been culled in some parts of Australia (see, for example, the Eden Park Kangaroo Cull ). Despite the commercial harvest and some culls, the eastern grey remains common and widespread. Eastern greys are common in suburban and rural areas where they have been observed to form larger groups than in natural areas. It still covers
6391-462: The swamp stringybark the main threats are clearing, drainage works, the invasive groundsel bush ( Baccharis halimifolia ), exotic grasses and too frequent burning. Over the coming decades it is possible that species in the Park will be susceptible to the effects of climate change. Prolonged periods of drier conditions could mean less available water bodies for acid frogs and other amphibians to find refuge during fire events. Lack of rain also desiccates
6474-524: The timber industry during the 1860s and 1870s, as the area once had magnificent stands of forest. Likewise, the region's roads often began as snigging tracks for hauling timber. Timber getters used the region's creeks, rivers and lakes as seaways to float out their logs of cedar – the resultant wood being shipped as far afield as Europe. During the Gympie Gold Rush (1867), prospectors scaled the Sunshine Coast mountains to develop easier roadways to and from
6557-403: The various ecosystem types is important and can affect species richness and distribution. Fire events that are too rare or too frequent can result in a loss of habitat and food sources for species that proliferate at certain times after fire. The current management strategy for burns is no more than 30% in any one year in an 8-12 year regime. The Mooloolah National Park Management Plan specifies
6640-423: The wallum rocketfrog, wallum sedgefrog and wallum froglet has been cleared for primary production, sand mining and residential development as these areas were once considered useless lands. The Park's southern bordering areas are used as pastureland and also support a number of introduced weed species. Multiple threatening processes affecting the Park suggest that management and observation of species numbers within
6723-580: Was 44 years old, 6 years older than the nationwide median. The male-to-female ratio was 48.3-to-51.7. Most residents were born in Australia (73.7%), with 1.9% being Indigenous Australians. The most common countries of birth of other residents were England (6.2%), New Zealand (4.5%), South Africa (1.0%), Germany (0.7%), and Scotland (0.6%). The most commonly spoken languages other than English were German (0.6%), and Afrikaans , Dutch, French, and Italian (0.3% each). A large proportion of Sunshine Coast residents reported no religious affiliation (34.0%). Of those who had
6806-553: Was initially taken by horse to Landsborough, then to Eudlo in 1891. The post-World War I era saw the rise of the "seaside shack". The seaside shack provided the opportunity for the coastal "getaway" with modest investment. From 1914 to 1946, they popped up all along the North Coast (because it was north of Brisbane). Seaside shacks were exceedingly cheap and were an early use of the concept of recycling. Many were built of disused or second grade timber, all kinds of materials were used for
6889-439: Was the largest employment sector with 26,800 people, followed by construction with 26,500 people, and education and training with 21,200 people. Other important employment sectors in the region were accommodation and food services; retail trade; and professional, scientific and technical services. The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector employed 2,600 people, representing 1 per cent of the region's workforce. The Sunshine Coast
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