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75-962: Kabi or KABI may refer to: Places [ edit ] Kabi Longstok , town in North Sikkim district, Sikkim, India Kabi, Sikkim , village in North Sikkim district, Sikkim, India Kabi River ( Kafu River ), river in Uganda People [ edit ] Boris Kabi (born 1984), Ivorian footballer Martinho Ndafa Kabi (born 1957), Bissau-Guinean politician Neeraj Kabi , Indian actor Yahya Kabi (born 1987), Saudi Arabian footballer Käbi Laretei (1922–2014), Swedish pianist Other [ edit ] Gubbi Gubbi people or Kabi Kabi people, an Aboriginal Australian people in Queensland KABI (AM) , AM radio station in Abilene, Kansas KABI-LD ,

150-532: A Gelug monk and master of the Nyingma Great Perfection (Dzogchen) tradition. The "Great Fifth" wrote numerous works and revealed a cycle of Dzogchen teachings. One of his students (and political successor as regent), Desi Sangye Gyatso was also known as a great scholar who wrote various works on topics like Tibetan medicine , astrology, biography and calligraphy. He is the author of the important Tibetan medical text, The Mirror of Beryl, commissioned

225-603: A destination for tourism. Yellow Hats The Gelug school is alternatively known as Kadam ( bKa’-gdams gsar-pa ), since it sees itself as a continuation of the Kadam tradition of Atisha (c. 11th century). The school of New Kadam, or New Kadampa is an offshoot of the Gelug-tradition. Furthermore, it is also called the Ganden school, after the first monastery established by Tsongkhapa. The Ganden Tripa ("Ganden Throne Holder")

300-436: A gradual, step by step path out of this state through diligent training, ethical action and contemplation. According to Powers "the path is envisioned as proceeding in hierarchically arranged stages, and trainees are expected to complete each level before moving on to the next one." The Lamrim teachings are commonly organized based on three main graduated scopes of motivation: The highest scope of Lamrim culminates in

375-434: A low-power television station (channel 32, virtual 42) licensed to serve Snyder, Texas, United States KSAJ-FM , a radio station (98.5 FM) licensed to serve Burlingame, Kansas, United States, which held the call sign KABI-FM from 1968 to 1985 The ICAO airport code for Abilene Regional Airport in Abilene, Texas Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

450-597: A major commentary on Jamyang’s Great Exposition . Changkya Rölpé Dorjé is also known for his knowledge of languages and translation work and for being the main teacher in the Qing court of the Qianlong Emperor . Changkya oversaw the translation of the Tibetan Buddhist canon into Mongolian and Manchu , compiled a collection of the canon in four languages (Chinese, Manchurian, Mongolian and Tibetan) and also supervised

525-669: A modern western university education and became published academics , such as Gelek Rinpoche , Geshe Thupten Jinpa , Geshe Gyeltsen , and Sonam Thakchoe . Some western students of diaspora Gelug lamas (some of which spent time as monastics) have also become scholars of Buddhism as well as translators and teachers, including Alexander Berzin , B. Alan Wallace , Robert Thurman , Robina Courtin , Jeffrey Hopkins , Donald S. Lopez Jr. , José Cabezón, Guy Martin Newland , Nicholas Vreeland , Barry Kerzin , Glenn H. Mullin , and Gareth Sparham . An American Gelug bhiksuni , Thubten Chodron ,

600-521: A protector deity named Dorje Shugden who was said to punish Gelugs who entered into practices from other Buddhist schools. 13th Dalai Lama (who himself practiced Nyingma Dzogchen and the deity Vajrakilaya ) opposed this sectarianism. After the Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China and thousands of Tibetan monasteries were destroyed or damaged (mainly during the 1959 Tibetan uprising and

675-421: A reputation for strict adherence to monastic discipline ( vinaya ) and rigorous scholarship as well as for tantric practice. According to Sam van Schaik, while Tsongkhapa himself did not work to establish a brand new school per se, it was Tsongkhapa's disciples who took up the project of formally constructing a new school of Buddhism. Furthermore, van Schaik writes that "much of the credit for defining and defending

