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68-655: In 1983, Micromania is founded by Albert Loridan as a mail order company, specialized in video games. In 1987, Micromania opened its first outlet in Printemps Haussmann in Paris . In 1989, Micromania opened its first store at the Forum des Halles in Paris. In 2008, it was purchased by GameStop for approximately US$ 700 million (€480 million) in cash. In 2013, Micromania purchased 44 Game's stores. In 2014, Pierre Cuilleret leaved

136-478: A power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant , is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power . Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid . Many power stations contain one or more generators , rotating machine that converts mechanical power into three-phase electric power . The relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor creates an electric current . The energy source harnessed to turn

204-521: A Beijing store in 1997. Printemps spent $ 40 million to renovate the flagship Haussmann store in 1997 the renovation redesigned the entire store and also added TV screens and music listening stations around the store whilst also refreshing the brands that the store stocked. A franchise in Ratu Plaza , Jakarta which was supposed to open in 1998 was under construction but due to the Asian financial crisis and

272-526: A common frequency, were developed. The same generating plant that fed large industrial loads during the day, could feed commuter railway systems during rush hour and then serve lighting load in the evening, thus improving the system load factor and reducing the cost of electrical energy overall. Many exceptions existed, generating stations were dedicated to power or light by the choice of frequency, and rotating frequency changers and rotating converters were particularly common to feed electric railway systems from

340-648: A complaint from labour representatives. On 8 August the French court rejected the request to stop the sale. Also in 2013 the Beijing-based Wangfujing Department Store which was a rival of Printemps in China acquired Printemps China (PCD Stores). On 15 January 2014, Printemps opened its first new store in 32 years at the Carrousel du Louvre shopping mall in Paris. The store closed in 2023. In 2017

408-495: A hydroelectric power station was designed and built by William, Lord Armstrong at Cragside , England . It used water from lakes on his estate to power Siemens dynamos . The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, produced hot water, ran an elevator as well as labor-saving devices and farm buildings. In January 1882 the world's first public coal-fired power station , the Edison Electric Light Station ,

476-425: A hydroelectric power station water flows through turbines using hydropower to generate hydroelectricity . Power is captured from the gravitational force of water falling through penstocks to water turbines connected to generators . The amount of power available is a combination of height and water flow. A wide range of Dams may be built to raise the water level, and create a lake for storing water . Hydropower

544-403: A lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. Because the pumping takes place "off peak", electricity is less valuable than at peak times. This less valuable "spare" electricity comes from uncontrolled wind power and base load power plants such as coal, nuclear and geothermal, which still produce power at night even though demand is very low. During daytime peak demand, when electricity prices are high,

612-406: A material that enhances the mixing of the upflowing air and the down-flowing water. In areas with restricted water use, a dry cooling tower or directly air-cooled radiators may be necessary, since the cost or environmental consequences of obtaining make-up water for evaporative cooling would be prohibitive. These coolers have lower efficiency and higher energy consumption to drive fans, compared to

680-569: A pipe containing a heat transfer fluid, such as oil. The heated oil is then used to boil water into steam, which turns a turbine that drives an electrical generator. The central tower type of solar thermal power plant uses hundreds or thousands of mirrors, depending on size, to direct sunlight onto a receiver on top of a tower. The heat is used to produce steam to turn turbines that drive electrical generators. Wind turbines can be used to generate electricity in areas with strong, steady winds, sometimes offshore . Many different designs have been used in

748-525: A position he held again in from 1937 to 1938 and 1952 to 1953. Jean Vignéras held the position from 1962 to 1963 and Jean-Jacques Delort was president from 1981 to 1982. In the 1930 a store opened in Antananarivo , Madagascar , the store was later converted into a Prisunic. In 1931, Printemps created the discount chain Prisunic . In 1939 to avoid the risk of the cupola being destroyed in bombing attacks it

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816-402: A power plant is to combine two different thermodynamic cycles in a combined cycle plant. Most commonly, exhaust gases from a gas turbine are used to generate steam for a boiler and a steam turbine. The combination of a "top" cycle and a "bottom" cycle produces higher overall efficiency than either cycle can attain alone. In 2018, Inter RAO UES and State Grid Archived 21 December 2021 at

