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70-466: Landmarks include the house where Hermann Hesse lived for half of his life, a house where George Harrison went for health reasons and The American School In Switzerland (TASIS), a boarding school . Montagnola was formerly a municipality of its own, but was merged with Agra and Gentilino in 2004 to form the new municipality Collina d'Oro. Montagnola is first mentioned in 1226, as Montegnola . The merger of several formerly separate properties of

140-570: A castle-like building, the Casa Camuzzi. Here, he explored his writing projects further; he began to paint, an activity reflected in his next major story, " Klingsor's Last Summer ", published in 1920. This new beginning in different surroundings brought him happiness, and Hesse later called his first year in Ticino "the fullest, most prolific, most industrious and most passionate time of my life". In 1922, Hesse's novella Siddhartha appeared, which showed

210-550: A centuries-old leather-working industry, and during Hesse's childhood the tanneries' influence on the town was still very much in evidence. Hesse's favourite place in Calw was the St. Nicholas Bridge ( Nikolausbrücke ), which is why a Hesse monument was built there in 2002. Hermann Hesse's grandfather Hermann Gundert , a doctor of philosophy and fluent in multiple languages, encouraged the boy to read widely, giving him access to his library, which

280-544: A correspondence with Chilean author, diplomat and Nazi sympathizer Miguel Serrano , who detailed his relationship with both figures in the book C. G. Jung & Hermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships . During a three-week period in September and October 1917, Hesse penned his novel Demian , which would be published following the armistice in 1919 under the pseudonym Emil Sinclair. By the time Hesse returned to civilian life in 1919, his marriage had fallen apart. His wife had

350-422: A desire to leave behind a callous father, he heads to university. As he progresses through his studies, he meets and falls in love with the painter, Erminia Aglietti and becomes a close friend to a young pianist named Richard. Greatly saddened because of the latter's death, he takes up wandering to soak up the diverse experiences of life. Ever faced with the vicissitudes of life, he continually takes up alcohol as

420-533: A family, eventually having three sons. In Gaienhofen, he wrote his second novel, Beneath the Wheel , which was published in 1906. In the following time, he composed primarily short stories and poems. His story "The Wolf", written in 1906–07, was "quite possibly" a foreshadowing of Steppenwolf . His next novel, Gertrude , published in 1910, revealed a production crisis. He had to struggle through writing it, and he later would describe it as "a miscarriage". Gaienhofen

490-472: A great shock" when his mother disapproved of "Romantic Songs" on the grounds that they were too secular and even "vaguely sinful". From late 1899, Hesse worked in a distinguished antique bookshop in Basel. Through family contacts, he stayed with the intellectual families of Basel. In this environment with rich stimuli for his pursuits, he further developed spiritually and artistically. At the same time, Basel offered

560-482: A letter to his father: "I think it would be better for us both that I do not come, in spite of my love for my mother". Due to the good notices that Hesse received for Lauscher , the publisher Samuel Fischer became interested in Hesse and, with the novel Peter Camenzind , which appeared first as a pre-publication in 1903 and then as a regular printing by Fischer in 1904, came a breakthrough: from now on, Hesse could make

630-500: A living as a writer. The novel became popular throughout Germany. Sigmund Freud "praised Peter Camenzind as one of his favourite readings". Having realised he could make a living as a writer, Hesse finally married Maria Bernoulli (of the famous family of mathematicians ) in 1904, while her father, who disapproved of their relationship, was away for the weekend. The couple settled down in Gaienhofen on Lake Constance , and began

700-530: A means to confront the harshness and inexplicable strangeness of life. He also meets and falls in love with Elizabeth, even though she will later marry another man. However, his journey through Italy changes him in many respects and enhances his ability to love life and see beauty within all things. Only when he becomes friends with Boppi, a man with a physical disability, does he truly experience what it means to love another human being. In time, he comes to see in Boppi