750-534: A response by Khedrup Je ). This debate over Tsongkhapa's madhyamaka interpretation was then taken up by a trio of Sakya school thinkers: Taktsang Lotsawa, Gorampa , and Shākya Chokden. Their critique would be countered by the works of numerous Gelug scholars, such as Lekpa Chöjor (a.k.a. Jamyang Galo, 1429–1503), the first Panchen Lama Lozang Chökyi Gyaltsen (1507–1662), Jetsun Chökyi Gyaltsen (1469–1544/46), Sera Jetsun Chökyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Delek Nyima and Jamyang Zhepa (1648–1751). In 1577 Sönam Gyatso , who

825-558: A semblance of political unity for the first time since the collapse of the Tibetan empire some seven hundred years earlier." The Fifth Dalai Lama was a prolific author and scholar. According to Jinpa "the Fifth Dalai Lama was personally an ecumenist who revered Tibet’s other major Buddhist traditions, especially the Nyingma ." In this he was influenced by his teacher Paljor Lhundrup who was

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900-572: A set of medical paintings and wrote a biography of the Fifth Dalai Lama. During the rule of the Fifth Dalai Lama that his teacher Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen received the title "Panchen Bogd" from Altan Khan and the Dalai Lama in 1645. This is the beginning of the Panchen Lama tulku line, who traditionally rules Shigatse and the Tsang region from his base at Tashilhunpo Monastery . The institutions of

975-783: A systematic synthesis of Buddhist doctrine which provides a comprehensive vision of the Buddhist path, based on classical Indian Mahayana and Vajrayana. The main Mahayana teachings are found in various texts such as Tsongkhapa's the Great Exposition of the Graded Path ( Lam rim chen mo ), the Middling Graded Path (Lam rim ‘bring ba), and the Small Graded Path ( Lam rim chung ngu ) . Other related works include The Three Principles of

1050-499: A triumvirate of massive Gelug monasteries that would dominate the religious and political life of Central Tibet for centuries." After the death of Tsongkhapa in 1419 (who at the time was already famous and had attracted numerous disciples) the Gelug (a.k.a. Ganden) order grew extremely quickly through the efforts of Tsongkhapa's disciples who founded numerous new monasteries and spread the doctrine throughout Tibet. The Gelug school developed

1125-403: A turning point in the history of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy. Tsongkhapa and his disciples founded Ganden monastery in 1409, which was followed by the founding of Drepung (1416) and Sera (in 1419), which became the "great three" Gelug monasteries (and eventually they would become some of the largest monasteries in the world). According to Sam van Schaik these Gelug centers "came to form

1200-466: Is "a synthesis of the epistemology and logic of Dharmakirti with the metaphysics of Nagarjuna ." The correct view of emptiness is initially established through study and reasoning in order to ascertain if phenomena are the way they appear. Gelug texts contain many explanations to help one obtain a conceptual understanding of emptiness and to practice insight meditation ( vipasyana ). Gelug meditation includes an analytical kind of insight practice which

1275-466: Is "stone erected by our blood." Life-size statues of the Lepcha and Bhutia 'blood-brothers' who signed the treaty has been erected here. The history of Kabi Lungchok and that of Lepchas are closely linked, considered the original ethnic community who came to Sikkim from Tibet to escape from the rivalry between the " Yellow Hats " and the " Red Hats " sects of Vajrayana Buddhism of Tibet. Many people of

1350-431: Is a central leader of the modern Tibetan diaspora and continues to advocate for Tibetan autonomy and human rights as well as continuing to teach Tibetan Buddhism throughout the world. The Dalai Lama has met with numerous political and religious leaders, as well as scientists and philosophers and promotes nonviolence , interfaith dialogue , and the dialogue between Buddhism and science . The Dalai Lama has become one of

