41-611: Molla may refer to: People [ edit ] Abdul Quader Molla (1948–2013), Bangladeshi Islamist leader, writer and politician convicted and executed for war crimes Abdur Razzak Molla (born 1944), Indian politician Akash Azad Molla (born 2001), Indian public figure Atukuri Molla (1440–1530), Telugu poet Gaetano Molla (1845–1894), Italian impresario, conductor, pianist and opera director Getaneh Molla (born 1994), Ethiopian long-distance runner Gianna Beretta Molla (1922–1962), Italian Roman Catholic pediatrician who refused
82-477: A military coup , the new government permitted Jamaat to participate in politics again. Quader Mollah became active in the party. By 2010 he was assistant secretary general of the party. He was expelled from Bangladesh National Press Club in 2013. In 1996, prior to the controversial February elections , he was arrested along with Awami League leader Tofael Ahmed under the Special Powers Act, 1974 . As
123-486: A "political killing". More significantly, a segment of Bangladeshi people and some human rights observant in Bangladesh and abroad, they do, believe the hanged of Quader Mollah was not only a "political killing" but also a "judicial killing." He was later buried in his village of Faridpur. Shahbag protesters , who started rallying from 5 February 2013 for the capital punishment of Quader Molla, expressed their delight after
164-539: A life sentence instead of the death penalty, which many expected, a smiling Mollah celebrated the verdict by holding up two fingers in a "V" sign as he left the court. Many activists reacted by protesting and demonstrating, demanding the death penalty and an end to extremism in politics. A major protest started at the Shahbag intersection in central Dhaka. Bloggers and online activists called for further mass demonstration at Shahbag intersection. Thousands of people joined
205-845: A life-threatening abortion and a hysterectomy Giasuddin Molla (born 1956), Indian politician Jordi Mollà (born 1968), Spanish actor José Mollá (born 1967), Argentine businessman Manik Hossain Molla (born 1999), Bangladeshi footballer Moslem Ali Molla , East Pakistan member of parliament Oleg Molla (born 1986), Moldovan footballer Rahamatulla Molla (born 1987), Indian former athlete Saokat Molla (born 1971), Indian politician Shlomo Molla (born 1965), Israeli politician Solomon Molla (born 1987), Ethiopian athlete Zaman Molla (born 1979), Iranian former table tennis player Molla Mallory (1884–1959), Norwegian tennis player Molla Wagué (born 1991), Malian footballer Other uses [ edit ] Molla, Markazi ,
246-453: A member of Islami Chhatra Shangha , Quader Mollah joined its paramilitary force , Al-Badr , during the Liberation war of Bangladesh . He was known as Butcher of Mirpur during the war. Bangladesh achieved independence that year and eventually Jamaat was banned from political participation under the new government. After assassination of the president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1975 and
287-609: A principal ally in their Four-Party Alliance in the 2000s. The BNP has commented on the Shahbag Protest, warning that the government should not be allowed to draw political mileage from the movement that demanded capital punishment for convicted war criminals. Responding to the demand of the Shahbag activists, on 13 February 2013, the National Press Club of Bangladesh stripped Quader Mollah of his membership. On 17 February 2013,
328-557: A senior teacher at Rifles Public School and College (now Bir Shreshtha Noor Mohammad Public College). He later became the acting principal of the institute for a short period during the regime of Ziaur Rahman . He was elected as the Vice President of Dhaka Journalists' Union for two consecutive terms in 1982 and 1983. Mollah was married to Sanwar Jahan. In 1971 leaders of Jamaat opposed the independence movement in East Pakistan . As
369-470: A trial that complied with fair trial and due process safeguards. Only full respect for stringent due process guarantees distinguishes capital punishment as possibly permitted under international law from a summary execution, which by definition violates human rights standards." The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) says the retrospective application of the amendment in Abdul Quader Molla's case
410-681: A village in Markazi Province, Iran Mullah (Islamic clergy), alternative spelling Molla (skipper) , a skipper butterfly genus Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Molla . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molla&oldid=1170456215 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
451-607: Is unicameral . Called the Jatiya Sangsad in Bengali, it is the parliament of Bangladesh. The Speaker presides over meetings of the Jatiya Sangsad and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. The current Jatiya Sangsad contains 350 seats, including 50 seats reserved exclusively for women and 300 seats for elected members, which are apportioned on elected party position in the parliament. The twelfth national parliamentary election
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#1732855634229492-581: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Abdul Quader Molla Abdul Quader Mollah ( Bengali : আব্দুল কাদের মোল্লা ; 14 August 1948 – 12 December 2013) was a Bangladeshi Islamist leader, writer, and politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami , who was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh (ICT) set up by
533-499: Is incompatible with Bangladesh's obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), including Article 15, which prohibits the imposition of a heavier penalty than provided for at the time the criminal offence was committed. Baroness Warsi stated, "We further note that Abdul Quader Mollah was sentenced to death following an appeal permitted under retrospectively applied legislation, and that he
574-512: Is the Head of State , a largely ceremonial post. The real power is held by the prime minister , who is the head of government . The President is the commander-in-chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces . The president is elected by the legislature every five years and has normally limited powers that are substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government , mainly in controlling