770-437: A poet who invests the lives of men with reality in its most beautiful of forms. Peter Camenzind easily reminds one of Hesse's other protagonists, i.e. Siddhartha , Goldmund , and Harry Haller . Like them, he suffers deeply and undergoes many intellectual, physical, and spiritual journeys. In the course of his many journeys, he will come to experience the diverse landscapes of Germany, Italy, France, and Switzerland, as well as

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840-685: A powerful will, and, for his four years of age, a truly astonishing mind. How can he express all that? It truly gnaws at my life, this internal fighting against his tyrannical temperament, his passionate turbulence [...] God must shape this proud spirit, then it will become something noble and magnificent – but I shudder to think what this young and passionate person might become should his upbringing be false or weak." Hesse showed signs of serious depression as early as his first year at school. In his juvenilia collection Gerbersau , Hesse vividly describes experiences and anecdotes from his childhood and youth in Calw:

910-532: A published poem of his, "Grand Valse", drew him a fan letter. It was from Helene Voigt , who the next year married Eugen Diederichs , a young publisher. To please his wife, Diederichs agreed to publish Hesse's collection of prose entitled One Hour After Midnight in 1898 (although it is dated 1899). Neither work was a commercial success. In two years, only 54 of the 600 printed copies of Romantic Songs were sold, and One Hour After Midnight received only one printing and sold sluggishly. Furthermore, Hesse "suffered

980-593: A severe episode of psychosis , but, even after her recovery, Hesse saw no possible future with her. Their home in Bern was divided, their children were accommodated in boarding houses and by relatives, and Hesse resettled alone in the middle of April in Ticino . He occupied a small farmhouse near Minusio (close to Locarno), living from 25 April to 11 May in Sorengo. On 11 May, he moved to the town Montagnola and rented four small rooms in

1050-801: A strong and enduring influence on the generation returning home from the First World War . Similarly, The Glass Bead Game , with its disciplined intellectual world of Castalia and the powers of meditation and humanity, captivated Germans' longing for a new order amid the chaos of a broken nation following the loss in the Second World War . Towards the end of his life, German (born Bavarian) composer Richard Strauss (1864–1949) set three of Hesse's poems to music in his song cycle Four Last Songs for soprano and orchestra (composed 1948, first performed posthumously in 1950): "Frühling" ("Spring"), "September", and "Beim Schlafengehen" ("On Going to Sleep"). In

1120-605: A translation of the Bible into Malayalam in South India . Hesse's mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission in South India in 1842. In describing her own childhood, she said, "A happy child I was not...". As was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the age of four when her parents returned to India. Hesse's father, Johannes Hesse, the son of a doctor,

1190-413: A very polite, very foreign, lonely, little-understood guest". His father's tales from Estonia instilled a contrasting sense of religion in young Hermann. "[It was] an exceedingly cheerful, and, for all its Christianity, a merry world... We wished for nothing so longingly as to be allowed to see this Estonia... where life was so paradisiacal, so colourful and happy". Hermann Hesse's sense of estrangement from

1260-439: A warm fireplace while other young authors were dying on the front. He was found unfit for combat duty, but was assigned to service involving the care of prisoners of war. While most poets and authors of the warring countries quickly became embroiled in a tirade of mutual hate, Hesse, seemingly immune to the general war enthusiasm of the time, wrote an essay titled "O Friends, Not These Tones" ("O Freunde, nicht diese Töne"), which

1330-452: A wonderful reflection of humanity in its noblest form, and the two forge an indelible friendship. After Boppi dies, Peter Camenzind returns to his village and takes care of his aging father, even as he plans out the completion of his life's great work. This article about a Bildungsroman of the 1900s is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See guidelines for writing about novels . Further suggestions might be found on

1400-529: A youth he studied briefly at a seminary, struggled with bouts of depression and even once attempted suicide, which temporarily landed him in a sanatorium. Hesse eventually completed Gymnasium and passed his examinations in 1893, when his formal education ended. However, he remained an autodidact and voraciously read theological treatises, Greek mythology , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , Friedrich Schiller , and Friedrich Nietzsche . His first works of poetry and prose were being published in