1425-529: Is also home to several species of birds such as: the pariah kite , crested serpent eagle , shaheen falcon , rufous-necked hornbill , chestnut-breasted partridge , black-breasted parrotbill , grey-crowned prinia and Ward’s trogon . Butterflies and invertebrates such as riverine fish, frogs and toads are also recorded in the region. Ritual prayers are held every year to commemorate the historic treaty signed here. The Chief Minister of Sikkim has recently announced that this historic place will be developed into

1500-646: Is also inferred that the cultural traits of dress and family values of the Lepchas is akin to the Khasis of Meghalaya and their language has close affinity to that of Tangkul Nagas of Northern Manipur . The exact period when this migration happened is, however, not established. The Lepchas, known for their peaceful, religious and reserved nature led a tranquil tribal life in the mountains of Sikkim practicing shifting cultivation (growing maize and rice) as their vocation, and worshipped "nature or spirits of nature." Some time in

1575-520: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kabi Longstok Kabi Lungchok (also spelled Kabi Longstok ) is a historic site of significance, which is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Gangtok on the Northern Highway in northeastern Indian state of Sikkim . The historicity of the site is attributed to the fact that the Lepchas ,

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1650-592: Is the Book of Kadam also known as the Kadam Emanation Scripture which includes teachings from Kadam masters like Atisha and Dromton . As the name indicates, this is a gradual path model in which the practitioner accomplishes varying stages of contemplation and training based on classical Indian Mahayana Buddhism. The presentation of the Buddhist path begins with beings on the lowest level (those who have wrong view and are filled with afflictions ) and provides

1725-414: Is the forest type in the area comprising: Alnus nepalensis (Uttis), Castanopsis (Kattus), Macaranga (Malata), Engelhardia spicata ( Mahua ), Michelia (Champ), Toona ciliata (Tooni), Machilus (Kawla), Symplocos (Kharane) and Cinnamomum (Sinkoli). There are a number of water falls in the area and one such water fall is known as the 'Seven Sister waterfalls'. Kabi Lungchok region

1800-577: Is the founder and abbess of Sravasti Abbey , the only Tibetan Buddhist training monastery for Western bhiksunis (fully ordained female monastics) and bhikkus (fully ordained male monastics) in the United States. After the brutal repression of Buddhism during the Maoist period, three Gelug scholars became important figures in the revival of Tibetan studies in the People's Republic of China . These were known as

1875-612: Is the official head of the school, though its most influential political figure is the Dalai Lama ("Ocean Teacher"). Allying themselves with the Mongol Khans , the Gelug school emerged as the dominant Buddhist school in Tibet and Mongolia since the end of the 16th century (religiously and politically). Another alternative name for this tradition is the Yellow Hat school or sect. Doctrinally,

1950-622: The Cultural Revolution of 1966–1976), and many Gelug monks, including the 14th Dalai Lama fled the country to India as part of the Tibetan diaspora . The three major Gelug monastic colleges (Sera, Drepung and Ganden) were recreated in India. The Dalai Lama's current seat is Namgyal Monastery at Dharamshala , this monastery also maintains a branch monastery in Ithaca, New York . The 14th Dalai Lama

2025-646: The Kadam school, Tsongkhapa merged the Kadam teachings of lojong (mind training) and lamrim (stages of the path) with the Vajrayana teachings of the Sakya, Kaygu and Jonang schools. He also emphasized monasticism and a strict adherence to vinaya (monastic discipline). He combined this with extensive and unique writings on madhyamaka , Buddhist epistemology , and Buddhist practice. Tsongkhapa's numerous works on philosophy and tantric practice were widely influential and they marked

2100-640: The Potala Palace in Lhasa , institutionalized the Tibetan state Nechung Oracle , and spurred a major renaissance in art and book printing. From the period of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century, the Dalai Lamas held political control over central Tibet. The core leadership of this government was also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang . According to Thupten Jinpa, the 5th Dalai Lama's rule "would bring Tibet into