615-525: Is the central executive government of Bangladesh . The government was constituted by the Constitution of Bangladesh comprising the executive (the president , prime minister and cabinet ), the legislature (the Jatiya Sangsad ), and the judiciary (the Supreme Court ). Bangladesh is a unitary state and the central government has the authority to govern over the entirety of the nation. The seat of
656-640: The Bangladesh Supreme Court ruled Mollah guilty of murders and other war crimes, and converted his life sentence to a death sentence. He was scheduled to be executed by hanging on 11 December. Due to more legal challenges, the execution was suspended and then upheld; he was executed on 12 December. He was the first person to have been executed for crimes committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War . Quader Mollah had unsuccessfully stood for parliament in 1986 and 1996 , contesting
697-541: The Supreme Court of Bangladesh and asked for it to upgrade Molla's sentence from life in prison to death. On 17 September 2013, the Supreme Court accepted the appeal and sentenced Mollah to death. He was not given a right to appeal, as the war crimes law under which he was prosecuted did not have a provision granting that right. Mollah was one of five leaders of the largest Islamic Party, Jamaat-e-Islami condemned to death by Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal. He
738-509: The government of Bangladesh and hanged. The United Nations raised objections to the trial's fairness, while the general public in Bangladesh widely supported the execution. He was convicted on five of six counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes at his trial on 5 February 2013. A member of the Al-Badr militia during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War , Mollah was convicted of killing 344 civilians among many other war crimes, and
779-578: The Bangladeshi Parliament passed a bill amending the International Crimes (Tribunal) Act of 1973 which allowed the government, complainant, or informant to appeal an order of acquittal or order of sentencing. Jamaat members have also led protests against the trials, saying that the government is trying to suppress the opposition. It called for a general strike in Dhaka, shutting down activity in
820-408: The authorities approached him thrice on the matter. Molla's lawyers asked the Supreme Court to halt the execution and allow him to appeal, as Bangladesh's constitution grants all death row prisoners the right of appeal. Supreme Court chamber judge Syed Mahmoud Hossain accepted these arguments issued a stay of execution order to give Mollah time to appeal on 11 December 2013, just 90 minutes before he
861-641: The city. In December 2012, conversations and emails between the chief judge of the ICT, Nizamul Huq , and a Brussels-based lawyer were published in The Economist , which revealed that the Bangladesh Government had pressured the ICT for a quick verdict. Following the revelations, Justice Nizamul Huq resigned from the tribunal. The European Union , the UK, Turkey and Australia expressed their concern as they believed
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#1732855634229902-591: The country and executes the laws, passed by the legislature. It maintains the internal law and order in the country. It also maintains relationship with foreign countries. It works for defence, liberty and sovereignty of the country. The executive calculates the income and expenditure of the government. It also performs various public welfare services such as; education , agriculture , establishment of industry , trade & commerce, land reform, tax and revenue collection. Beside this, it also accepts and implements various development projects. The legislature of Bangladesh
943-541: The death penalty violated human rights. Two UN Human Rights Commission experts called on to halt the execution because of concerns that Abdul Quader Mollah did not receive a fair trial. "The right of appeal is of particular importance in death penalty cases," said the Special Rapporteur (UN) on the independence of judges and lawyers, Gabriela Knaul. Christof Heyns , Special Rapporteur (UN) on summary executions , said capital punishment "may be imposed only following
984-658: The death penalty, did not issue any official statements at any level. India , Bangladesh's biggest neighbour and No. 1 trading partner, did not issue any official reaction although the Indian media actively covered the execution and the buildup to the same. Protests against his execution were held in London and Pakistan . Government of Bangladesh The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( Bengali : গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার — Gôṇôprôjātôntrī bānglādēsh shôrkār )
1025-500: The execution "political murder" and warned of exacting revenge for "every drop" of his blood. Two activists from the ruling Awami League were hacked to death in Kalaroa; one other person died in clashes between police and JEI supporters in Noakhali, while a driver was reportedly killed after JEI protesters chased him down. As a result of the violent reaction, and in combination with violence in
1066-444: The execution. After the schedule and the execution of Quader Molla, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami started violent protest and called for general strike on 11, 12 and 15 December 2013. Almost 25 persons died and many other injured in different parts of the country during their protests. During the protests JEI activists torched homes and businesses of government supporters and firebombed train stations and blocked roads. The party called
1107-663: The form of a petition, as required under Section 9(1) of the 1973 Act. He was charged with abetting the Pakistani army and actively participating in the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities : rape (including the rape of minors ) and mass murder of Bangladeshis in the Mirpur area of Dhaka during the Bangladesh Liberation War . A member of the Razakar militia during the war, Mollah was charged with killing 344 civilians. Charges filed against Quader Mollah by ICT were: On 5 February 2013, Mollah
