54-635: Mitcham is an area within the London Borough of Merton in Southwest London , England. It is centred 7.2 miles (11.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross . Originally a village in the county of Surrey , today it is mainly a residential suburb , and includes Mitcham Common . It has been a settlement throughout recorded history. Amenities include Mitcham Library and Mitcham Cricket Green . Nearby major districts are Croydon , Sutton , Streatham , Brixton and Merton . Mitcham, most broadly defined, had
108-529: A new stadium back on Plough Lane, using the former Greyhound Stadium around a hundred yards from its old stadium site and still within the London Borough of Merton. In 2018 the final agreements were signed off and demolition work started on the site (for both stadium and 600 flats) in April 2018. Building was completed for the 2020–21 season. The first competitive game in front of fans was played on 14 August 2021,
162-430: A 3–3 draw against Bolton Wanderers . The borough also has five non-League football clubs: Colliers Wood United F.C. who play at Wibbandune Sports Ground; Raynes Park Vale F.C. who play at Prince George's Fields; Tooting & Mitcham United F.C. who play at Imperial Fields, Morden; and Merton Forest F.C. who also play at Prince George's Fields and a Celebrity Fundraising Football team – Celeb FC who play all over
216-481: A football team in 1889 when Wimbledon Old Centrals were founded, and were soon a member of the local football leagues. The club later adopted the title Wimbledon FC and moved into a new stadium at Plough Lane in 1912, where it would spend the next 79 years. As the 20th century wore on, the club enjoyed considerable success in non-league football. The club was elected to the Football League in 1977 and enjoyed
270-682: A great run of success when began in 1983 with the Fourth Division title, and saw them reach the First Division in 1986 – a mere nine years after joining the Football League. They quickly established themselves in the highest division of English football, and as clear underdogs, pulled off a shock win in the 1988 FA Cup Final against Liverpool , England's most successful and dominant club side in Europe during that era. They were founder members of
324-410: A population of 63,393 in 2011, formed from six wards including Pollards Hill . Mitcham is in the east of the London Borough of Merton . Mitcham is close to Streatham , Croydon , Norbury , Morden , Sutton , Wimbledon , and Tooting . The River Wandle bounds the town to the southwest. The original village lies in the west. Mitcham Common takes up the greater part of the boundary and the area to
378-485: A pound of silver. The area lay in the Anglo-Saxon county subdivision of Wallington hundred . During her reign Queen Elizabeth I made at least five visits to the area. John Donne and Sir Walter Raleigh also had residences here in this era. It was at this time that Mitcham became gentrified, as due to the abundance of lavender fields Mitcham became renowned for its soothing air. The air also led people to settle in
432-540: A poverty rate of 14% in 2020, the 2nd lowest rate in London. It also found that the 2023 level of pay inequality in Merton is lower than in any other borough, except Kingston. According to the council's comparative assessment of wards made in 2004, the most deprived wards within the borough were in the south and east where unemployment rates, educational attainment and the quality of health were worst. The most affluent wards were in
486-630: A well on the site of the Mitcham gasplant evince Roman settlement. The Anglo-Saxon graveyard on the north bank of the Wandle is the largest discovered to date, and many of the finds therein are on display in the British Museum . Scholars such as Myres have suggested that Mitcham and other Thames plain settlements were some of the first populated by the Anglo-Saxons . What became the parish lands could have hosted
540-526: Is Phipps Bridge Estate . Further expansion of the housing estates in Eastfields, Phipps Bridge and Pollards Hill occurred after 1965. In Mitcham Cricket Green, the area lays reasonable, although not definitive, claim to having the world's oldest cricket ground in continual use, and the world's oldest club in Mitcham Cricket Club . The ground is also notable for having a road separate the pavilion from
594-775: Is a London borough in London , England . The borough was formed under the London Government Act 1963 in 1965 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Mitcham , the Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and the Merton and Morden Urban District , all formerly within Surrey . The main commercial centres in Merton are Mitcham , Morden and Wimbledon , of which Wimbledon is the largest. Other smaller centres include Raynes Park , Colliers Wood , South Wimbledon and Wimbledon Park . The borough
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#1732851192154648-499: Is an affluent area of London with a high proportion of city workers, while Mitcham and Morden is relatively deprived by comparison, which explains the geographical split of political representation of the borough at both national and local elections. Merton currently operates a Police Cadet scheme under the Metropolitan Police Service. Each year The Championships, Wimbledon , better known as simply Wimbledon, one of
