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27-527: Kucadɨkadɨ means "eaters of the brine fly pupae". They are also known as the Kutsavidökadö, Koza'bittukut'teh, Kotsa'va, Mono Lake Paiute, Mono Basin Paiute, and Kuzedika, while the tribe itself calls themselves Kootzaduka’a. The term "Mono Lake Paiute," a holdover from early anthropological literature , has proven problematic. The term "Mono" is from a Yokutsan loanword from the tribe's southwestern neighbors,

54-684: A diverse array of seashore and wetland habitats including hot springs , petroleum pools , salt pools, alkaline lakes , marshes . Imago are phytophagous , sometimes feeding on microscopic algae and bacteria ( Paracoenia , Ephydra ), or predatory ( Ochthera , Ephydrinae). As larvae, many are phytophagous, grazing on aquatic plants (including cultivated rice), others are algal grazers or saprophagous . Larvae of Trimerina are predatory. Some species are an important food source for other animals. Others cause damage to agricultural crops. Larvae of some Ephydridae live in very unusual habitats. For example, Ephydra brucei lives in hot springs and geysers where

81-670: Is a family of insects in the order Diptera . Shore flies are tiny flies that can be found near seashores or at smaller inland waters, such as ponds. About 2,000 species have been described worldwide, including Ochthera . The petroleum fly , Helaeomyia petrolei , is the only known insect whose larvae live in naturally occurring crude petroleum . Another notable species is Ephydra hians which lives in vast number at Mono Lake . For terms, see Morphology of Diptera . The flies are minute to small (0.9 to 7.0 mm), with black or gray colorations. Wings are sometimes patterned. Costa with two interruptions are present in first section, near

108-643: Is a high piedmont area of the Sierra Nevada , the average elevation in the Mono Lake basin is around 6,400 feet (2,000 m) above sea level. The surrounding mountains range from 9,000 to 13,000 ft (2,700 to 4,000 m) in elevation. Mono Lake is extremely saline and is home to several waterfowl species and the brine fly, or Ephydra hians or Hydropyrus hians , from which the band takes its name. Pinus monophylla or piñon pine has been an important source of food, as were jackrabbits, deer, mountain sheep, and

135-457: Is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mono County , California , United States. It is located 25 miles (40 km) south-southeast of Bridgeport . Lee Vining is located on the southwest shore of Mono Lake . The population was 217 as of the 2020 census . The town was named after Leroy Vining, who founded the town in 1852 as a mining camp . In 1926, the town

162-423: Is highest in the winter months of December through March, but some can be expected to fall every month of the year, and the town does not typically experience the four to six month dry spells of more coastal parts of California. The economy of Lee Vining relies largely on tourism , since it is the closest town to the east entrance of Yosemite National Park , and is near other tourist destinations such as Mono Lake,

189-480: Is reduced to a cephalic skeleton, there are no anterior spiracles and the posterior spiracles are extended as spines. The other taxa have larvae similar to the Sciomyzidae , with the posterior spiracles at the apices of divergent branches from a common base. They may be differentiated by short thoracic segments (like the abdominal ones) and by the absence of a ventral arch linking the mouth hooks. Ephydridae occupy

216-538: Is situated near the foot of Lee Vining Canyon . State Route 120 runs from town, through the canyon, up to Tioga Pass . Lee Vining Canyon is one of only two ice climbing venues in California. U.S. Route 395 also runs through the town, connecting to Los Angeles 330 miles (530 km) to the south, and Reno, Nevada 140 miles (230 km) to the north. Gus Hess Park commemorates an early miner in Lee Vining. The town

243-658: Is the site of the Upside-Down House, a distinctive local landmark built by silent film actress Nellie Bly O'Bryan . Also located in the town is the Whoa Nellie Deli , which was once described by the San Francisco Chronicle as "a misplaced Fellini set carved into the edge of the Mono Basin, dust devils skipping around in the distance like extras on the floor of Owens Valley." The Lee Vining Airport lies near

270-731: The California State Legislature , Lee Vining is in the 8th Senate District , represented by Democrat Angelique Ashby , and in the 5th Assembly District , represented by Republican Joe Patterson . In the United States House of Representatives , Lee Vining is in California's 8th congressional district , represented by Democrat John Garamendi . Lee Vining is in the Eastern Sierra Unified School District . An elementary school and

297-499: The Yokuts , who designated the band living around Mono Lake as monachie/monoache (" fly people") because fly larvae were their chief food staple and trading article. Later researchers believed this term referred to both the Kucadɨkadɨ and their southern Mono neighbors who now bear this name. Most confusingly, while Mono stuck to the unrelated people to the south, it also correctly stuck to

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324-608: The Kucadɨkadɨ band are enrolled in federally recognized Bishop Paiute , Washoe , Yokut , Miwok , and Western Mono tribes. Others are seeking recognition as the Sierra Southern Miwuk and the Mono Lake Indian Community, headquartered in Lee Vining, California . Brine fly Discomyzinae Ephydrinae Gymnomyzinae Hydrelliinae Ilytheinae Ephydridae ( shore fly , sometimes brine fly )

351-595: The Mono county seat , and southeast the same distance to the junction for Mammoth Lakes . California State Route 120 climbs west from Lee Vining 12 miles (19 km) to the top of Tioga Pass , the east entrance to Yosemite National Park . According to the United States Census Bureau , the Lee Vining CDP covers an area of 5.2 square miles (13 km ), 99.95% of it land and 0.05% of it water. Lee Vining, on