884-592: A power station is nearly the maximum electrical power that the power station can produce. Some power plants are run at almost exactly their rated capacity all the time, as a non-load-following base load power plant , except at times of scheduled or unscheduled maintenance. However, many power plants usually produce much less power than their rated capacity. In some cases a power plant produces much less power than its rated capacity because it uses an intermittent energy source . Operators try to pull maximum available power from such power plants, because their marginal cost

952-421: A steam turbine. Bioenergy can also be processed through a range of temperatures and pressures in gasification , pyrolysis or torrefaction reactions. Depending on the desired end product, these reactions create more energy-dense products ( syngas , wood pellets , biocoal ) that can then be fed into an accompanying engine to produce electricity at a much lower emission rate when compared with open burning. It

1020-669: A turbine is spun creating energy. This method is being specifically studied by the Norwegian utility Statkraft, which has calculated that up to 25 TWh/yr would be available from this process in Norway. Statkraft has built the world's first prototype osmotic power plant on the Oslo fjord which was opened on 24 November 2009. In January 2014, however, Statkraft announced not to continue this pilot. Biomass energy can be produced from combustion of waste green material to heat water into steam and drive

1088-445: A typical wet, evaporative cooling tower. Power plants can use an air-cooled condenser, traditionally in areas with a limited or expensive water supply. Air-cooled condensers serve the same purpose as a cooling tower (heat dissipation) without using water. They consume additional auxiliary power and thus may have a higher carbon footprint compared to a traditional cooling tower. Electric companies often prefer to use cooling water from

1156-521: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Printemps Haussmann doha .printemps .com Printemps ( / p r æ̃ ˈ t ɒ̃ / ; French: [pʁɛ̃tɑ̃] , lit.   ' springtime ' ) is a French chain of department stores ( grands magasins , lit.   ' big stores ' ) with a focus on beauty, lifestyle, fashion, accessories, and men's wear. Its flagship store , known in French as "le Printemps Haussmann" ( French: [lə pʁɛ̃tɑ̃ osman] ),

1224-481: Is always heat lost to the environment. If this loss is employed as useful heat, for industrial processes or district heating , the power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined heat-and-power) plant. In countries where district heating is common, there are dedicated heat plants called heat-only boiler stations . An important class of power stations in the Middle East uses by-product heat for

1292-630: Is located on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris , along with other well-known department stores like the Galeries Lafayette . Since 2013, the company has been the property of a Luxembourg-based Qatari -backed investment fund, Divine Investments SA. As of 2023, Printemps operates twenty stores in France (including three in Paris), as well as one international location in Doha , Qatar. The company

1360-583: Is possible to store energy and produce electrical power at a later time as in pumped-storage hydroelectricity , thermal energy storage , flywheel energy storage , battery storage power station and so on. The world's largest form of storage for excess electricity, pumped-storage is a reversible hydroelectric plant. They are a net consumer of energy but provide storage for any source of electricity, effectively smoothing peaks and troughs in electricity supply and demand. Pumped storage plants typically use "spare" electricity during off peak periods to pump water from

1428-518: Is practically zero, but the available power varies widely—in particular, it may be zero during heavy storms at night. In some cases operators deliberately produce less power for economic reasons. The cost of fuel to run a load following power plant may be relatively high, and the cost of fuel to run a peaking power plant is even higher—they have relatively high marginal costs. Operators keep power plants turned off ("operational reserve") or running at minimum fuel consumption ("spinning reserve") most of

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1496-449: Is predictable, on a short-term (daily or hourly) base their energy must be used as available since generation cannot be deferred. Contractual arrangements ("take or pay") with independent power producers or system interconnections to other networks may be effectively non-dispatchable. All thermal power plants produce waste heat energy as a byproduct of the useful electrical energy produced. The amount of waste heat energy equals or exceeds

1564-459: Is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. Solar energy can be turned into electricity either directly in solar cells , or in a concentrating solar power plant by focusing