702-605: Is home to a large area (460 acres) of South London's open green space in the form of Mitcham Common , studded with a few ponds and buildings. The buildings comprising the Windmill Trading Estate have existed in one form or another since 1782. The Mill House Ecology Centre and the Harvester (formerly the Mill House Pub) are located near the site of an old windmill, the remnants of which still exist. The Seven Islands pond
756-622: Is known as the Industrial Revolution and took place from the mid-18th to early 19th century. It began in Great Britain, spreading to Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and France and eventually to other areas in Europe and North America. Characteristics of this early industrialisation were technological progress, a shift from rural work to industrial labour, and financial investments in new industrial structures. Later commentators have called this
810-414: Is less able than the tertiary sector to accommodate both increased productivity and employment opportunities; more than 40% of the world's employees are " working poor ", whose incomes fail to keep themselves and their families above the $ 2-a-day poverty line . There is also a phenomenon of deindustrialisation , as in the former USSR countries' transition to market economies, and the agriculture sector
864-477: Is served by two railway stations: Mitcham Junction and Mitcham Eastfields . Mitcham Eastfields was the first suburban station to be built in 50 years in the area. Both stations are served by Govia Thameslink Railway 's Southern and Thameslink brands with trains to Sutton , Epsom , London Victoria , London Bridge (peaks only) and St Albans . Trains on the Thameslink route from Central London continue on via
918-587: Is the Wimbledon Times (recently changed name from Wimbledon Guardian). This newspaper was founded in 1977 by a former Conservative councillor on Merton Council, but since then the paper has been sold on and it is now widely published in different editions across South London. The newspaper is available free, though there is a charge if bought from a newsagent. It is published each Friday. Notable businesses with their headquarters in Merton including: London's Poverty Profile (a 2017 report by Trust for London and
972-569: Is the host of the Wimbledon tournament , one of tennis 's Grand Slam competitions. The borough derives its name from the historic parish of Merton which was centred on the area now known as South Wimbledon . The local authority is Merton London Borough Council , which is based in Morden . The area of the modern borough broadly corresponds to the four ancient parishes of Merton , Mitcham , Morden , and Wimbledon , all of which were historically in
1026-665: Is the largest of all the ponds, created following gravel extraction of the 19th century. The most recent, Bidder's pond, was created in 1990 and named after George Parker Bidder . British – 40,608, Irish – 1,840, Gypsy or Irish Traveller – 161, Other White – 12,899 White and Black Caribbean – 1,862, White and Black African – 856, White and Asian – 1,163, Other Mixed – 1,444 Indian – 4,536, Pakistani – 5,054, Bangladeshi – 1,484, Chinese – 1,169, Other Asian – 10,194 African – 9,036, Caribbean – 7,029, Other Black – 1,912 Arab – 670, Other ethnic group – 1,381 Buddhist – 862, Sikh – 252, Jewish – 147, Other Religion – 362 Mitcham
1080-449: Is the only London Borough which has tube, rail and tram services. London Underground stations Tramlink stops National Rail stations In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 19.2% of all residents aged 16–74; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 13.0%; train, 13.0%; bus, minibus or coach, 7.5%; on foot, 5.0%; work mainly at or from home, 3.4%; bicycle, 2.4%. In 2001,
1134-587: Is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society . This involves an extensive reorganisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing . Industrialisation is associated with increase of polluting industries heavily dependent on fossil fuels . With the increasing focus on sustainable development and green industrial policy practices, industrialisation increasingly includes technological leapfrogging , with direct investment in more advanced, cleaner technologies. The reorganisation of
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#17328511921541188-493: The Battle of Merton , 871, in which King Ethelred of Wessex was either mortally wounded or killed outright. The Church of England parish church of St Peter and St Paul dates from the early Kingdom of England . Mostly rebuilt in 1819–1821, the current building retains the original Saxon tower. The Domesday Book of 1086 lists Mitcham as a small farming community, an implied estimate of 250 people, living in two hamlets : Mitcham,