1470-565: Is a literary prize associated with the city of Karlsruhe that has been awarded since 1957. Since 1990, the Calw Hermann Hesse Prize has been awarded every two years alternately to a German-language literary journal and a translator of Hesse's work. The Internationale Hermann-Hesse-Gesellschaft (unofficial English name: International Hermann Hesse Society ) was founded in 2002 on Hesse's 125th birthday and began awarding its Hermann Hesse prize in 2017. Musician Steve Adey adapted

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1540-492: Is located in Montagnola, in proximity to the communal school. The library opened in 1990. The historical population is given in the following chart: 45°59′N 8°55′E  /  45.983°N 8.917°E  / 45.983; 8.917 Hermann Hesse Hermann Karl Hesse ( German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈhɛsə] ; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. Although Hesse

1610-503: Is now a kind of residential suburb of the city. The former municipality stretched over the central portion of the Collina d'Oro valley from the Bay of Agno to Pian Scairolo, and included a number of villages. The community includes a communal pre-primary school and a communal primary school. The American School In Switzerland is located in Montagnola. The La Biblioteca comunale di Collina d'Oro

1680-480: Is replaced by aesthetics". During this time, he was introduced to the home of Fräulein von Reutern, a friend of his family's. There he met with people his own age. His relationships with his contemporaries were "problematic", in that most of them were now at university. This usually left him feeling awkward in social situations. In 1896, his poem "Madonna" appeared in a Viennese periodical and Hesse released his first small volume of poetry, Romantic Songs . In 1897,

1750-723: The Nobel Prize in Literature . Hermann Karl Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw , in Württemberg , German Empire . His grandparents served in India at a mission under the auspices of the Basel Mission , a Protestant Christian missionary society. His grandfather Hermann Gundert compiled a Malayalam grammar and a Malayalam-English dictionary, and also contributed to

1820-631: The 1890s and early 1900s with his first novel, Peter Camenzind , appearing in 1904. In 1911, Hesse visited India, where he became acquainted with Indian mysticism. His experiences in India—combined with his involvement with Jungian analysis—affected his literary work, which emphasizes Eastern spiritual values. His best-known works include: Demian , Steppenwolf , Siddhartha , Narcissus and Goldmund , and The Glass Bead Game , each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity , self-knowledge, and spirituality . In 1946 , he received

1890-428: The 1950s, Hesse's popularity began to wane, while literature critics and intellectuals turned their attention to other subjects. In 1955, the sales of Hesse's books by his publisher Suhrkamp reached an all-time low. However, after Hesse's death in 1962, posthumously published writings, including letters and previously unknown pieces of prose, contributed to a new level of understanding and appreciation of his works. By

1960-455: The 20th century. Hesse was especially popular among young readers, a tendency which continues today. There is a quote from Demian on the cover of Santana 's 1970 album Abraxas , revealing the source of the album's title. Hesse's Siddhartha is one of the most popular Western novels set in India. An authorised translation of Siddhartha was published in the Malayalam language in 1990,

2030-404: The Casa Camuzzi and moved with Ninon to a larger house, also near Montagnola, which was built for him to use for the rest of his life, by his friend and patron Hans C. Bodmer. In the same year, Hesse formally married Ninon, and began planning what would become his last major work, The Glass Bead Game (a.k.a. Magister Ludi ). In 1932, as a preliminary study, he released the novella Journey to

2100-514: The East . Hesse observed the rise to power of Nazism in Germany with concern. In 1933, Bertolt Brecht and Thomas Mann made their travels into exile, each aided by Hesse. In this way, Hesse attempted to work against Hitler 's suppression of art and literature that protested Nazi ideology. Hesse's third wife was Jewish, and he had publicly expressed his opposition to anti-Semitism long before then. Hesse

