33-620: Chakar Khan Rind (1468–1565) ( Balochi : میر چاکَر خان رِند) was a Baloch chieftain who founded the Second Baloch Confederacy (1487–1512). He also aided Mughal Emperor Humayun in his reconquest of the Subcontinent . He is considered a folk hero of the Baloch people and an important figure in the Baloch epic Hani and Sheh Mureed . According to Baloch history, Mir Chakar Rind
66-531: A professional setting and by educated folk. The following Latin-based alphabet was adopted by the International Workshop on "Balochi Roman Orthography" (University of Uppsala, Sweden, 28–30 May 2000). a á b c d ď e f g ĝ h i í j k l m n o p q r ř s š t ť u ú v w x y z ž ay aw (33 letters and 2 digraphs) In 1933, the Soviet Union adopted a Latin-based alphabet for Balochi as follows: The alphabet
99-716: A tomb for his body. Noori Naseer Khan of Kalat and Meer Chakar are both Baloch heroes. According to Tarikh - i -Farishtah ' , Mir Chákar Rind was a holder of big jāgir and commanded hordes of warriors in the Punjab. Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi in E.D., iv 389-397 gives - Chakur Rind correctly. Mansel Longworth Dames The fact that Chakar Rind was powerful is also described by Munshi ( Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh ), Nihavandi and Tabakat-i Akbari . Following two institutions, one in Balochistan and other in Punjab, are named after him: Balochi language Balochi ( بلۏچی , romanized: Balòci )
132-521: Is subject–object–verb . Like many other Indo-Iranian languages, Balochi also features split ergativity . The subject is marked as nominative except for the past tense constructions where the subject of a transitive verb is marked as oblique and the verb agrees with the object . Balochi, like many Western Iranian languages, has lost the Old Iranian gender distinctions. Much of the Balochi number system
165-731: Is a Northwestern Iranian language , spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan , Iran and Afghanistan . In addition, there are speakers in Oman , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , Turkmenistan , East Africa and in diaspora communities in other parts of the world. The total number of speakers, according to Ethnologue , is 8.8 million. Of these, 6.28 million are in Pakistan. According to Brian Spooner , Literacy for most Baloch-speakers
198-464: Is descendant of Rind Khan , the son of the founder of Baloch Jalal Khan . Mir Chakar Rind's hometown was Mand , Balochistan . His descendants moved to different parts of the region and the Middle East. They often add Rind as a suffix to their name. Mir Chakar became the head of Rind tribe at the age of 18 after the death of his father Mir Shehaq Rind. Mir Chakar's fiefdom was short-lived because of
231-539: Is identical to Persian . According to Mansel Longworth Dames , Balochi writes the first twelve numbers as follows: Balochi was not a written language before the 19th century, and the Persian script was used to write Balochi wherever necessary. However, Balochi was still spoken at the Baloch courts. British colonial officers first wrote Balochi with the Latin script. Following the creation of Pakistan, Baloch scholars adopted
264-585: Is not in Balochi, but in Urdu in Pakistan and Persian in Afghanistan and Iran. Even now very few Baloch read Balochi, in any of the countries, even though the alphabet in which it is printed is essentially identical to Persian and Urdu. Balochi belongs to the Western Iranian subgroup, and its original homeland is suggested to be around the central Caspian region. Balochi is an Indo-European language , spoken by
297-424: Is noted that the stop and glide consonants may also occur as aspirated allophones in word initial position as [pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ] and [wʱ] . Allophones of stops in postvocalic position include for voiceless stops, [f θ x] and for voiced stops [β ð ɣ] . /n l/ are also dentalized as [n̪ l̪] . Difference between a question and a statement is marked with the tone, when there is no question word. Rising tone marks
330-573: Is one of the most significant sourcebooks. The writer of the book provides a clear picture of Sher Shah taking over Bengal and how Bengal lost its independence. Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah was the sultan of Bengal from 1533 to 1538. Shah succeeded his father and brother and became the sultan of Bengal. He inherited an enormous kingdom and a well-decorated administration. The sagacity and intelligence of Sher Shah made it possible to overthrow Ghiasuddin Mahmud Shah from power and take control of Bengal. Sher Shah
363-454: Is still used very frequently. آ، ا، ب، پ، ت، ٹ، ج، چ، د، ڈ، ر، ز، ژ، س، ش، ک، گ، ل، م، ن، و، ھ ہ، ء، ی ے The Balochi Standard Alphabet , standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 29 letters. It is an extension of the Perso-Arabic script and borrows a few glyphs from Urdu . It is also sometimes referred to as Balo-Rabi or Balòrabi. Today, it is the preferred script to use in