1242-665: The FA Premier League in 1992 and survived at that level until 2000, before relocating to Milton Keynes , some 70 miles away in Buckinghamshire , in a controversial move in 2003, being rebranded as Milton Keynes Dons in 2004. The club had left its Plough Lane stadium in 1991 to ground-share with Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park , with numerous plans to build a new stadium in a number of different locations (including back in London and even in Dublin or Cardiff ) being considered over
1296-432: The Merton and Morden Urban District . Mitcham was made an urban district in 1915, which was incorporated to become the municipal borough of Mitcham in 1934. The modern borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former boroughs of Mitcham and Wimbledon and the Merton and Morden Urban District. The area was transferred from Surrey to Greater London to become one of
1350-662: The New Policy Institute ) found that 40% of Merton's 19-year-olds lack level 3 qualifications. This is the 5th worst figure out of 32 London boroughs. Merton is served by a wide range of National Rail stations across the borough, as well as the southern tip of London Underground 's Northern line and the District line on the Wimbledon branch. The borough is also served by several Tramlink stops from Wimbledon, that goes to Croydon , New Addington , Elmers End and Beckenham . It
1404-982: The Sutton Loop Line to Sutton and Wimbledon back towards Central London. Tramlink also serves Mitcham with four stops in the area; Mitcham Junction , Mitcham , Belgrave Walk and Phipps Bridge . Trams provide a direct service to Wimbledon , Croydon , Beckenham Junction and Elmers End from Mitcham and also New Addington with a change at Croydon. Bus services operated by London Buses are available from Mitcham. These include night buses to Aldwych and Liverpool Street in central London. National Express services 028 London Victoria to Eastbourne , 025 London Victoria to Brighton and Worthing via Gatwick Airport , 026 London Victoria to Bognor Regis and A3 London Victoria to Gatwick Airport hourly shuttle all stop at Mitcham (Downe Road/Mitcham Library bus stop) London Borough of Merton The London Borough of Merton ( / ˈ m ɜːr t ə n / )
1458-474: The census recorded that 25% of the population of the borough was from an ethnic minority . The highest ethnic populations were recorded in wards in the east of the borough in Mitcham , Eastfields and Pollards Hill . The percentage of population from ethnic minorities is predicted to rise across the borough within the next decade. A report by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute found that Merton had
1512-1058: The economic communities do not consider contemporary industrialisation policies as being adequate to the global south (Third World countries) or beneficial in the longer term, with the perception that they may only create inefficient local industries unable to compete in the free-trade dominated political order which industrialisation has fostered. Environmentalism and Green politics may represent more visceral reactions to industrial growth. Nevertheless, repeated examples in history of apparently successful industrialisation (Britain, Soviet Union, South Korea, China, etc.) may make conventional industrialisation seem like an attractive or even natural path forward, especially as populations grow, consumerist expectations rise and agricultural opportunities diminish. The relationships among economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction are complex, and higher productivity can sometimes lead to static or even lower employment (see jobless recovery ). There are differences across sectors , whereby manufacturing
1566-608: The 32 London Boroughs. The name Merton for the borough was chosen as a compromise, following a dispute between Wimbledon and Mitcham over the new borough's name. Areas in the borough include: The local authority is Merton Council, based at Merton Civic Centre in Morden. Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Merton and Wandsworth constituency. A lot of filming for former ITV police drama The Bill took place in Merton, particularly in
1620-528: The First Industrial Revolution. The " Second Industrial Revolution " labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine , the invention of the internal combustion engine , the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways, and electric-power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost. Coal mines, steelworks, and textile factories replaced homes as
1674-703: The UK without charge for small UK charities. The Talkback Thames television studio on Deer Park Road was used as Sun Hill Police Station in the ITV police drama The Bill from its inception in 1984 until it was axed in 2010. The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Merton. 51°23′N 0°10′W / 51.383°N 0.167°W / 51.383; -0.167 Industrialisation Industrialisation ( UK ) or industrialization ( US )