2170-613: The Hesse boom in the United States can be traced back to enthusiastic writings by two influential counter-culture figures: Colin Wilson and Timothy Leary . From the United States, the Hesse renaissance spread to other parts of the world and even back to Germany: more than 800,000 copies were sold in the German-speaking world from 1972 to 1973. In a space of just a few years, Hesse became the most widely read and translated European author of

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2240-665: The Latin School in Göppingen , Hesse entered the Evangelical Theological Seminary of Maulbronn Abbey in 1891. The pupils lived and studied at the abbey, one of Germany's most beautiful and well-preserved, attending 41 hours of classes a week. Although Hesse did well during the first months, writing in a letter that he particularly enjoyed writing essays and translating classic Greek poetry into German, his time in Maulbronn

2310-455: The Swabian petite bourgeoisie grew further through his relationship with his maternal grandmother Julie Gundert, née Dubois, whose French-Swiss heritage kept her from ever quite fitting in among that milieu. From childhood, Hesse was headstrong and hard for his family to handle. In a letter to her husband, Hermann's mother Marie wrote: "The little fellow has a life in him, an unbelievable strength,

2380-632: The Wheel . On 17 October 1895, Hesse began working in the bookshop in Tübingen, which had a specialized collection in theology, philology, and law. Hesse's tasks consisted of organizing, packing, and archiving the books. After the end of each twelve-hour workday, Hesse pursued his own work, and he spent his long, idle Sundays with books rather than friends. Hesse studied theological writings and later Goethe, Lessing, Schiller, and Greek mythology. He also began reading Nietzsche in 1895, and that philosopher's ideas of "dual…impulses of passion and order" in humankind

2450-498: The atmosphere and adventures by the river, the bridge, the chapel, the houses leaning closely together, hidden nooks and crannies, as well as the inhabitants with their admirable qualities, their oddities, and their idiosyncrasies. The fictional town of Gerbersau is pseudonymous for Calw, imitating the real name of the nearby town of Hirsau . It is derived from the German words gerber , meaning "tanner", and aue , meaning "meadow". Calw had

2520-432: The backdrops of nature and modern civilization, and the role of art in the formation of personal identity. The novel begins with the phrase, "In the beginning was the myth. God, in his search for self-expression, invested the souls of Hindus , Greeks , and Germans with poetic shapes and continues to invest each child's soul with poetry every day." The novel is purely poetical, and its protagonist in time aspires to become

2590-538: The characters, including Harry Haller), the Magic Theatre was founded in 1967 to perform works by new playwrights. Founded by John Lion, the Magic Theatre has fulfilled that mission for many years, including the world premieres of many plays by Sam Shepard. There is also a theatre in Chicago named after the novel, Steppenwolf Theatre . Throughout Germany, many schools are named after him. The Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis

2660-541: The early summer of 1894, he began a 14-month mechanic apprenticeship at a clock tower factory in Calw. The monotony of soldering and filing work made him turn himself toward more spiritual activities. In October 1895, he was ready to begin wholeheartedly a new apprenticeship with a bookseller in Tübingen . This experience from his youth, especially his time spent at the Seminary in Maulbronn, he returns to later in his novel Beneath

2730-789: The language that surrounded Hesse's grandfather, Hermann Gundert, for most of his life. A Hermann Hesse Society of India has also been formed. It aims to bring out authentic translations of Siddhartha in all Indian languages and has already prepared the Sanskrit, Malayalam and Hindi translations of Siddhartha . One enduring monument to Hesse's lasting popularity in the United States is the Magic Theatre in San Francisco. Referring to "The Magic Theatre for Madmen Only" in Steppenwolf (a kind of spiritual and somewhat nightmarish cabaret attended by some of