2175-510: The Vajrayana methods to aid in the speedy attainment of Buddhahood. Higher motivations are said to build on, but not to subvert the foundation of the earlier ones. In his The Three Principles of the Path , Tsongkhapa outlines the three main elements of the path to awakening as follows: According to Tsongkhapa, these three elements contain the essence of all Buddhist teachings and practices and are

2250-539: The "tenets" ( Tib . grub mtha' , Skt . siddhanta ) genre (a form of doxography ) became a particularly important element of Gelug education and scholarship. Perhaps the most influential Gelug doxographer was the great scholar Jamyang Shéba (1648– 1721), who wrote Roar of the Five-Faced [Lion], a series of verses on tenets , and a huge commentary to this root text (around 530 folios), called Great Exposition on Tenets . According to Daniel Cozort, Jamyang's works "are

2325-408: The 15th century, they organized themselves under the leadership of Tur ve pa no who was elected their king. Subsequent to his death in a skirmish, three kings, namely Tur Song Pa No , Tur Aeng Pa No and Tur Alu Pa No , took up the reigns of the kingdom, and their reign also ended with the death of Tur Alu Pa No . The Lepchas then adopted the democratic process of electing their leader and followed

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2400-485: The Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama each participate in the process of recognizing each other's reincarnations. Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen was a prolific scholar and a great yogi who is particularly known for his writings on Gelug Mahamudra (mainly his root text Highway of the Conquerors and its auto-commentary Lamp re-illuminating Mahamudra ). The Fifth Dalai Lama is also known for having recognized Zanabazar (1635–1723) as

2475-588: The Ganden Palace, was the prime architect of the Gelug's rise to political power. Later he received the title Desi [Wylie: sde-sris ], meaning "Regent", which he would earn through his efforts to establish Gelugpa power. The 5th Dalai Lama , Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617–1682), was the first in his line to hold full political and spiritual power in Tibet. He established a formal theocratic system of government, opened diplomatic relations with Qing Dynasty China, built

2550-543: The Gelug school promotes a unique form of prasangika Madhyamaka based on the works of Tsongkhapa. According to John Powers, Tsongkhapa's work "contains a comprehensive view of Buddhist philosophy and practice that integrates sutra and tantra, analytical reasoning, and yogic meditation." " Ganden " is the Tibetan rendition of the Sanskrit name " Tushita ", the Pure land associated with Maitreya Buddha . At first, Tsongkhapa 's school

2625-432: The Gelug school with powerful patrons who were to propel them to political pre-eminence in Tibet. The Gelug-Mongol alliance was further strengthened as after Sonam Gyatso's death, his incarnation was found to be Altan Khan's great-grandson, who became the 4th Dalai Lama . The influence of the Gelug school on Mongolian Buddhism remains strong today. According to Thupten Jinpa "an important legacy of this relationship has been

2700-532: The Jonang school as well any literature from the Sakya masters who had attacked Tsongkhapa were also banned and their woodblock prints were locked away. The Dalai Lama's attitude towards Nyingma was different, and he supported the collection and preservation of Nyingma texts, as well as personally patronizing the Mindroling monastery and their leaders Terdag Lingpa and Lochen Dharmashri. The Sixth Dalai Lama (1683–1706)

2775-621: The Mongols. Zanabazar also oversaw the construction of numerous major Gelug monasteries in Mongolia, such as Shankh Monastery , Tövkhön Monastery and Erdene Zuu Monastery . The rule of the 5th Dalai Lama also oversaw the repression of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism who were political enemies of the Gelug school and had supported the Tsang dynasty. After the war, many Kagyu and Jonang monasteries were forcefully converted to Gelug monasteries. The writings of

2850-628: The Namgyals in Sikkim came to be established in 1642. However, Phuntsog Namgyal , the first Chogyal or the King was made the temporal and spiritual leader of Sikkim after duly verifying that his antecedents were strongly linked to the 9th-century prince of the Kingdom of Minvang in eastern Tibet. This dynasty had ruled Chumbi and Teesta valley for considerable time. In the 13th century, a prince of this dynasty known by