1632-729: Is the largest department store in the Middle East at over 40,000 m (430,000 sq ft) and the brands second largest store it includes 14 restaurants and over 200 brands exclusive to the store. The company is currently looking to open a store in Asia and is aiming to have 5-10 new stores by 2030 all of which will be located outside of France. An outlet opened at the McArthurGlen Paris-Giverny mall in mid-2024. 48°52′27″N 2°19′42″E  /  48.874076°N 2.328469°E  / 48.874076; 2.328469 Power station A power station , also referred to as

1700-644: The COVID-19 Pandemic it was announced that four Printemps stores would close ( Le Havre , Strasbourg , Metz & Place d'Italie ). In September 2022, Printemps announced that they would open a two-level 54,000 sq ft (5,000 m ) at One Wall Street in New York City , the store is expected to open in Spring 2025. Printemps Doha opened in November 2022 at Doha Oasis in Doha, Qatar . The store

1768-897: The City Temple and the Old Bailey . Another important customer was the Telegraph Office of the General Post Office , but this could not be reached through the culverts. Johnson arranged for the supply cable to be run overhead, via Holborn Tavern and Newgate . In September 1882 in New York, the Pearl Street Station was established by Edison to provide electric lighting in the lower Manhattan Island area. The station ran until destroyed by fire in 1890. The station used reciprocating steam engines to turn direct-current generators. Because of

1836-529: The May 1998 riots the store did not open. In 2006 Printemps was sold to the Italian Borletti Group (with equity partner Deutsche Bank ), they then made major investments to revamp stores. On 16 December 2008, the Paris department store Printemps Haussmann was evacuated following a bomb threat from the terrorist group FRA (Afghan Revolutionary Front). The demining services found five sticks of dynamite in

1904-458: The Métro was connected in 1904. Also in 1904 a near collapse of the business led to the resignation of Jules Jaluzot with this he was succeeded by Gustave Laguionie, who announced the construction of a second store in 1905. The second store designed by architect René Binet , the store was opened five years later and dominated by a glass domed hall 42 meters in height and an Art Nouveau staircase which

1972-731: The Roscoe Wind Farm is the largest onshore wind farm in the world, producing 8000  MW of power, followed by the Zhang Jiakou (3000 MW). As of January 2022, the Hornsea Wind Farm in United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1218 MW, followed by Walney Wind Farm in United Kingdom at 1026 MW. In 2021, the worldwide installed capacity of power plants increased by 347 GW. Solar and wind power plant capacities rose by 80% in one year.  As of 2022 ,

2040-565: The Wayback Machine planned to build an 8-GW thermal power plant, which's the largest coal-fired power plant construction project in Russia . A prime mover is a machine that converts energy of various forms into energy of motion. Power plants that can be dispatched (scheduled) to provide energy to a system include: Non-dispatchable plants include such sources as wind and solar energy; while their long-term contribution to system energy supply

2108-617: The desalination of water. The efficiency of a thermal power cycle is limited by the maximum working fluid temperature produced. The efficiency is not directly a function of the fuel used. For the same steam conditions, coal-, nuclear- and gas power plants all have the same theoretical efficiency. Overall, if a system is on constantly (base load) it will be more efficient than one that is used intermittently (peak load). Steam turbines generally operate at higher efficiency when operated at full capacity. Besides use of reject heat for process or district heating, one way to improve overall efficiency of

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2176-484: The largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are led by Bhadla Solar Park in India, rated at 2245 MW. Solar thermal power stations in the U.S. have the following output: Large coal-fired, nuclear, and hydroelectric power stations can generate hundreds of megawatts to multiple gigawatts. Some examples: Gas turbine power plants can generate tens to hundreds of megawatts. Some examples: The rated capacity of

2244-420: The steam turbine in central station service, around 1906, allowed great expansion of generating capacity. Generators were no longer limited by the power transmission of belts or the relatively slow speed of reciprocating engines, and could grow to enormous sizes. For example, Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti planned what would have reciprocating steam engine ever built for a proposed new central station, but scrapped

2312-543: The DC distribution, the service area was small, limited by voltage drop in the feeders. In 1886 George Westinghouse began building an alternating current system that used a transformer to step up voltage for long-distance transmission and then stepped it back down for indoor lighting, a more efficient and less expensive system which is similar to modern systems. The war of the currents eventually resolved in favor of AC distribution and utilization, although some DC systems persisted to