378-630: The Northern Paiute language is connected to the language of the Shoshoni, who live in Death Valley, and east and north California, as well as that of the Kawaiisu and Ute people , who live in southern California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The band is well known for its basketry, they wove coiled baskets as well as twined baskets. Bracken fern and redbud provide color for designs on coiled baskets. In

405-619: The band up to 1920. The Kucadɨkadɨ speak the Northern Paiute language , which is in the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. The Numu (Northern Paiute) language is spoken by a wide number of different tribes, residing across the western United States, from Mono Lake in eastern California, and extending into Nevada, Oregon, and Idaho. Extending further in the United States of America,

432-413: The boundary between the Sierra Nevada and Great Basin ecoregions, has a transitional climate: warmer and drier than the mountains to the west but cooler and much snowier than the vast desert to the east. Despite only getting 14 inches (360 mm) of water-equivalent precipitation annually, the town averages nearly 6 feet (1.8 m) of snow, sometimes falling as late as April or even May. Precipitation

459-439: The coloradia Pandora moth. The extended family formed the band's basic social units, which moved together as a group. They traded with Owens Valley Paiute and Western Mono . Three late 19th-century winter houses belonging to the tribe have been excavated by archaeologists. They are conical houses constructed with posts of Utah juniper or Juniperus osteosperma . Winter houses of this type, called tomogani , were built by

486-489: The ghost town of Bodie , popular trout fishing destinations, and June Mountain and Mammoth Mountain ski areas and the June Lake recreational area. Although off-season tourism has increased in recent years, most tourists visit in the summer months because State Route 120 through Yosemite is often closed otherwise because of heavy snowfall in the winter. Lee Vining has a year-round information center for visitors. Lee Vining

513-406: The humeral cross-vein and again near the end of vein 1. The second basal cell is not separated from the discal cell. Arista are bare or with hairs on the upper side (plumose on the upper side). The mouth opening is very large in some species. The ratio of vertical diameter of eye and height of gena (face index) is widely used in identification of individual species. In the tribe Notiphilini the head

540-881: The lake around which the Kucad i kad i live. Lamb gives the Mono language name as kwicathyhka', " larvae eaters", or Mono Lake Paviotso. The Yosemite-Mono Lake Paiute group trace the origins of the Ahwahnichi, the original inhabitants of the park, to Chief Tenaya’s group, which is the band documented in Bunnell’s accounts. Andrews said that Tenaya led a band of Paiutes that migrated from the Mono Lake area and settled in villages in Yosemite. The Kucadɨkadɨ's homeland surrounds Mono Lake in eastern California , but they traditionally traveled to Walker Lake, Nevada for seasonal subsistence activities. Mono Lake

567-432: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, encroachment of non-Natives in their territory disrupted traditional hunting and gathering lifestyles, so members of the tribe relied on the tourist trade. Selling elaborate baskets to non-Indian tourists became a viable way of making a living. Glass beads were introduced by non-natives, and Kucadɨkadɨ women began incorporating the seed beads into their baskets by 1908. Many members of

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594-615: The population) lived in households, 9 (4.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 85 households, out of which 31 (36.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 44 (51.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4 (4.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 5 (5.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 5 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 1 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 28 households (32.9%) were made up of individuals, and 6 (7.1%) had someone living alone who

621-571: The town. The ZIP Code is 93541. The community is inside area codes 442 and 760 . The 2010 United States Census reported that Lee Vining had a population of 222. The population density was 42.5 inhabitants per square mile (16.4/km ). The racial makeup of Lee Vining was 126 (56.8%) White , 0 (0.0%) African American , 25 (11.3%) Native American , 0 (0.0%) Asian / Pacific Islander , 64 (28.8%) from other races , and 7 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 96 persons (43.2%). The Census reported that 213 people (95.9% of

648-895: The water temperature exceeds 45 degrees Celsius; some Scatella live in hot sulphur springs; Helaeomyia petrolei develops in pools of crude oil; and Ephydra cinerea , the brine fly proper, in pools with very high concentrations of salt. Some have public health significance being associated with sewage filter beds and septic tanks. Flies develop in moist soils or mine leaves of aquatic, subaquatic, and rarely dry soil ( Hydrellia ) plants. Flies are found near water along coasts, among aquatic vegetation and sometimes on water surfaces ( Ephydra ).   Curtonotidae   Drosophilidae + Camillidae  Ephydridae   Diastatidae sensu lato   Curtonotidae + Drosophilidae   Campichoetidae  Ephydridae+ Camillidae   Diastatidae Lee Vining, California Lee Vining (formerly Leevining , Poverty Flat , and Lakeview )

675-503: Was 30.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males. There were 112 housing units at an average density of 21.5 per square mile (8.3/km ), of which 43 (50.6%) were owner-occupied, and 42 (49.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.6%. 108 people (48.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 105 people (47.3%) lived in rental housing units. In

702-401: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51. There were 53 families (62.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.25. The population was spread out, with 56 people (25.2%) under the age of 18, 26 people (11.7%) aged 18 to 24, 71 people (32.0%) aged 25 to 44, 52 people (23.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 17 people (7.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

729-475: Was laid out by Chris Mattly and named "Lakeview", but when a post office was sought in 1928, it was learned that another town, Lakeview, California , already had the name. The name of Lee Vining was chosen in 1953. The place was also called "Poverty Flat" for its unfavorable conditions for agriculture. Lee Vining is in western Mono County along U.S. Route 395 , at the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada . US 395 leads northwest 25 miles (40 km) to Bridgeport,

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