21-455: Hoplopterus cinereus (Blyth, 1842) Microsarcops cinereus (Blyth, 1842) Pluvianus cinereus Blyth, 1842 The grey-headed lapwing ( Vanellus cinereus ) is a lapwing species which breeds in northeast China and Japan . The mainland population winters in northern Southeast Asia from northeastern India to Cambodia . The Japanese population winters, at least partially, in southern Honshū . This species has occurred as
42-540: A crustacean with their bill, though it is unclear if they eat them. Notable prey for the pied plover are scorpions, which was documented in Brazil. Their displays consist of flying in the air in an undulatory pattern as they call. While on the ground, they stand facing each other with their wings spread. Generally, pied plovers mate between May and July and lay their eggs in July, though this varies by region. Pied plovers nest on
63-412: A bird part of the subfamily Charadriinae. Most recently, it has been moved to the subfamily Vanellinae , which are the lapwings. The pied plover is still referred to as a plover because it physically resembles that group of birds in shape and size. However, based on taxonomy, it is more correct to refer to it as a lapwing. The pied plover belongs to the order Charadriiformes known as the shorebirds. It
84-435: A black and white pattern, buff on its back and wings, and white on its abdomen. Its eyes are encircled with bright red eye-rings . It has a prominent black V on its upper back and has long, red legs. It is a medium-sized bird like most of the species in the family Charadriidae, measuring around 22 centimeters. There is no sexual dimorphism in this species; both males and females look the same. Juveniles look similar, with
105-473: A selection of true lapwings and plovers would also give a good idea of charadriid wader evolution altogether. A mid- Oligocene – c.28 mya ( million years ago ) – fossil from Rupelmonde in Belgium has been assigned to Vanellus , but even if the genus were broadly defined, it is entirely unclear if the placement is correct. Its age ties in with the appearance of the first seemingly distinct Charadriinae at about
126-496: A shrill, wailing cry. The traditional terms "plover", "lapwing", and "dotterel" do not correspond exactly to current taxonomic models; thus, several of the Vanellinae are often called plovers, and one a dotterel, while a few of the "true" plovers (subfamily Charadriinae ) are known colloquially as lapwings. In general, a lapwing can be thought of as a larger plover. In Europe's Anglophone countries, lapwing refers specifically to
147-661: A vagrant in Russia , the Philippines , Indonesia , New South Wales , Australia and Sri Lanka , as well as Sweden and England . The grey-headed lapwing is 34–37 cm long. It has a grey head and neck, darker grey breast band and white belly. The back is brown, the rump is white and the tail is black. This is a striking species in flight, with black primaries, white under wings and upper wing secondaries, and brown upper wing coverts. Adults of both sexes are similarly plumaged, but males are slightly larger than females. Young birds have
168-510: Is known about the pied plover’s behavior. Conflicting behavior has been reported. At Serra da Capivara National Park in Brazil, they have been observed to flock only with members of their own species, not mixing with other waders along the shores. However, pied plovers at Tambopata Reserve in Peru were seen alone or in pairs, not flocking together. Not much is known about their diet. They mainly eat insects and snails but have been seen holding on to
189-448: Is placed within the family Charadriidae and is the only species placed in the genus Hoploxypterus that was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte . The pied plover was formerly placed in the genus Vanellus but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that it is not closely related to the other lapwings. The pied plover is a strongly marked bird with
210-742: The Late Pleistocene . Little is known of this rather large lapwing; it may actually belong in Vanellus . The remaining Charadrii are highset and/or chunky birds, even decidedly larger than a lot of the scolopacid waders . The evolutionary trend regarding the Charadriidae – which make up most of the diversity of the Charadrii – thus runs contrary to Cope's Rule . Genus Vanellus Genus Hoploxypterus Genus Erythrogonys Pied plover The pied plover ( Hoploxypterus cayanus ), also known as
231-535: The Quaternary . The Early Oligocene fossil Dolicopterus from Ronzon, France may be such an ancestral member of the Charadriidae or even the Vanellinae, but it has not been studied in recent decades and is in dire need of review. Apart from the prehistoric Vanellus , the extinct lapwing genus Viator has been described from fossils. Its remains were found in the tar pits of Talara in Peru and it lived in
