47-1388: Monro is a surname, and may refer to: In science and education [ edit ] Alexander Monro (primus) , the founder of Edinburgh Medical School Alexander Monro (secundus) , Scottish anatomist, physician and medical educator Alexander Monro (tertius) (1773–1859), Scottish medical pioneer and educator, also known as Alexander Monro III David Binning Monro , Scottish Homeric scholar John U. Monro (1912-2002), American academic administrator In politics [ edit ] Cecil Monro , Australian politician Sir Charles Carmichael Monro (1860–1929), Governor of Gibraltar David Monro (New Zealand politician) , New Zealand politician Hector Monro, Baron Monro of Langholm , Conservative & Unionist Party politician Lady Mary Monro , DBE, wife of Sir Charles Carmichael Monro In music [ edit ] Matt Monro , English singer Ryan Monro , band member in The Cat Empire Alison Monro, alternative name of Alison Sudol , before forming A Fine Frenzy In other fields [ edit ] Ander Monro (born 1981), Canadian rugby player Donald Monro (disambiguation) George Monro (disambiguation) Harold Monro (1879–1932), British poet Heather Monro (born 1971),
94-666: A French folio edition was published in Paris with elegant engravings by Joseph Sue, Professor of Anatomy to the Royal Schools of Surgery and to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris. Thomas Thomson wrote that the book "may be considered as the completion on the subject, since it would be exceedingly difficult and perfectly unnecessary to introduce any improvements upon the descriptions which Dr Monro has given." The great reputation attained by Monro's work did much to increase
141-580: A cadet branch of Clan Munro , descended from the Monros of Foulis. John Monro was a military surgeon and his son Alexander was born in London while he was on military duty there. When Alexander was three the family returned to Edinburgh, where John Monro took great care with his son's education. He had him instructed in Latin, Greek and French, and in philosophy, arithmetic and book-keeping. Alexander attended classes at
188-570: A house in Robertson's Close, rented from the university. This had six beds where the sick poor could be treated and provide clinical teaching for medical students. This 'Hospital for the Sick Poor' or 'Little House' as it was known was the origin of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh . In 1736 it received a Royal Charter from King George II , which conferred the 'Royal' designation. With the growth of
235-492: Is known as Alexander Monro primus to distinguish him from his son Alexander Monro secundus and his grandson Alexander Monro tertius who both followed him in the chair of anatomy. These three Monros between them held the Edinburgh University Chair of Anatomy for 126 years. Alexander Monro was the son of John Monro and his wife, Jean Forbes, who was his first cousin. John Monro was a Monro of Auchenbowie ,
282-561: The Royal College of Physicians and the Incorporation of Surgeons . They were so impressed with the quality of these dissections that Adam Drummond, on seeing them, indicated that would resign his share of the professorship of anatomy in favour of Monro. In the spring of 1718, Alexander Monro primus went to Paris where attended lectures on botany in the Jardin du Roy. He walked the wards of
329-528: The ' Bedlam Monros ', another dynasty, known for their treatment of insanity in London. Jean Monro died c. 1710. In August 1721, John Monro married Margaret Main (née Crichton) and she outlived him. In later years, he lived at Carolside near Earlston in Berwickshire, where he died in 1740. Morrell, J. The Edinburgh town council and its university, 1717–1766 in Anderson R. Simpson A. (eds). The early years of
376-613: The Council for permanent status, and although the Council had as lately as August 1719 reaffirmed the principle that regentships and professorships were to be held at their pleasure, they now departed from this and on 14 March 1722, nominated Alexander Monro sole Professor of Anatomy in the City and College. Until 1725, Monro continued to lecture in the old Surgeons' Hall on the south side of Surgeons' Square. The popularity of his teaching had led to an increased demand for cadavers for dissection. Despite
423-665: The Monro dynasty of anatomists in Edinburgh. He is credited with conceiving and playing a major role in founding the University of Edinburgh Medical School. He served as Deacon (President) of the Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh. John Monro was the third son of Sir Alexander Monro (1629–1704) of Bearcrofts, commissary of Stirling. He was initially apprenticed on 8 April 1687, to the Edinburgh surgeon William Borthwick of Pilmuir (1641–89),
470-693: The Royal Burghs of Scotland. In 1713 the Town Council appointed him surgeon to the poor of the city for an annual salary of '300 merks Scots', a position he held until 1720. Monro was loyal to the British monarchy. He was present in his official robes as Deacon of Convenery along with other civic dignitaries at the proclamation of George I as King of Great Britain, France and Ireland at the Mercat Cross in Edinburgh on 5 August 1714. It seems likely that he attended