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#1732851358680396-498: Is still written in a modified Arabic script based on Persian . In 2002, a conference was held to help standardize the script that would be used for Balochi. The following alphabet was used by Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi in his lexicon of Balochi Sayad Ganj ( سید گنج ) (lit. Sayad's Treasure ). Until the creation of the Balochi Standard Alphabet , it was by far the most widely used alphabet for writing Balochi, and
429-553: Is used to denote nasalization of the preceding vowel . In addition, /f/ occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. /x/ (voiceless velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /χ/ (voiceless uvular fricative) in Western Balochi; and /ɣ/ (voiced velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /ʁ/ (voiced uvular fricative) in Western Balochi. In Eastern Balochi, it
462-528: The Baloch and belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the family. As an Iranian language , it is classified in the Northwestern group . Glottolog classifies four different varieties, namely Koroshi , Southern Balochi and Western Balochi (grouped under a "Southern-Western Balochi" branch), and Eastern Balochi, all under the "Balochic" group. ISO 639-3 groups Southern, Eastern, and Western Baloch under
495-700: The Persian alphabet . The first collection of poetry in Balochi, Gulbang by Mir Gul Khan Nasir was published in 1951 and incorporated the Arabic Script . It was much later that Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashemi wrote a comprehensive guidance on the usage of Arabic script and standardized it as the Balochi Orthography in Pakistan and Iran. This earned him the title of the 'Father of Balochi'. His guidelines are widely used in Eastern and Western Balochistan. In Afghanistan, Balochi
528-526: The Tarik-i Sher Shahi using his own local Indo-Afghan cultural style, not in the style and language of standard Persian . The history of medieval India has benefited greatly from this compilation, thanks to the efforts of K. Qanungo, H. Haig, A. Rahim and I. Siddiqui. Abbas Khan Sarwani selected Tuhfah-i-Akbar Shahi as the title of his book and it was an elaborate history of the Lodi and Sur sultans. On
561-599: The Balochi macrolanguage, keeping Koroshi separate. Balochi, somehow near similarity with the Parthian and on the other hand, it has near kinship to the Avestan . There are two main dialects: the dialect of the Mandwani (northern) tribes and the dialect of the Domki (southern) tribes. The dialectal differences are not very significant. One difference is that grammatical terminations in
594-652: The Multan king said that from then on he would be his left hand. Mir Chakar became angry and planned to attack Mir Doda. In the battle, Mir Doda was badly defeated and his people and army moved to Sindh and never came back. Near the desert of Sanghar he built 100 houses for his relatives to live in, and he named the place Sokar which is now part of Taunsa. This place is still located near the Sanghar desert in Tehsil Taunsa, Dera Ghazi Khan District. Mir Malagh Khan also lived there as he
627-608: The command of his son, Mir Shahdad Khan, his forces instead joined the Mughal army of Emperor Humayun in 1555 after a long exile in Persia. Emperor Humayun came back, recaptured Delhi, and ousted the Suri dynasty in 1556. As a reward, Emperor Humayun conferred a vast Jagir (lands), including horses and slaves, to Mir Chakar. He ruled this territory until he died in 1565. People who accompanied Mir Chakar to Satghara after leaving Balochistan constructed
660-542: The great civil war between the Lashari and Rind tribes of Balochistan . Mir Chakar as head of his tribe went to war, which resulted in thousands dying. The war and the gallantry of the two tribes' leaders continues to be a part of the Baloch history. After the "Thirty Years' War" against the Lashari Tribe. Mir Chakar was a very brave man who desired to make the Baloch nation powerful. When Mir Chakar left Dhadar , his next stop
693-560: The introduction of new political and administrative institutions and policies. Sarwani was an Afghan himself but the tribal rivalry and jealousy of the Afghan leaders were known to him. He held these reasons responsible for Afghan misfortune and defeat against the Mughals . Sarwani wrote the Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi in 1586 AD. For the restoration of Bengal ’s history, the Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi
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#1732851358680726-517: The long vowels. The variety spoken in Karachi also has nasalized vowels, most importantly /ẽː/ and /ãː/ . In addition to these eight vowels, Balochi has two vowel glides, that is /aw/ and /ay/. The following table shows consonants which are common to both Western (Northern) and Southern Balochi. The consonants /s/, /z/, /n/, /ɾ/ and /l/ are articulated as alveolar in Western Balochi. The plosives /t/ and /d/ are dental in both dialects. The symbol ń