2800-567: The love for Indian culture and Buddhist philosophy that had already developed earlier in his life. In 1924, Hesse married the singer Ruth Wenger, the daughter of the Swiss writer Lisa Wenger and aunt of Méret Oppenheim . This marriage never attained any stability, however. In 1923, Hesse was granted Swiss citizenship. His next major works, Kurgast (1925) and The Nuremberg Trip (1927), were autobiographical narratives with ironic undertones and foreshadowed Hesse's following novel, Steppenwolf , which

2870-579: The mock autobiographies: Life Story Briefly Told and Aus den Briefwechseln eines Dichters ) and spent much time pursuing his interest in watercolours. Hesse also occupied himself with the steady stream of letters he received as a result of the Nobel Prize and as a new generation of German readers explored his work. In one essay, Hesse reflected wryly on his lifelong failure to acquire a talent for idleness and speculated that his average daily correspondence exceeded 150 pages. He died on 9 August 1962, aged 85, and

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2940-743: The monastery of S. Abbondio in Como in 1535, led to the establishment of the Concilium Sancti Abundii which covered not only Gentilino but the village of Montagnola with the hamlets of Viglio, Orino, Arasio, Certenago, Poporino, Barca and Scairolo. An inventory of the monastery mentioned the presence of a fortress at Arasio. Montagnola belongs to the parish of S. Abbondio at Gentilino. The chapels in S. Silvestro in Arasio and SS Nazaro in Celso were first mentioned in 1270 and 1442 respectively. The local economy

3010-475: The namesake of his grandson), managed the publishing house at the time, and Johannes Hesse succeeded him in 1893. Hesse grew up in a Swabian Pietist household, with the Pietist tendency to insulate believers into small, deeply thoughtful groups. Furthermore, Hesse described his father's Baltic German heritage as "an important and potent fact" of his developing identity. His father, Hesse stated, "always seemed like

3080-460: The poem "How Heavy the Days" on his 2017 LP Do Me a Kindness . The band Steppenwolf took its name from Hesse's novel. Peter Camenzind Peter Camenzind , published in 1904, was the first novel by Hermann Hesse . It contains a number of themes that were to preoccupy the author in many of his later works, most notably the individual's search for a unique spiritual and physical identity amidst

3150-517: The popular themes of the 1960s counterculture (or hippie) movement. In particular, the quest-for-enlightenment theme of Siddhartha , Journey to the East , and Narcissus and Goldmund resonated with those espousing counter-cultural ideals. The "magic theatre" sequences in Steppenwolf were interpreted by some as drug-induced psychedelia although there is no evidence that Hesse ever took psychedelic drugs or recommended their use. In large part,

3220-404: The publication of Hesse's Siddhartha (1922), this masterpiece was to be derived from these new influences. During this time, there also was increased dissonance between him and Maria, and in 1911 Hesse left for a long trip to Sri Lanka and Indonesia . He also visited Sumatra, Borneo, and Burma, but "the physical experience... was to depress him". Any spiritual or religious inspiration that he

3290-448: The same year, Hesse changed jobs and began working at the antiquarium Wattenwyl in Basel. Hesse had more opportunities to release poems and small literary texts to journals. These publications now provided honorariums. His new bookstore agreed to publish his next work, Posthumous Writings and Poems of Hermann Lauscher . In 1902, his mother died after a long and painful illness. He could not bring himself to attend her funeral, stating in

3360-408: The solitary Hesse many opportunities for withdrawal into a private life of artistic self-exploration, journeys and wanderings. In 1900, Hesse was exempted from compulsory military service due to an eye condition . This, along with nerve disorders and persistent headaches, affected him his entire life. In 1901, Hesse undertook to fulfill a long-held dream and travelled for the first time to Italy. In

3430-462: The spirit and not to sing along when the people start belting out the patriotic songs their leaders have ordered them to sing". In the 1930s, Hesse made a quiet statement of resistance by reviewing and publicizing the work of banned Jewish authors, including Franz Kafka . In the late 1930s, German journals stopped publishing Hesse's work, and the Nazis eventually banned it. According to Hesse, he "survived

