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26-567: Miguel was regent for his niece Queen Maria II of Portugal , and potential royal consort. However, he claimed the Portuguese throne in his own right on the grounds that the "Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom" deprived his elder brother Pedro IV of his right to reign (and of any right of Pedro's daughter to inherit the kingdom from her father) when Pedro became sovereign of the former Portuguese colony of Brazil and launched war on Portugal to oust Miguel as

52-511: A bupati , the head of a kabupaten (second level local government). In Malaysia , a pemangku raja is the interim ruler of a Malay state if its king is elected to be the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for the usual five-year term, or is unable to assume their role. For example, Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah , became Regent of Pahang after his father, Abdullah of Pahang was elected Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVI in 2019. Currently, Tunku Ismail

78-569: A fairly long interregnum. During this period, the Roman Catholic primate (the Archbishop of Gniezno ) served as the regent, and was called interrex (Latin: ruler 'between kings' as in Ancient Rome ). In the small republic of San Marino , the two Captains Regent ( Capitani Reggenti ) are both elected for a six-month term as joint heads of state . Famous regency periods include that of

104-468: A state’s ruler. The term may be used in the governance of organisations, typically as an equivalent of "director", and held by all members of a governing board rather than just the equivalent of the chief executive. In the Society of Jesus , a regent is an individual training to be a Jesuit and who has completed his novitiate and philosophy studies but has not yet progressed to theology studies. A regent among

130-479: A usurper. This overall led to a political crisis, during which many people were killed, imprisoned, persecuted or sent into exile, culminating in the Portuguese Liberal Wars between authoritarian Miguelists (led by Miguel) and progressive Constitutionalists (led by Pedro). In the end, Miguel was forced from the throne and lived the last 32 years of his life in exile. Miguelism is based not only on

156-495: A variety of life management tasks, including running errands, arranging travel (e.g., travel agent services such as purchasing airline tickets, reserving hotel rooms and rental cars, and arranging activities, as well as handling more localized services such as recommending a different route to work based on road or travel conditions), finance (paying bills, buying and selling stocks), and shopping (meal planning, remembering special occasions like birthdays). An Assistant often acts as

182-639: Is Regent of Johor when his father, Ibrahim Iskandar was elected as current Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 2024. In the Philippines  – specifically, the University of Santo Tomas  – the Father Regent, who must be a Dominican priest and is often also a teacher, serves as the institution's spiritual head. They also form the Council of Regents that serves as the highest administrative body of

208-504: Is a subspecialty of secretarial duties. An assistant helps with time and daily management, of meetings, correspondence, and note-taking. The role of a personal assistant can be varied, such as answering phone calls, taking notes, scheduling meetings, emailing, texts, etc. In business or personal contexts, assistants are people who provide services that relieve his or her employer from the stress of tasks that are associated with managing one's personal and/or business life. They assist with

234-663: Is also used as a period label for many aspects of French history, as Régence in French, again tending to cover a rather wider period than the actual regency. In the 16th century, Queen Catherine de Medici 's acts as regent caused her to become arguably the most important woman in Europe, giving her name to an age. The equivalent Greek term is epitropos ( επίτροπος ), meaning overseer. As of 2024, Liechtenstein (under Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein ) and Luxembourg (under Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg ) are

260-460: Is charged with serving as custodian until a successor is crowned. The use of a regency is also common in Southwestern states, predominantly Ondo and Ekiti . Personal assistant A personal assistant , also referred to as personal aide ( PA ) or personal secretary ( PS ), is a job title describing a person who assists a specific person with their daily business or personal task. It

286-473: Is the official title of a teacher in a lower secondary school ( junior high school ), who does not require a college degree but is trained in a specialized école normale ( normal school ). In the former Dutch East Indies , a regent was a native prince allowed to rule de facto colonized 'state' as a regentschap . Consequently, in the successor state of Indonesia , the term regent is used in English to mean

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312-462: Is therefore descended from both of the feuding brothers Pedro IV of Portugal and Miguel I of Portugal . Regent Philosophers Works In a monarchy , a regent (from Latin regens  'ruling, governing') is a person appointed to govern a state pro tempore ( Latin for 'for the time being') because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or

338-771: The Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York , the appointed members of which are titled regents. The term "regent" is also used for members of governing bodies of institutions such as the national banks of France and Belgium . In the Dutch Republic , the members of the ruling class, not formally hereditary but forming a de facto patrician class, were informally known collectively as regenten (the Dutch plural for regent ) because they typically held positions as "regent" on