2380-514: The Drakensberg, Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme . The power generated by a power station is measured in multiples of the watt , typically megawatts (10 watts) or gigawatts (10 watts). Power stations vary greatly in capacity depending on the type of power plant and on historical, geographical and economic factors. The following examples offer a sense of the scale. Many of the largest operational onshore wind farms are located in China. As of 2022,

2448-522: The Intercontinental Group of Department Stores which they have been a member of since. The figures of the Four Seasons on the façade were sculpted by French sculptor Henri Chapu . By 1970 there were 23 Printemps locations and 13 Prisunic discount outlets. The oil-price driven French economic crisis of the early 1970s significantly threatened Printemps business model, in response the firm

2516-472: The Presidency of Micromania and his position at GameStop. In 2017, the company merged with its sister company Zing Pop Culture and changed its name to Micromania-Zing. Zing, was launched in 2015 for distribution of derivative products of game franchises: manga, comics, films, etc. The consolidating merge addressed the decrease in gaming revenues. This European video game corporation or company-related article

2584-505: The amount of energy converted into useful electricity . Gas-fired power plants can achieve as much as 65% conversion efficiency, while coal and oil plants achieve around 30–49%. The waste heat produces a temperature rise in the atmosphere, which is small compared to that produced by greenhouse-gas emissions from the same power plant. Natural draft wet cooling towers at many nuclear power plants and large fossil-fuel-fired power plants use large hyperboloid chimney -like structures (as seen in

2652-485: The cooling machinery. These screens are only partially effective and as a result billions of fish and other aquatic organisms are killed by power plants each year. For example, the cooling system at the Indian Point Energy Center in New York kills over a billion fish eggs and larvae annually. A further environmental impact is that aquatic organisms which adapt to the warmer discharge water may be injured if

2720-455: The economies of scale to provide high quality goods at prices that the expanding middle class could afford. They also pioneered the idea of discount sales to clear outdated stock, and later the use of window models to display the latest fashions. Printemps was noted for its branding innovations as well, handing out bouquets of violets on the first day of spring and championing the new Art Nouveau style, with its nature inspired motifs. In 1881

2788-547: The end of the 20th century. DC systems with a service radius of a mile (kilometer) or so were necessarily smaller, less efficient of fuel consumption, and more labor-intensive to operate than much larger central AC generating stations. AC systems used a wide range of frequencies depending on the type of load; lighting load using higher frequencies, and traction systems and heavy motor load systems preferring lower frequencies. The economics of central station generation improved greatly when unified light and power systems, operating at

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2856-411: The energy carried by ocean waves , tides , salinity , and ocean temperature differences . The movement of water in the world's oceans creates a vast store of kinetic energy , or energy in motion. This energy can be harnessed to generate electricity to power homes, transport and industries. The term marine energy encompasses both wave power —power from surface waves, and tidal power —obtained from

2924-839: The first and only ever location in the Americas, the store was located at Broadway Plaza and was just over 88,000 square metres, the store had a French bistro. Business slowed after the first few months and a shuttle bus started operating from Downtown Denver to get shoppers to the store but in April 1989 the location closed. In 1988 two new locations opened in Istanbul , Turkey and Seoul , South Korea. The Singapore store closed in December 1989 after six years of operation. In 1991 Printemps and its subsidiaries were acquired by François Pinault and merged with other holdings into Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR,

2992-422: The general lighting and power network. Throughout the first few decades of the 20th century central stations became larger, using higher steam pressures to provide greater efficiency, and relying on interconnections of multiple generating stations to improve reliability and cost. High-voltage AC transmission allowed hydroelectric power to be conveniently moved from distant waterfalls to city markets. The advent of

3060-434: The generator varies widely. Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal , oil , and natural gas to generate electricity. Low-carbon power sources include nuclear power , and use of renewables such as solar , wind , geothermal , and hydroelectric . In early 1871 Belgian inventor Zénobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to produce power on a commercial scale for industry. In 1878,