517-609: The Scots born accoucheur and anatomist James Douglas was concerned that he would lose the arm as a result of the soft tissue infection which developed. Monro took an active part in discussions, and in one of his papers first sketched his "Account of the Bones in General". This would form the basis of his later textbook on osteology. Before he left London he sent home to his father some of his anatomical specimens. His father showed these to members of
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#1732855100232564-529: The Society began to publish Medical Essays and Observations with Monro as editor. A total of six volumes were published consisting of case reports from around the British Isles, reviews of the literature and book reviews, with most of the reviews being written by Monro himself. These were popular and important in their day, being translated into French, German and Dutch. Medical Essays and Observations regarded as
611-442: The University of Edinburgh between 1710 and 1713 but did not graduate. He was then bound apprentice to his father, who was by now in practice as a surgeon in Edinburgh. During this apprenticeship he also attended courses in botany delivered by George Preston, courses in chemistry by Dr James Crawford and anatomy dissections at Surgeons Hall by Messers Robert Eliot, Adam Drummond and John McGill. He assisted his father in treating
658-552: The University of Leiden in Holland on 11 October 1692. While studying there he attended the lectures of Archibald Pitcairne from Edinburgh who had been appointed Professor of Physic. In 1694, he returned home and married his cousin, Jean Forbes, granddaughter of the first Duncan Forbes of Culloden. On 7 March 1695 he was commissioned Surgeon in General Sir Henry Belasyse's 22nd Regiment of Foot . During that spring
705-467: The army, physician to St George's Hospital , London and a Fellow of the Royal Society. The third son Alexander Monro secundus (1733–1817) succeeded his father as Professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh. For Margaret (died 1802), his only surviving daughter, Monro p rimus wrote An essay on female conduct ' intended to improve her education . From 1730, Monro lived in a large flat on
752-440: The best medical education available at the time, studying in Edinburgh, London, Paris and Leiden. To facilitate his son's appointment to this key chair, John Monro used his influence in 1720 to force the Incorporation's two Professors of anatomy, John McGill and Adam Drummond to resign in favour of his son. The reason for these resignations was because "...the state of their health and business were such that they could not duly attend
799-471: The channel that connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle of the brain Monro Muffler Brake , an automotive service center with over 700 stores [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Monro . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to
846-601: The different branches of Physic and Surgery regularly taught at Edinburgh, which was highly approved by them". His plan was favourably received by the Town Council, the University of Edinburgh the Royal College of Physicians and the Incorporation of Surgeons. The key to its success was the appointment to the University Chair of Anatomy of John Monro’s son, Alexander , whose education and training had been planned with this specific objective. Indeed, Alexander arguably had
893-411: The examinations for the degree of MD. On his return to Edinburgh in the autumn of 1719, Monro sat the four part examination to become a Freeman (Fellow) of the Incorporation of Surgeons and was admitted as a Fellow on 19 November. Adam Drummond then fulfilled his promise of resigning his professorship, and John M'Gill did likewise. They also gave a recommendation in favour of Monro to the Town Council,
940-430: The fact that Monro had publicly declared his "...Abhorrence for the vile, abominable and most inhumane Crime of stealing human bodies out of their graves..." public anger was directed against anatomists. This led to public demonstrations and riots which Monro felt endangered him and his collection of dissected specimens. Monro appealed to the Town Council to allow him to lecture and perform anatomical demonstrations within
987-515: The fame of the new school of medicine on Edinburgh. In 1764, he resigned his professorship, but continued to give clinical lectures at the hospital. In the same year, he published An Account of the Inoculation of Small-pox in Scotland. As a Freeman (or Fellow) of the Incorporation of Surgeons, Monro continued his surgical practice alongside anatomy teaching. Like all three generations, Monro primus
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#17328551002321034-447: The first Duncan Forbes of Culloden. They had one son Alexander Monro primus (1697–1767). In turn his son, who would become Prof Alexander Monro secundus (1733–1817) also held the chair of Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh as did his son who would become Professor Alexander Monro tertius (1773–1859). Between them, these 3 men occupied the chair of Anatomy for a total of 126 years, from 1720–1846. They were distant relatives of
1081-537: The first in the Edinburgh Incorporation of Surgeons to have an international perspective, having studied at Padua, Italy and at Leiden, Holland. Borthwick's Leiden education and his appointment in 1679 as Chirurgeon Major to the Army in Scotland, both influenced his young apprentice. From 1689, Monro served as an apprentice to Dr Christopher Irvine who had obtained a medical degree abroad. Monro matriculated at