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#1733115959487252-460: The northern lapwing , the only member of this group to occur in most of the continent and thus the first bird to go by the English name lapwing (also known as peewit or pyewipe ). In the fanciful taxonomy promoted by medieval courtesy books , a group of lapwings was called a "deceit". While authorities generally agree that there are approximately 25 species of Vanellinae, classifications within
273-447: The pied lapwing , is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae . It is a bird of least concern according to the IUCN and can be found in northern South America. The species name cayanus refers to Cayenne , the capital of French Guiana, where the pied plover can be found. There is confusion around its common name. Historically, the pied plover was considered to be a plover , which is
294-513: The Vanellinae is scant and mostly recent in origin; no Neogene lapwings seem to be known. On the other hand, it appears as if early in their evolutionary history the plovers, lapwings and dotterels must have been almost one and the same, and they are hard to distinguish osteologically even today. Thus, since the Red-kneed Dotterel is so distinct that it might arguably be considered a monotypic subfamily, reliably dating its divergence from
315-410: The exception of them being more buff and the presence of buff eye-rings instead of red ones. Pied plovers are a quiet species, not calling very often. Their call sounds like “kee-oo”, with the second part lower in pitch. When flying during their display , their call resembles repeated “klee” sounds. Pied plovers live along the shores of lakes and rivers where there is sand and mud. They reside in
336-431: The living Vanellinae or just immediately outside it thus means that their last common ancestor – or even the last common ancestor of plovers and lapwings – almost certainly was a plover-sized bird with a black crown and breast-band, a white feather patch at the wrist, no hallux, and a lipochromic (probably red) bill with a black tip. Its legs were most likely black or the color of the bill's base. The fossil record of
357-413: The missing hallux (hind toe) are like those of lapwings: it is still not entirely clear whether it is better considered the most basal plover or lapwing. The IOC also recognizes a monotypic genus Hoploxypterus for the pied plover . Many coloration details of the red-kneed dotterel also occur here and there among the living members of the main lapwing clade . Its position as the most basal of
378-498: The northern part of South America with their range covering Brazil , Bolivia , Paraguay , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , and French Guiana . Not much is known about its movements, but the pied plover seems to change habitat during different parts of the year. It has been observed to move as high as 2600 meters in altitude in Bolivia, possibly due to the wet season pushing it to higher ground. Little
399-544: The same time, and with the presence of more basal Charadriidae a few million years earlier. However, the assignment of fragmentary fossils to Charadriinae or Vanellinae is not easy. Thus, it is very likely that the charadriid waders originate around the Eocene -Oligocene boundary – roughly 40–30 mya – but nothing more can be said at present. If the Belgian fossil is not a true lapwing, there are actually no Vanellinae fossils known before
420-545: The subfamily remain confused. Some workers have gone so far as to group all the "true" lapwings (except the red-kneed dotterel ) into the single genus Vanellus . Current consensus favors a more moderate position, but it is unclear which genera to split. The Handbook of Birds of the World provisionally places all Vanellinae in Vanellus except the red-kneed dotterel, which is in the monotypic Erythrogonys . Its plesiomorphic habitus resembles that of plovers , but details like
441-754: The white areas of plumage tinged with grey, a less distinct breast band, and pale fringes to the upperpart and wing covert feathers. The call of the grey-headed lapwing is a sharp chee-it . This species nests from April to July in wet grassland, rice fields and marshland edges. It winters in similar habitat and is then gregarious. It feeds in shallow water on insects , worms and molluscs . Lapwing Erythrogonys Vanellus Hoploxypterus and see text Lapwings ( subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds ( family Charadriidae ) akin to plovers and dotterels . They range from 10 to 16 inches (25 to 41 cm) in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and
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