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1728-429: The area during times of plague . When industrialisation occurred, Mitcham quickly grew to become a town and most of the farms were swallowed up in the expansion. Remnants of this farming history today include: Mitcham Common itself; Arthur's Pond on the corner of Watney's Road and Commonside East, and named for a local farmer; Alfred Mizen School (Garden Primary School), named after a local nurseryman charitable towards
1782-485: The area today being Upper Mitcham; and Whitford (Lower Green). The Domesday Book records Mitcham as Michelham . It was held partly by the Canons of Bayeux , partly by William, son of Ansculf and partly by Osbert. Its domesday assets were: 8 hides and 1 virgate . It had ½ mill worth £1, 3½ ploughs , 56 acres (23 ha) of meadow . It rendered £4 5s 4d, at a time when a pound sterling still implied something similar to
1836-441: The badge of the local football team, Tooting & Mitcham United F.C. , as well as in the name of a local council ward, Lavender Field. Mitcham was industrialised first along the banks of the Wandle, where snuff , copper , flour, iron and dye were all worked. Mitcham, along with nearby Merton Abbey , became the calico cloth printing centres of England by 1750. Asprey , suppliers of luxury goods made from various materials,
1890-404: The burgeoning town; and the road New Barnes Avenue, replacing part of New Barn(e)s Farm. Many lavender fields were in Mitcham, and peppermint and lavender oils were also distilled . In 1749 two local physic gardeners , John Potter and William Moore, founded a company to make and market toiletries made from locally grown herbs and flowers. Lavender features on Merton Council's coat of arms and
1944-461: The concept of Social class , i.e., hierarchical social status defined by an individual's economic power. It has changed the family system as most people moved into cities, with extended family living apart becoming more common. The movement into more dense urban areas from less dense agricultural areas has consequently increased the transmission of diseases. The place of women in society has shifted from primary caregivers to breadwinners, thus reducing
1998-483: The county of Surrey . The parish of Wimbledon was made a local government district in 1866. Such districts were converted into urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894 . The Wimbledon Urban District was subsequently incorporated to become the municipal borough of Wimbledon in 1905. Merton was made an urban district in 1907, which was enlarged in 1913 to take in neighbouring Morden, becoming
2052-656: The districts of Mitcham and Colliers Wood . The set of Sun Hill police station was also located in the Borough. Ray Austin, born at 9 Abbey Rd Merton on the 5 December 1932, is an English television and film director, television writer, novelist and former stunt performer and actor who worked in both the United Kingdom and the United States. He filmed episodes of The Avengers and The Saint in and around Merton. He served as director on episodes of some 150 programs between 1968 and 2010. The main local newspaper in Merton
2106-449: The donkey in summer onto Mitcham Common but keeps it fed with oats and beans as if a hunter racing horse. Mitcham appears in local variants of mildly vulgar rhymes of 18th and 19th centuries, all beginning with: One variant ends with "Mitcham for a thief", another " Ewell " which is opposite in direction. An author noted for another genre, James Edward Preston Muddock as Dick Donovan penned The Naughty Maid of Mitcham in 1910. Mitcham
2160-470: The economy has many unintended consequences both economically and socially. As industrial workers' incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth . Moreover, family structures tend to shift as extended families tend to no longer live together in one household, location or place. The first transformation from an agricultural to an industrial economy
2214-454: The following decade before the club's owners chose Milton Keynes as their destination. However, a new Wimbledon club – AFC Wimbledon – was formed to represent the local area in 2002 by fans of the original club after the move to Milton Keynes was given the go-ahead. The new Wimbledon club's progress was rapid, and after just nine years in existence they won promotion to the Football League in 2011. The club gained permission in 2016 it to build
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2268-649: The four tennis Grand Slam tournaments (along with the US , French and Australian Opens ) is held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Church Road Wimbledon . The event takes place over a fortnight at the end of June and beginning of July and is the largest annual sporting event to take place in the United Kingdom with over 200,000 visitors during the Wimbledon fortnight. The borough gained
2322-716: The most important criticisms of industrialisation is that it caused children to stay away from home for many hours and to use them as cheap workers in factories. Between the early 1960s and 1990s, the Four Asian Tigers underwent rapid industrialisation and maintained exceptionally high growth rates. As of 2018 the international development community ( World Bank , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) , many United Nations departments, FAO WHO ILO and UNESCO , endorses development policies like water purification or primary education and co-operation amongst third world communities . Some members of