1128-580: The first regular medical journal in Britain and one of the first in the world It was also the first medical journal to introduce anonymised peer review. This innovative publication helped to establish Monro as a major figure of the Scottish Enlightenment. After a period of inactivity the society was reformed as the Philosophical Society, which also lapsed but was revived in 1752 with Monro and
1175-427: The hospitals including Hotel Dieu where he attended a course of anatomy given by Bourquet. He performed operations under the direction of Thibaut and had instruction in midwifery from Gregoire, in bandaging from Cesau, and in botany from Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chomel. On 16 November 1718, Monro entered as a student of Leiden University to study under Herman Boerhaave , the great physician and teacher, who lectured on
1222-562: The lectures that resulted from them are regarded as the origin of the Edinburgh University medical school. The role played by powerful patrons such as Archibald Campbell, 1st Earl of Ilay (1682– 1761) and Lord Provost George Drummond (1688–1766) in these events, which remains the subject of controversy, has been explored at length by Emerson. John Monro married twice. In 1694, he married his first cousin Jean Forbes, granddaughter of
1269-432: The link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monro&oldid=1217757808 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Alexander Monro (primus) Alexander Monro (19 September 1697 – 10 July 1767) was a Scottish surgeon and anatomist. His father,
1316-558: The new Edinburgh medical school was based on the Leiden model of a medical faculty within a university and with an associated teaching hospital. In 1721, Alexander Monro circulated a pamphlet setting out the case for this hospital. Lord Provost George Drummond helped secure financial backing from local surgeons, physicians, wealthy citizens and Church of Scotland parishes. Monro and the committee of donors established this hospital in August 1729 in
1363-463: The new medical school this soon became too small for purpose and a new teaching hospital was commissioned, designed by the leading architect William Adam . The original hospital moved in 1741 and the new hospital was finally completed in 1745. Among the first admissions to the completed hospital were casualties from the Battle of Prestonpans on 21 September 1745. Monro Primus, a staunch Hanoverian , treated
1410-474: The patrons of the University. This was backed by the Incorporation of Surgeons, and on 22 January 1720 the Council appointed Monro Professor of Anatomy with a salary of £15 sterling, this modest sum being supplemented by the students' fees of three guineas a head. Monro's original appointment as professor was only at the pleasure of the Town Council, who at that time administered the University or Town's College. In 1722, encouraged by his success, Monro applied to
1457-648: The philosopher David Hume as joint secretaries. In 1783 the Philosophical Society received a Royal Charter to become the Royal Society of Edinburgh . Monro was also a member of the Select Society , which had been founded in 1754 by the painter Allan Ramsay "...to discover the most effectual methods of promoting the good of the country." In 1765 Monro published an account of the extent of inoculation against smallpox in Scotland, in which he estimated that only 88 of Scotland's doctors, out of an estimated 270, had taken up
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1504-518: The procedure and had inoculated a total of 5,554 people. In 1725, he married Isabella MacDonald (1694 -1774), third daughter of Sir Donald MacDonald of Sleat. They had three sons and a daughter. The eldest son, John Monro (1725-1789), became an advocate and then procurator Fiscal to the High Court of Admiralty. He inherited Achenbowie to become 5th of Auchenbowie. The second son, Donald Monro (1727–1802), graduated MD and became Physician-General to
1551-600: The regiment served in the Netherlands and were in camp between Bruges and Ghent. Later in that year, they took part in the Siege of Namur under the personal command of King William III of Great Britain . From 1696 to 1700, Monro was stationed in England and in Ireland but he appears to have been given long periods of leave which enabled him to set up a house with his wife in London and it
1598-693: The relative safety of the University. The Council agreed and Monro moved from Surgeons Hall to the University of Edinburgh, being formally inaugurated to the university chair on 3 November 1725. The initial medical faculty was completed in February 1726 with the appointment of John Rutherford and John Innes as Professors of the Practice of Physic, Andrew St Clair as Professor of the Institutes of Theory of Medicine, Andrew Plummer as professor of Chemistry, and John Gibson as professor of Midwifery. John Monro's vision of
1645-479: The said professorships" and they unanimously recommended Alexander Monro to be Professor of Anbatomy to the city and the University. The following week, on 29 January 1720 Alexander was appointed by the town Council as Professor of Anatomy in the University. In the following months, John Monro was involved in the arrangement that Charles Alston should become Professor of Materia Medica and that James Crawford should become Professor of Chemistry. These appointments and