3500-542: The time of Hesse's death in 1962, his works were still relatively little read in the United States, despite his status as a Nobel laureate. A memorial published in The New York Times went so far as to claim that Hesse's works were largely "inaccessible" to American readers. The situation changed in the mid-1960s when Hesse's works suddenly became bestsellers in the United States. The revival in popularity of Hesse's works has been credited to their association with some of

3570-436: The wide range of emotions that humans exhibit at different stages in their lives. In a later stage of his life, he will embody the ideal of St. Francis as he cares for a crippled man, from whom he gains as much as he gives. Peter Camenzind, as a youth, leaves his mountain village with a great ambition to experience the world and to become one of its denizens. Having experienced the loss of his mother at an early age, and with

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3640-414: The writer Hermann Hesse. A museum to the writer opened in 1997. From 1923 to 1927 it was the seat of the prestigious Officina Bodoni , the printing shop of Hans (later Giovanni) Mardersteig. Since 1956, the village has been home to an international school, The American School In Switzerland , which, in 2014, has about 700 students of various nationalities. Because of its proximity to Lugano, Montagnola

3710-664: The years of the Hitler regime and the Second World War through the eleven years of work that [he] spent on [ The Glass Bead Game ]". Printed in 1943 in Switzerland, this was to be his last novel. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1946. During the last twenty years of his life, Hesse wrote many short stories (chiefly recollections of his childhood) and poems (frequently with nature as their theme). Hesse also wrote ironic essays about his alienation from writing (for instance,

3780-623: Was a great turning point in his life. For the first time, he found himself in the middle of a serious political conflict, attacked by the German press, the recipient of hate mail, and distanced from old friends. However, he did receive support from his friend Theodor Heuss , and the French writer Romain Rolland , who visited Hesse in August 1915. In 1917, Hesse wrote to Rolland, "The attempt...to apply love to matters political has failed". This public controversy

3850-476: Was a heavy influence on most of his novels. By 1898, Hesse had a respectable income that enabled financial independence from his parents. During this time, he concentrated on the works of the German Romantics , including much of the work of Clemens Brentano , Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff , Friedrich Hölderlin , and Novalis . In letters to his parents, he expressed a belief that "the morality of artists

3920-461: Was based on agriculture as well as emigration of architects and builders from the Gilardi, Lucchini, Berra and Camuzzi families into various European countries, especially Russia. Several of these builders were able to create major works in these foreign cities and rise to great fame. The pleasant climate and attractive location of the village attracted many illustrious personalities from abroad including

3990-680: Was born in 1847 in Weissenstein , Governorate of Estonia in the Russian Empire (now Paide, Estonia ). His son Hermann was at birth a dual citizen of the German Empire and the Russian Empire. Hermann had five siblings, but two of them died in infancy. In 1873, the Hesse family moved to Calw, where Johannes worked for Calwer Verlagsverein, a publishing house specializing in theological texts and schoolbooks. Marie's father, Hermann Gundert (also

4060-399: Was born in Germany's Black Forest region of Swabia , his father's celebrated heritage as a Baltic German and his grandmother's French-Swiss roots had an intellectual influence on him. He was a precocious, if not difficult child, who shared a passion for poetry and music with his mother, and was especially well-read and cultured, due in part to the influence of his polyglot grandfather. As

4130-552: Was buried in the cemetery of Sant’Abbondio in Gentilino , where his friend and biographer Hugo Ball and another German personality, the conductor Bruno Walter , are also buried. As reflected in Demian , and other works, he believed that "for different people, there are different ways to God". Despite the influence he drew from Hindu and Buddhist philosophies, he stated about his parents that "their Christianity, one not preached but lived,

4200-516: Was criticized for not condemning the Nazi Party, but his failure to criticize or support any political idea stemmed from his "politics of detachment [...] At no time did he openly condemn (the Nazis), although his detestation of their politics is beyond question." In March 1933, seven weeks after Hitler took power, Hesse wrote to a correspondent in Germany, "It is the duty of spiritual types to stand alongside