1148-581: The government is located in Dhaka , the capital of Bangladesh . The executive government is led by the prime minister , who selects all the remaining ministers. The prime minister and the other most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet . After the resignation of Sheikh Hasina in August 2024, the current interim government is led by Dr. Muhammad Yunus . The President
1189-430: The lead up to the 2014 Bangladeshi general election , Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina vowed to crack down on the violence. The rioting, and the preceding opposition blockade, caused economic losses, with fear of escalating protests, prior to the election. The international media did not cover the execution except with brief agency reports. Very few governments reacted to the hanging. China, the world's most active user of
1230-521: The president can grant pardon to a man sentenced to death penalty or lessen the punishment. In some cases, it also performs some legislative and judicial functions. The Prime Minister is ceremonially appointed by the President, commanding the confidence of the majority of the MPs. The cabinet is composed of selected ministers . The Prime Minister exercises supreme power in Bangladesh. The executive administrates
1271-483: The protest and the demonstration culminated in the 2013 Shahbag protests . During the protests, hundreds of thousands of people held day-and-night vigils at Shahbag, refusing to leave until all those convicted of war crimes were sentenced to death. A counter-protest against the trials and general strike was launched by Jamaat-e-Islami, as most of the accused were Jamaat leaders. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) had initially expressed support for Jamaat-e-Islami,
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1312-561: The ruling. Attorney General Mahbubey Alam said that the government would decide on a new execution date as "there are no more barriers to execute Quader Mollah. There is no chance of any confusion." His lawyer, Khandaker Mahbub Hossain, added that "my client has been deprived of fair justice, but since the highest court has made the decision, we have nothing more to say." Quader Mollah was hanged in Dhaka Central Jail on 12 December 2013 at 22:01. The Bangladesh Jamaat-E-Islami called it
1353-493: The seat Faridpur-4 for Jamaat-e-Islami . Abdul Quader Mollah was born in the village of Amirabad, Faridpur , in 1948. He attended school at Amirabad Fazlul Huq Institute. He passed the H.S.C examination in 1966 and did BSc in 1968 from Rajendra College. While studying, he was elected president of the Shahidullah Hall unit of the student wing of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami – Islami Chatra Sangha. Quader Mollah worked as
1394-399: The transition to a new government. Bangladesh has instituted a unique system of transfer of power; at the end of the tenure of the government, power is handed over to members of a civil society for three months, who run the general elections and transfer the power to elected representatives. This system was first practiced in 1991 and adopted to the constitution in 1996. As head of the state,
1435-520: The verdict of a ruling asked by Bangladesh Supreme Court , the registration of the Jamaat-e-Islami was cancelled on 1 August 2013. In the 21st century, the government of Bangladesh established an International Crimes Tribunal to prosecute war crimes that were committed in 1971 during the liberation war. A formal charge was filed by the Prosecution against Abdul Quader Mollah on 18 December 2011 in
1476-410: Was convicted of five of the six charges, and acquitted on one charge as it was determined it had not been proved by the prosecution. He was sentenced to life in prison and an additional 15 years for three of the charges in addition to the time he had been imprisoned since his arrest. The one remaining charge was dismissed after it was determined the prosecution had not proved it. When the court gave him
1517-514: Was held on 7 January 2024. The recently resigned speaker is Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury , who was presiding over the tenth, eleventh and twelfth arliament. She is the first woman to have held this office. At the local government level, the country is divided into divisions , districts , subdistricts ( Upazila ), unions , and villages. The lowest level of local government representative are Local officials of union council those who are elected at
1558-453: Was not permitted to review his sentence before the Supreme Court". Human Rights Watch said that the death sentence of Abdul Quader Mollah violates fair trial standards, stating "Changing the law and applying it retroactively after a trial offends basic notions of a fair trial under international law." After the government had amended the war crimes law to allow a sentence to be appealed based on leniency of punishment, prosecutors appealed to
1599-555: Was scheduled to be executed by hanging on 11 December 2013 at 0:01. On 8 December, the International Crimes Tribunal issued an execution warrant for Molla, and delivered it to the relevant authorities. Prisons chief Main Uddin Khandaker then said that all preparations had been made and that Quader Molla's family had been asked to meet him prior to the execution. Mollah refused to ask for a presidential pardon though
1640-438: Was scheduled to be executed. Following two hours of hearings, Chief Justice Muzammel Hossain adjourned the hearing till the next day. Amongst the defence's arguments was that the state was proceeding with preparations for the execution without completing all necessary legal procedures. The appellate division of Bangladesh Supreme Court, which raised Quader Molla's life sentence to a death penalty, rejected his petition to review
1681-472: Was sentenced to life in prison. This led to the 2013 Shahbag protests that demanded capital punishment for the convicted war criminals and the disbandment of Jamaat-e-Islami. Jamaat-e-Islami started a violent counter-protest in the country, demanding the release of its convicted and accused leaders. On 17 September 2013, after an amendment to the ICT law allowing the government, complainant, or informant to appeal an order of acquittal or order of sentencing,