2925-609: The Path, The Foundation of All Good Qualities. There are also various other expositions of the Lamrim by other figures such as the 3rd Dalai Lama 's Essence of Refined Gold and Panchen Losang Chökyi Gyaltsen 's Easy Path ( de lam ). These Lamrim works are based on the teachings of the Indian master Atiśa (c. 11th century) in A Lamp for the Path to Awakening as well on the works of Shantideva and other Indian Madhyamaka authors. According to Gelug scholastics, Tsongkhapa's presentation of

3000-722: The Red Hat sect of Tibetans migrated to Sikkim. Lepchas themselves were reported to be originally Nagas of the Mikir , Garo and Khasi hills who came to Sikkim and absorbed into their fold the pre-historic tribes of Naong, Chang and the Mon of Sikkim according to the Official History of Sikkim by the Government of Sikkim . However this is false. The signing of blood brotherhood in Kabi Lungchok

3075-452: The Red Hat sect, were also successful in converting many Lepchas to Buddhism. However, Lepchas remained aloof most of the time. In the 17th century, Bhutias, in order to maintain cordial relationship with the Lepchas then decided with the help of three revered lamas from Western Tibet to consecrate a local Sikkimese person from Gangtok as the Chogyal of Sikkim. Thus, the first formal dynasty of

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3150-464: The Tibetan Buddhist canon. The 20th century saw several influential figures emerge from Gelug institutions, including Gendün Chöphel (1903–1951) and Pabongkha Déchen Nyingpo (1878–1941). During the reign of the 13th Dalai Lama, the so-called " Dorje Shugden controversy " began, spearheaded by the sectarian tendencies of Pabongkha. This division within the Gelug order was based on the worship of

3225-448: The Tibetan state through developing a modern tax system, military, police and administration. These changes brought about some conflict from the elite Gelug institutions who were used to running their own finances, the most shocking of which was when the 9th Panchen Lama fled for China after losing a power struggle with the Dalai lama. The 13th Dalai Lama also launched a new modern printing of

3300-414: The bonding between the two communities of Lepchas and Bhutias of Sikkim. The solemn oath taken on the occasion was that Bhumsa "would not discriminate his newly acquired Lepcha subjects". Since then this location has been commemorated as symbol of friendship and brotherhood between the Lepchas and Bhutias of Sikkim and stone pillars have been erected to mark the place symbolically. In 1642, Phuntsog Namgyal,

3375-479: The common goal of all scriptures, treatises and tantras. Furthermore, according to Tsongkhapa, these are not just introductory or partial elements, but essential foundations for all Buddhist practices, sutric (i.e. non-tantric Mahayana) or tantric. In Gelug, the achievement of the perfection of wisdom ( prajñaparamita ) requires a proper understanding of the view of emptiness . In the Lamrim chenmo, Tsongkhapa rejects

3450-547: The end of the fifteenth century, Tsongkhapa had come to be seen as a second Buddha among in the Gelug tradition, and various hagiographies were written by his disciples (like Khedrup Je and Tokden Jampel Gyatso). These texts developed the great myths of the Buddha Tsongkhapa (including stories of his previous births and his various mystical visions) and helped established the new identity of the Gelug school as an authentic lineage (traced back to Manjushri ). Meanwhile, among

3525-478: The end of the fifteenth century, the "new Ganden tradition had spread through the entire Tibetan cultural area , with monasteries upholding the tradition located in western Tibet , in Tsang , in central and southern Tibet, and in Kham and Amdo in the east." John Powers also notes that during the following centuries the Gelug school "continued to produce an impressive number of eminent scholars and tantric adepts." By

3600-448: The end of the fifteenth century, the collected works of Tsongkhapa had been set on woodblock prints . His works would later be collected together with the works of Gyaltsap and Khedrup (who wrote numerous commentaries on Indian classics and on the works of Tsongkhapa) to become the main unique canonical collection of the Gelug school which is known as the “Father and Sons Collected Works” ( jé yapsé ungbum ). According to Thupten Jinpa, by