2376-458: The north and west of the borough. Comparative crime rates appear to be unrelated to the deprivation ranking of wards. The wards containing Mitcham town centre and the St Helier Estate are ranked highest for crime within Merton with the wards containing the commercial shopping centres of Colliers Wood and Wimbledon also featuring high in the ranking. The constituency area of Wimbledon
2430-546: The number of children per household. Furthermore, industrialisation contributed to increased cases of child labour and thereafter education systems. As the Industrial Revolution was a shift from the agrarian society, people migrated from villages in search of jobs to places where factories were established. This shifting of rural people led to urbanisation and an increase in the population of towns. The concentration of labour in factories has increased urbanisation and
2484-451: The pitch. Local folklore claims Mitcham has the oldest fair in England, believing it to have been granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth I, a claim never proven. Nimrod , sporting writer of the early 19th century, advocated against the grazing on grass of racehorses. He finds a very fast donkey chaise, investigates the donkey's owner and finds it is a Mitcham blacksmith, who never turns out
2538-455: The place of work. By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world. There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development. The Industrial Revolution was accompanied by significant changes in the social structure, the main change being a transition from farm work to factory-related activities. This has resulted in
2592-490: The poor from inner London. This industry made Mitcham a target for German bombing during World War II . During this time Mitcham also returned to its agricultural roots, with Mitcham Common being farmed to help with the war effort. From 1929 the electronics company Mullard had a factory on New Road. Postwar, the areas of Eastfields , Phipps Bridge and Pollards Hill were rebuilt to provide cheaper more affordable housing. The largest council housing project in Mitcham
2646-399: The railway in the 1840s also heralded a change in industry, as horticulture gradually gave way to manufacturing , with paint , varnish , linoleum and firework manufacturers moving into the area. The work provided and migratory patterns eventually resulted in a doubling of the population between the years 1900 and 1910. In 1829 Miss Mary Tate donated land and money to build almshouses on
2700-508: The site of the former Tate family home in Cricket Green. The buildings were designed in a Tudor style by John Butcher and established to accommodate twelve poor widows or spinsters of the parish. Miss Tate was the only surviving member of the Tate family, who had lived from about 1700 in a large mansion on the site of the almshouses. The gardens at the rear of the property were originally provided for
2754-579: The size of settlements, to serve and house the factory workers. Family structure changes with industrialisation. Sociologist Talcott Parsons noted that in pre-industrial societies there is an extended family structure spanning many generations who probably remained in the same location for generations. In industrialised societies the nuclear family , consisting of only parents and their growing children, predominates. Families and children reaching adulthood are more mobile and tend to relocate to where jobs exist. Extended family bonds become more tenuous. One of
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#17328511921542808-626: The south part of the CR4 postcode is in the area of Pollards Hill . Some of the area which includes Mitcham Common and parts of Mitcham Junction are in the CR0 postcode area. The toponym "Mitcham" is Old English in origin and means big settlement . Before the Romans and Saxons were present, it was a Celtic settlement, with evidence of a hill fort in the Pollards Hill area. The discovery of Roman-era graves and
2862-509: The use of residents, but later informally rented out as allotments. Mitcham became a borough, within a two-tier council system, on 19 September 1934 with the charter of incorporation being presented to the 84-year-old mayor, R.M. Chart, by the Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, Lord Ashcombe . Social housing schemes in the 1930s included New Close, aimed at housing people made homeless by a factory explosion in 1933 and Sunshine Way , for housing
2916-569: Was founded in Mitcham as a silk -printing business in 1781. William Morris opened a factory on the River Wandle at Merton Abbey. Merton Abbey Mills were the Liberty silk-printing works. It is now a craft village and its waterwheel has been preserved. Activity along the Wandle led to the building of the Surrey Iron Railway , the world's first public railway, in 1803. The decline and failure of
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