4270-462: Was filled with works of world literature. All this instilled a sense in Hermann Hesse that he was a citizen of the world. His family background became, he noted, "the basis of an isolation and a resistance to any sort of nationalism that so defined my life". Young Hesse shared a love of music with his mother. Both music and poetry were important in his family. His mother wrote poetry, and his father

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4340-495: Was known for his use of language in both his sermons and the writing of religious tracts. His first role model for becoming an artist was his half-brother, Theo, who rebelled against the family by entering a music conservatory in 1885. Hesse showed a precocious ability to rhyme, and by 1889–90 had decided that he wanted to be a writer. In 1881, when Hesse was four, the family moved to Basel , Switzerland, staying for six years and then returning to Calw. After successful attendance at

4410-499: Was looking for eluded him, but the journey made a strong impression on his literary work. Following Hesse's return, the family moved to Bern (1912), but the change of environment could not solve the marriage problems, as he himself confessed in his novel Rosshalde from 1914. At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Hesse registered himself as a volunteer with the Imperial Army , saying that he could not sit inactively by

4480-457: Was not yet resolved when a deeper life crisis befell Hesse with the death of his father on 8 March 1916, the serious illness of his son Martin, and his wife's schizophrenia . He was forced to leave his military service and begin receiving psychotherapy . This began for Hesse a long preoccupation with psychoanalysis , through which he came to know Carl Jung personally, and was challenged to new creative heights. Hesse and Jung both later maintained

4550-736: Was placed in a mental institution in Stetten im Remstal , and then a boys' institution in Basel. At the end of 1892, he attended the Gymnasium in Cannstatt, now part of Stuttgart . In 1893, he passed the One Year Examination, which concluded his schooling. The same year, he began spending time with older companions and took up drinking and smoking. After this, Hesse began a bookshop apprenticeship in Esslingen am Neckar , but quit after three days. Then, in

4620-423: Was published in 1927. In the year of his 50th birthday, the first biography of Hesse appeared, written by his friend Hugo Ball . Shortly after his new successful novel, he turned away from the solitude of Steppenwolf and started a cohabitation with art historian Ninon Dolbin , née Ausländer. This change to companionship was reflected in the novel Narcissus and Goldmund , appearing in 1930. In 1931, Hesse left

4690-559: Was published in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung , on 3 November. In this essay he appealed to his fellow intellectuals not to fall for nationalistic madness and hatred. Calling for subdued voices and recognition of Europe's common heritage, Hesse wrote: "That love is greater than hate, understanding greater than ire, peace nobler than war, this exactly is what this unholy World War should burn into our memories, more so than ever felt before". What followed from this, Hesse later indicated,

4760-521: Was the beginning of a serious personal crisis. In March 1892, Hesse showed his rebellious character, and, in one instance, he fled from the Seminary and was found in a field a day later. Hesse began a journey through various institutions and schools and experienced intense conflicts with his parents. In May, after an attempt at suicide, he spent time at an institution in Bad Boll under the care of theologian and minister Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt . Later, he

4830-467: Was the place where Hesse's interest in Buddhism was re-sparked. Following a letter to Kapff in 1895 entitled Nirvana , Hesse had ceased alluding to Buddhist references in his work. In 1904, however, Arthur Schopenhauer and his philosophical ideas started receiving attention again, and Hesse discovered theosophy . Schopenhauer and theosophy renewed Hesse's interest in India. Although it was many years before

4900-453: Was the strongest of the powers that shaped and moulded me". In his time, Hesse was a popular and influential author in the German-speaking world; worldwide fame only came later. Hesse's first great novel, Peter Camenzind , was received enthusiastically by young Germans desiring a different and more "natural" way of life in this time of great economic and technological progress in the country (see also Wandervogel movement). Demian had

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