3675-664: The ethnic tribals of Sikkim and Bhutias (ethnic Bhot), the immigrants from southern Bhot who settled down in Sikkim from the 14th century onwards, ceremonially signed a "Treaty of Blood Brotherhood" with religious fervour. Stone pillars mark the location where the treaty was signed. The Treaty was signed at Kabi Lungchok by the Bhot King, Khye Bumsa representing the Bhutias and the Lepcha Chief Thekong Tek. The literal meaning of 'Kabi Lungchok', pronounced ‘Kayu sha bhi Lungchok’,

3750-515: The first official Jebtsundamba Khutuktu , the spiritual leader ( Bogd Gegeen ) of the Mongolian Gelug tradition. Zanabazar was a great Mongolian polymath who excelled in painting, sculpture, poetry, scholarship and languages. He is credited with having launched a renaissance of Mongolian culture in the seventeenth century, with having created the Soyombo script and with widely promoting Buddhism among

3825-454: The grand old sage in several times more in Sikkim nurturing an amicable relationship between them. However, Thekong Tek had no children and there was also a prophecy that one of Khye Bumsa's descendants would become the ruler of Sikkim. Thekong Tek then decided that after his death Bhumsa would take over the reins of power in his kingdom. Then a treaty of blood brotherhood was signed at Kabi Lungchok between Thekong Tek and Khye Bumsa to reinforce

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3900-885: The grandson of Khye Bumsa was crowned the first Chogyal of Sikkim at Yuksom by Rimpoche Lhatsun Chempo , the founder of the Nyingmapa order in Sikkim. This event is also marked by the Statue of Unity installed opposite to Tourist Information Office and close to the Thakur Bari Temple in Gangtok. The historical site is located in a dense forest area on the North Sikkim Highway near Phodong . The area abounds in natural scenic beauty of rich forests with varied flora, shimmering streams, waterfalls and also many cultural monuments and historic sites. Sub Tropical mixed Broad-Leaved Hill Forest

3975-450: The great figure of Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol (1781–1851) who was an influential Gelug monk, poet and Dzogchen yogi who is particularly known for his non-sectarian study of various Tibetan Buddhist traditions, especially the Gelug and Nyingma traditions. His writings on non-sectarianism prefigure the rise of the Rime movement by about three decades. His autobiography and other works integrate

4050-487: The idea that all intellectual effort, concepts, and mental activity are obstacles to spiritual understanding. He also rejects certain views of emptiness, particularly the shentong (other emptiness) view, which is seen as a kind of eternalism or essentialism . The proper view of emptiness in the Gelug school is considered to be the prāsangika mādhyamika philosophy of Nagarjuna and Chandrakirti as interpreted by Tsongkhapa . According to Jay Garfield, Tsongkhapa's view

4125-593: The leaders advice on all matters. It was during this period of the democratic rule by Lepchas that the Tibetans started to migrate to Sikkim. The reason for this migration is attributed mainly to the clash between the followers of the "Yellow Hats" and the "Red Hats" sects of Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet. This conflict resulted in the Tibetans belonging to the Red Hat sect migrating from Tibet in large numbers seeking refuge in Sikkim. The Tibetan migrants were then called as Bhutias in Sikkim. The Bhutias, who were Buddhists of

4200-580: The monastery on his own and was honoured with the epithet " Khye Bumsa " (meaning: superior of ten thousand heroes). Pleased with the achievement of Khye Bumsa, the Sakya King gave his daughter in marriage to him. Bumsa then settled down in Chumbi valley where he met the Lepcha religious leader, Thekong Tek , several times seeking his blessings to beget children. Following the blessings of Thekong Tek, Bhums'a wife gave birth to three sons, and out of gratitude he visited