759-672: The northern dialect are less distinct compared with those in the southern tribes. An isolated dialect is Koroshi , which is spoken in the Qashqai tribal confederation in the Fars province . Koroshi distinguishes itself in grammar and lexicon among Balochi varieties. The Balochi Academy Sarbaz has designed a standard alphabet for Balochi. The Balochi vowel system has at least eight vowels: five long and three short . These are /aː/ , /eː/ , /iː/ , /oː/ , /uː/ , /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . The short vowels have more centralized phonetic quality than
792-463: The other hand, Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi was actually the first chapter of the book, only this part of the work is found at present. The writer of the Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi had marriage relations with Sher Shah, also he had contact with the acquaintances whose fathers worked for Sher Shah and his son Islam Shah . A number of persons who had served in the government of the Afghan rulers in high rank were mentioned as
825-458: The question and falling tone the statement. Statements and questions with a question word are characterized by falling intonation at the end of the sentence. Questions without a question word are characterized by rising intonation at the end of the sentence. Both coordinate and subordinate clauses that precede the final clause in the sentence have rising intonation. The final clause in the sentence has falling intonation. The normal word order
858-566: The script fell out of use. Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi The Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi ( lit. ' History of Sher Shah ' ) is a historical work dated 1580 CE which was compiled by Abbas Khan Sarwani , a waqia-navis under Mughal Emperor Akbar , detailing the rule of Sher Shah Suri , founder of the Suri Empire . The work was commissioned by Akbar to provide detailed documentation about Sher Shah's administration - Akbar's father Humayun had been defeated by Sher Shah. Abbas wrote
891-469: The sources of Sarwani. The book also includes brief biographies of those contemporary persons who are mentioned. Under the Mughal emperor Akbar, Abbas Khan Sarwani was in charge of utilizing court documents, he was also in charge of the Mughal emperor’s library and private collection of books. In spite of serving as a Mughal emperor and being a government servant, Sarwani idealized Sher Shah and praised him for
924-560: Was Sanghar Desert, in Taunsa , Dera Ghazi Khan . He ruled the Sanghar area for many years until Mir Doda Khan arrived with his army. Although Mir Chakar had defeated Mir Doda once previously, Mir Doda's army defeated Mir Chakar in the desert of Sanghar. Mir Chakar and his army left Sanghar and moved to the Multan area where he shook hands with the Multan king. On the other side, Shehmureed had gone to Arabia . After Shehmureed, one of his best fighters
957-403: Was Mir Malagh Khan Rind. It is said that Mir Malagh Khan's sword weighed 75 kg (165 lb). No one but Mir Malagh could handle it. Mir Qaiser Khan, Mir Sanjar Khan and Mir Mandar Khan were some of Mir Chakar's best fighters. Mir Chakar and the Multan king then planned to conquer Delhi . The Multan king asked for Mir Chakar's help, and he gave him his best fighters. The Lashkar (campaign)
990-586: Was led by Mir Malagh Khan and Mir Qaiser Khan, who went and they conquered Delhi. After this, the Delhi king purportedly said, "There was not a single nail uncovered of the Baloch. Their head could reach the glaring sun. They were united; they were brave!" On the other side, Mir Doda was gaining power. His grandsons Mir Ghazi Khan and Mir Ismail Khan were his best fighters. The Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Ismail Khan districts of Pakistan are named after these two. The Multan king invited Mir Doda to dinner. When Mir Doda came,
1023-470: Was the best fighter of Mir Chakar. Malghani Balochs are the descendants of this great man. Now Sokar and hassanabad(larra) is the hometown of Malghani Baloch Tribe. Mir Chakar then settled in Satghara , Okara and gained power and respect in the area. Sher Shah Suri sent a message to Mir Chakar to unite with him and consolidate his gains. Mir Chakar appreciated the offer but refused to help Sher Shah Suri. Under
Mir Chakar Rind - Misplaced Pages Continue
1056-514: Was used for several texts, including children's books, newspapers, and ideological works. In 1938, however, the official use of Balochi was discontinued. In 1989, Mammad Sherdil, a teacher from the Turkmen SSR , approached Balochi language researcher Sergei Axenov with the idea of creating a Cyrillic -based alphabet for Balochi. Before this, the Cyrillic script was already used for writing Balochi and
1089-399: Was used in several publications but the alphabet was not standardized. In 1990, the alphabet was finished. It included the following letters: The project was approved with some minor changes ( қ , ꝑ , and ы were removed due to the rarity of those sounds in Balochi, and о̄ was added). From 1992 to 1993, several primary school textbooks were printed in this script. In the early 2000s,
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