364-414: The throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been determined. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency . A regent or regency council may be formed ad hoc or in accordance with a constitutional rule. Regent is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or personal assistant . If the regent is holding the position due to their being in the line of succession ,

390-506: The Jesuits is often assigned to teach in schools or some other academic institution. Some university managers in North America are called regents, and a management board for a college or university may be titled the " Board of Regents ". In New York State , all activities related to public and private education ( P-12 and postsecondary ) and professional licensure are administered by

416-542: The Prince Regent, later George IV of the United Kingdom , giving rise to many terms such as Regency era and Regency architecture . Strictly, this period lasted from 1811 to 1820, when his father George III was insane, though when used as a period label it generally covers a wider period. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans was Regent of France from the death of Louis XIV in 1715 until Louis XV came of age in 1723; this

442-656: The boards of town councils, as well as charitable and civic institutions. The regents group portrait , regentenstuk or regentessenstuk for female boards in Dutch , literally "regents' piece", is a group portrait of the board of trustees, called regents or regentesses, of a charitable organization or guild . This type of group portrait was popular in Dutch Golden Age painting during the 17th and 18th centuries. Again in Belgium and France ( régent in French, or in Dutch), "regent"

468-433: The compound term prince regent is often used; if the regent of a minor is their mother, and she is wife or widow of the king, she would be referred to as queen regent . If the formally appointed regent is unavailable or cannot serve on a temporary basis, a regent ad interim may be appointed to fill the gap. In a monarchy, a regent usually governs due to one of these reasons, but may also be elected to rule during

494-406: The manager's first point of contact with people from both inside and outside the organization. This means that his/her tasks and skills can often be divided into two fields: technical skills, and personal skills. Tasks may include but are not limited to: In addition to supporting managers, their team and departments, many PA's also have their own personal workload and responsibilities. The scope of

520-461: The only countries with active regencies. In 2016, Prem Tinsulanonda became the oldest regent of any nation, at the age of 96. He became the regent for Rama X of Thailand , who chose not to formally accede to the throne until the end of the mourning period for his father . Previously, this record was held by Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria , who was 91 at the end of his regency. The term “regent” may also refer to positions lower than that of

546-593: The period when the royal line has died out. This was the case in the Kingdom of Finland and the Kingdom of Hungary , where the royal line was considered extinct in the aftermath of World War I . In Iceland , the regent represented the King of Denmark as sovereign of Iceland until the country became a republic in 1944. In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), kings were elective , which often led to

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572-678: The premise that Miguel and his line have legitimate right to the Portuguese throne, but also on defense of the traditional principles of a conservative monarchy based in Catholic values and in the power of the king above the Constitution, in contrast to the Enlightenment values. King Miguel I was exiled following the Convention of Evora-Monte (1834), which put an end to the Liberal Wars . The throne

598-701: The rightful Queen of Portugal . On the family tree below, the Miguelist branch is clearly identified on the right-hand side while the Liberal Branch from Maria II is on the left with the Brazilian Imperial branch descending from her brother Pedro II in the middle. In 1942 the Miguelist pretender Duarte Nuno of Braganza married Maria Francisca de Orléans e Bragança , a great-granddaughter of Pedro II of Brazil . The current pretender Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza ,

624-480: The sole Braganza representative when King Manuel II of Portugal (the last male Braganza from the senior liberal branch) died without issue, leaving his Miguelist cousin Duarte Nuno as his closest legitimate Portuguese relative. Also Maria Pia of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Braganza , who claimed to be the illegitimate daughter of King Carlos I of Portugal , claimed the right to the titles of Duchess of Braganza and to be

650-594: The university. In Eswatini , where succession to the throne is not immediate, the Ndlovukati (similar to a queen mother ) rules as regent until the new king is determined. In Lagos, Nigeria , the subnational Erelu Kuti rules the kingdom as regent whenever there is no Oba of Lagos . Much like in Eswatini, succession to the throne of Lagos is not immediate, and the Erelu Kuti (a high ranking functionary in her own right)

676-666: Was retaken by his niece, Queen Maria II, and a liberal regime was installed. In exile, the former king married a wealthy Bavarian princess, Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg . This marriage was the origin of the new Miguelist branch of the Braganzas and their descendants include not only the current claimant to the Portuguese crown, as well as the monarchs of Belgium , Luxembourg , Liechtenstein , and other claimants to former European monarchies (Habsburg, Habsburg-Este, Savoy, Wittelsbach, Bourbon-Parma, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Karađorđević ). Finally, this Miguelist branch became

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