4275-467: The most comprehensive of the tenets texts" (in Tibetan Buddhism). His reincarnation, Gönchok Jikmé Ongpo (1728–1791), is also known for his shorter tenets text called Precious Garland of Tenets as well as other works on the bodhisattva path. Other key Gelug scholars of this period include Changkya Rölpé Dorjé (1717–1786), who wrote Presentation of Tenets , and Ngawang Belden (b. 1797), who wrote

4350-467: The name Guru Tashi, based on a clairvoyant vision, decided to go south of Tibet to Sikkim, then known as "Denzong-the valley of rice" to seek his fortune. While travelling on this mission with his family, he came to the Sakya Kingdom where a monastery was being built, and they were facing problems in erecting the pillars of the monastery. Then, one of Tashi's five sons, the elder son, erected the pillars of

4425-618: The new school must go to Tsongkhapa’s student Khedrup." Tsongkhapa's three principal disciples were Khedrup Gelek Palsang , Gyaltsap Darma Rinchen and Dülzin Drakpa Gyaltsen. Other important students of Tsongkhapa were Tokden Jampel Gyatso; Jamyang Chöjé and Jamchen Chöjé (the founders of Drepung and Sera monasteries, respectively); and Gendün Drup the First Dalai Lama ." Several major monastic centers were founded in Tsang, including Tashi Lhünpo , Segyü, Gyümé and Gyütö college. By

4500-482: The other Tibetan schools, Tsongkhapa now came to be considered "a force to be reckoned with, someone whose vision, ideas, and writings had to be understood in relation to their own cherished lineage and tradition." This initial period of growth also saw scholastic debates and exchanges between the new Gelug tradition and the earlier sects like the Sakya school, who wrote critiques of Tsongkhapa's philosophy, such as Rongton Shakya Gyaltsen (1367–1449) (and his work led to

4575-440: The stages of the path is traced through Atisha back to Nagarjuna (who received it from Manjushri). Tsongkhapa is also said to have incorporated elements from Asanga's presentation of the path (as taught to him by Maitreya ). The presentation of samatha and vipaśyanā in Tsongkhapa's Lamrim is also based on eighth-century Indian teacher Kamalaśīla 's Bhāvanākrama (Stages of Meditation). Another important text in Gelug

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4650-496: The teachings of the Gelug tradition with that of the Nyingma school. Another Gelug master who was associated with non-sectarian activity was Minyak Kunzang Sonam (1823–1905). He was a Dzogchen practitioner and one of the four great Dharma heirs of the Nyingma master Patrul Rinpoche . During the era of the 13th Dalai Lama (1876–1933) Tibet reclaimed its independence from China and went through some reforms and modernization activities. The 13th focused on centralizing and modernizing

4725-432: The time of the 7th, Tibet also became a protectorate of the Qing Empire under the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722). The 8th, 9th, 10th. 11th and 12th Dalai Lamas all died young and were not significant figures. Tibet was ruled by a series of regents during this period and experienced much political instability. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Gelug figures continued to produce new scholastic works. The development of

4800-449: The title Kabi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabi&oldid=1032069759 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Airport disambiguation pages Broadcast call sign disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

4875-427: The tradition of young Mongols studying at the great Geluk centers of learning in Amdo and central Tibet." Following violent strife among the sects of Tibetan Buddhism , the Gelug school emerged as the dominant one, with the military help of the Mongol Güshri Khan who invaded Tibet in 1642 in order to defeat the king of Tsang . According to Tibetan historian Samten Karmay , Sonam Chophel (1595–1657), treasurer of

4950-621: The translation of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra into Tibetan. During the 18th century, Thuken Losang Chökyi Nyima (1737–1802), a student of Changkya, took the tenets genre one step further with his Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems. According to Roger R. Jackson, this text is "arguably the widest-ranging account of religious philosophies ever written in pre-modern Tibet." This work of comparative philosophy and comparative religion discusses all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism and Chinese religions as well as Indian , Mongolian and Khotanese religious systems. The 19th century saw