1692-649: The second British female orienteer to win a world championship medal James Monro (1838–1920), the first Assistant Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police Joanna Monro (born 1956), British actress Stuart Monro (born 1947), prominent Scottish geologist and science communicator Monro family , a family of noted physicians of London, predominantly associated with Bedlam and various medical societies See also [ edit ] Monroe (disambiguation) Munro (disambiguation) Munroe (disambiguation) Foramina of Monro ,
1739-625: The south side of the Lawnmarket , moving in 1750 to Covenant Close off the High Street. He died at his home in Covenant Close, Edinburgh of rectal cancer on 10 July 1767. He is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in the centre of Edinburgh with his wife and son, Alexander . John Monro (surgeon) John Monro of Bearcrofts (1670–1740) was a Scottish surgeon who was the progenitor of
1786-503: The support of his father and the patronage of the Edinburgh, Lord Provost George Drummond , Alexander Monro was appointed foundation Professor of Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh . His lectures, delivered in English, rather than the conventional Latin, proved popular with students and his qualities as a teacher contributed to the success and reputation of the Edinburgh medical school. He
1833-475: The surgeon John Monro , had been a prime mover in the foundation of the Edinburgh Medical School and had arranged Alexander's education in the hope that his son might become the first Professor of Anatomy in the new university medical school. After medical studies in Edinburgh, London, Paris and Leiden, Alexander Monro returned to Edinburgh, and pursued a career as a surgeon and anatomy teacher. With
1880-433: The theologian and mathematician William Whiston and the physicist Francis Hauksbee on experimental philosophy. He made dissections of the human body and of various animals and demonstrated a natural aptitude for this work. His career was nearly cut short as a result of a scratch on the hand inflicted while he was dissecting the suppurated lung of a subject, known to have phthisis (tuberculosis). His mentor and friend,
1927-419: The theory and practice of physic. On Boerhaave's recommendation he visited Frederik Ruysch , professor of Anatomy at Amsterdam, where he saw Ruysch's large collection of anatomical dissections and learned from him techniques of preservation of anatomical specimens. Patients from Scotland who came to consult Boerhaave in Leiden were often put under Monro's care. Like many Scottish students at Leiden he did not sit
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1974-454: The wounded at the Battle of Sheriffmuir in 1715. In 1717, on completion of his apprenticeship, Alexander Munro was sent to London to study anatomy under William Cheselden , the famous surgeon who was a renowned teacher and a skilful demonstrator. A lasting friendship was formed between the two men. To gain as much experience as possible Monro lodged in the house of an apothecary and visited patients with him. He also attended lectures by
2021-517: The wounded at the Battle of Sherrifmuir in 1715 during the Jacobite rising. Having established himself in Edinburgh as a man of influence and authority in professional and civic affairs, John Monro set about the fulfilment of his ambition of founding in the City a "Seminary of Medical Education" modelled on the medical school of the University of Leiden , where he had studied. In 1720, he produced "a plan which he had long formed in my own mind, of having
2068-515: The wounded of both sides at the battlefield and afterwards in the new Royal Infirmary. At the end of 1726, Monro published his only major textbook The Anatomy of the Human Bones, which went through eight editions in his lifetime and a further three after his death. Later editions included a description of The Anatomy of the Human Nerves . It was translated into most European languages and in 1759
2115-517: Was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh . Monro secundus and Monro tertius were also Presidents of the RCPE. Monro was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society , on 27 June 1723, on the recommendation of William Cheseldon. In 1731 Monro was the driving force in the foundation of the Society for the Improvement of Medical Knowledge, and he became its first secretary. The following year
2162-563: Was elected Deacon (President) in 1712. This gave him an ex officio seat on Edinburgh Town Council and later that year he was elected Deacon of the Edinburgh Convenery of Trades , a position which gave him considerable local political power and status. The following year he was re-elected to these offices, and in addition, was appointed one of the City’s representatives on the Convention of
2209-427: Was there that his son, Alexander Monro was born in 1697. In 1700, Monro left the army and settled in Edinburgh. As a necessary prerequisite to practising surgery, he opened an apothecary's shop then became a burgess of the city on 19 August 1702. He was admitted to the Incorporation of Surgeons on 11 March 1703, having passed the necessary examinations. Monro was elected as Boxmaster (Treasurer) from 1708 to 1710 and
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