3128-588: The image at the right) that release the waste heat to the ambient atmosphere by the evaporation of water. However, the mechanical induced-draft or forced-draft wet cooling towers in many large thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, fossil-fired power plants, petroleum refineries , petrochemical plants , geothermal , biomass and waste-to-energy plants use fans to provide air movement upward through down coming water and are not hyperboloid chimney-like structures. The induced or forced-draft cooling towers are typically rectangular, box-like structures filled with

3196-406: The kinetic energy of large bodies of moving water. Offshore wind power is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from the wind , even if the wind turbines are placed over water. The oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations. Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around

3264-670: The last international store closed in Ginza, Tokyo and was converted into an extension of the nearby Marronnier Gate department store, the closing of the store ended a period of international expansion around the world. In May 2019 plans were announced to open a store in Galleria Vittorio Emanuele in Milan. It would be 2,500 square metres and would open in 2021, but due to the COVID-19 Pandemic plans were scrapped. In 2020 due to

3332-425: The light to run a heat engine. A solar photovoltaic power plant converts sunlight into direct current electricity using the photoelectric effect . Inverters change the direct current into alternating current for connection to the electrical grid. This type of plant does not use rotating machines for energy conversion. Solar thermal power plants use either parabolic troughs or heliostats to direct sunlight onto

3400-479: The ocean or a lake, river, or cooling pond instead of a cooling tower. This single pass or once-through cooling system can save the cost of a cooling tower and may have lower energy costs for pumping cooling water through the plant's heat exchangers . However, the waste heat can cause thermal pollution as the water is discharged. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling are designed with mechanisms such as fish screens , to limit intake of organisms into

3468-1002: The opening of a location in Kobe , Japan, they continued the expansion a year later opening a store in Sapporo . In September 1983 a store opened in Singapore on the ground floor of the newly built Le Méridien Hotel on Orchard Road . In 1984 two new locations opened in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia and in Petaling Jaya , Malaysia a second store opened in Malaysia in 1985 in Kuala Lumpur . Two more stores opened in Japan in Ginza and Osaka. A store opened in Denver on 6 November 1987,

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3536-557: The past, but almost all modern turbines being produced today use a three-bladed, upwind design. Grid-connected wind turbines now being built are much larger than the units installed during the 1970s. They thus produce power more cheaply and reliably than earlier models. With larger turbines (on the order of one megawatt), the blades move more slowly than older, smaller, units, which makes them less visually distracting and safer for birds. Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes referred to as ocean energy or ocean power ) refers to

3604-534: The plans when turbines became available in the necessary size. Building power systems out of central stations required combinations of engineering skill and financial acumen in equal measure. Pioneers of central station generation include George Westinghouse and Samuel Insull in the United States, Ferranti and Charles Hesterman Merz in UK, and many others . 2021 world electricity generation by source. Total generation

3672-651: The plant shuts down in cold weather . Water consumption by power stations is a developing issue. In recent years, recycled wastewater, or grey water , has been used in cooling towers. The Calpine Riverside and the Calpine Fox power stations in Wisconsin as well as the Calpine Mankato power station in Minnesota are among these facilities. Power stations can generate electrical energy from renewable energy sources. In

3740-406: The power themselves, in which case the generation output is classified into gross generation , and net generation . Gross generation or gross electric output is the total amount of electricity generated by a power plant over a specific period of time. It is measured at the generating terminal and is measured in kilowatt-hours (kW·h), megawatt-hours (MW·h), gigawatt-hours (GW·h) or for

3808-506: The storage is used for peaking power , where water in the upper reservoir is allowed to flow back to a lower reservoir through a turbine and generator. Unlike coal power stations, which can take more than 12 hours to start up from cold, a hydroelectric generator can be brought into service in a few minutes, ideal to meet a peak load demand. Two substantial pumped storage schemes are in South Africa, Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme and another in

3876-424: The store caught on fire causing the entire building to be destroyed, but after the fire the store was rebuilt with the new building designed by architects Jules and Paul Sédille . The store also became the first to use electric lighting with the rebuild and customers were even able to observe the power station behind a glass wall. The store became one of the first department stores with direct metro access when