5025-510: The west, it had territories extended to Ha Valley of present-day Bhutan . The Gorkha invaders had also captured territories in the Teesta region including the present day territories of Darjeeling and Kalimpong . These were later gifted to the British by the Maharaja of Sikkim. Tsongs or Limbus inhabited largely the eastern regions which was wholly usurped by the Gorkha invasion. Also, Tsongs are said to have migrated from Tibet considering their name and language affinity with Tibetans. It

5100-830: The world's most admired religious figures. Numerous other Gelug teachers now teach in the West and Gelug centers have become a regular part of Western Buddhism. Perhaps the largest religious organization associated with the Gelug tradition is the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition , founded in 1975 by Thubten Yeshe and Thubten Zopa Rinpoche . The organization runs numerous meditation centers, several monasteries such as Nalanda monastery in France and as well Maitripa College . Other influential Gelug lamas who have taught western Buddhists include Ngawang Wangyal , Lhundub Sopa (who founded Deer Park Buddhist Center and Monastery ), Geshe Rabten , Choden Rinpoche , Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche , Geshe Lhakdor , and Dhardo Rinpoche. Some Gelug lamas also went on to receive

5175-452: The “Three Polymaths”, which were Tséten Zhabdrung (1910–1985), Mugé Samten (1914–1993), and Dungkar Lozang Trinlé (1927–1997). The Mongolian Gelug school under by the 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu , led the revival of Mongolian Buddhism after the fall of communist rule in Mongolia in 1990 . The Gelug tradition also has a strong traditional presence in modern Russian Republics like Buryatia , Kalmykia and Tuva . Tsongkhapa's works contain

5250-464: Was an unconventional figure who liked to live as a layperson, refused monastic vows, drank alcohol, slept with women and write love poems and erotic poems . His verses are an important part of Tibetan poetry. His successor, the 7th Dalai Lama , was also a noted poet, but he wrote mainly on Buddhist and spiritual themes. The 7th Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso was a highly learned Buddhist scholar and wrote hundreds of titles on various Buddhist topics. During

5325-411: Was between three tribes Mon referring to Lepchas, Tsong or Chang or the Limbus and Lho , literally Southerners in Tibetan referring to the Bhutia migrants who settled in Sikkim. Another important fact to be noted is that Sikkim was much larger during this period until the raids from Nepal and Bhutan followed. Sikkim consisted the whole of Limbuwan , Ilam and other districts of Eastern Nepal and in

5400-460: Was called "Ganden Choluk" meaning "the Spiritual Lineage of Ganden". By taking the first syllable of 'Ganden' and the second of 'Choluk', this was abbreviated to "Galuk" and then modified to the more easily pronounced "Gelug". The Gelug school was also called the "New Kadam", because it saw itself a revival of the Kadam school founded by Atisha . Samding Dorje Phagmo The Gelug school

5475-409: Was considered to be the third incarnation of Gendün Drup , formed an alliance with the then most powerful Mongol leader, Altan Khan . As a result, Sönam Gyatso was designated as the 3rd Dalai Lama . "Dalai" is a translation into Mongolian of the Tibetan name "Gyatso" (ocean). Gendün Drup and Gendun Gyatso were posthumously recognized as the 1st and 2nd Dalai Lamas respectively. Sönam Gyatso

5550-515: Was founded by Je Tsongkhapa , an eclectic Buddhist monk and yogi who traveled Tibet studying under Kadam, Sakya , Drikung Kagyu , Jonang and Nyingma teachers. These include the Sakya scholar Rendawa (1349–1412), the Drikung Thil scholar Chenga Chokyi Gyalpo, the Kadam mystic Lama Umapa, the Jonang master Bodong Chokley Namgyal and the Dzogchen master Drupchen Lekyi Dorje. A great admirer of

5625-478: Was very active in proselytizing among the Mongols , and the Gelug tradition was to become the main religion of the Mongols in the ensuing centuries. Sönam Gyatso traveled to Mongolia , and supported the establishment of monasteries and the translation of Buddhist texts to Mongolian . He also worked against certain shamanistic practices such as animal sacrifice and blood sacrifices. This turn of events provided

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