3944-449: The store had a large expansion and elevators (some of the first) from the 1867 Universal Exposition were installed. The policies of Printemps revolutionised retail business practices. The store marked items with set prices and eschewed the haggling based on customer appearance that had previously been standard in retail shopping. Like other grands magasins ( lit.   ' big stores ' , department stores ), Printemps used

4012-448: The time. Operators feed more fuel into load following power plants only when the demand rises above what lower-cost plants (i.e., intermittent and base load plants) can produce, and then feed more fuel into peaking power plants only when the demand rises faster than the load following power plants can follow. Not all of the generated power of a plant is necessarily delivered into a distribution system. Power plants typically also use some of

4080-460: The toilet of the store. The FRA claimed this assassination attempt and demanded the withdrawal of 3,000 French soldiers deployed in Afghanistan. On 31 July 2013, Divine Investments SA (DiSA) a Luxembourg-based Qatari-backed investment fund bought Printemps On 4 August 2013 labor organisations in France asked the Paris prosecutor's office to open a preliminary inquiry into the sale, in response to

4148-415: The world. Salinity gradient energy is called pressure-retarded osmosis. In this method, seawater is pumped into a pressure chamber that is at a pressure lower than the difference between the pressures of saline water and fresh water. Freshwater is also pumped into the pressure chamber through a membrane, which increases both the volume and pressure of the chamber. As the pressure differences are compensated,

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4216-422: Was 28 petawatt-hours . In thermal power stations, mechanical power is produced by a heat engine that transforms thermal energy , often from combustion of a fuel , into rotational energy. Most thermal power stations produce steam, so they are sometimes called steam power stations. Not all thermal energy can be transformed into mechanical power, according to the second law of thermodynamics ; therefore, there

4284-549: Was a founder of the International Association of Department Stores as well as one of its members from 1928 until 1997. The first Printemps store, now commonly known as "Printemps Haussmann", was opened on 3 November 1865 under the name "Grands Magasins du Printemps" (abbreviated as "Au Printemps") by Jules Jaluzot his wife Augustine Jaluzot and Jean-Alfred Duclos. The store was located on the corner of Rue du Havre and Boulevard Haussmann in Paris, France . In 1874

4352-466: Was built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson . A Babcock & Wilcox boiler powered a 93 kW (125 horsepower) steam engine that drove a 27-tonne (27-long-ton) generator. This supplied electricity to premises in the area that could be reached through the culverts of the viaduct without digging up the road, which was the monopoly of the gas companies. The customers included

4420-501: Was dismantled and stored at Clichy . It was restored in 1973 by the grandson of its original designer, using plans that had been kept in the archives of the family business. In 1975, the façade and cupola of the building were registered as historical monuments. Printemps alongside Åhlén & Holm , Au Grand Passage ( Geneva ), Bon Marché ( Brussels ), Grands Magasins Jelmoli , L'Innovation ( Lausanne ), Rinascente , S.A.P.A.C. (Printemps purchasing association) and Selfridges founded

4488-565: Was later removed in 1955. The first store outside of Paris was opened in 1912 in Deauville . Pierre Laguionie, the son of Gustave, took the helm of the store in 1920, rebuilding it after another large fire in 1921. In 1923 with the reconstruction of the Haussmann store an elaborate cupola was installed above the main restaurant. Pierre Laguionie was the first president of the International Association of Department Stores in from 1928 to 1930,

4556-735: Was renamed Kering in 2013). That year a store also opened in Cascais , Portugal. In 1994 a store opened in Bangkok , Thailand at Seri Center . In 1995 a location opened in Taipei , the store opened under a franchise agreement and was operated by the Taiwan-based Jieh Enterprises. Printemps also expanded to China with a six floor store opening on Huaihai Road in Shanghai . Plans were announced for two more Chinese stores to open in 1996 and then

4624-430: Was transformed into a limited corporation with a controlling interest acquired by Maus Fréres , a Swiss holding company . During the 1970s Jean-Jacques Delort led the company on a turnaround strategy creating specialty stores and brands (such as Armand Thierry clothing) and branching out into different areas such as food and mail. In 1981 the company started an international expansion by franchising stores it started with

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