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25-460: It was named after Castle Michelau/Michałowo (it is part of the city of Brodnica (Strasburg), which was destroyed well before 1789). From a geographical perspective, it was sometimes also considered part of Kulmerland , although it is east of the river Drwęca (Drewenz). The land of Michałowo and Lubawa (Löbau) were part of Prussian territory in direct vicinity of the Kulmerland. Conquered in

50-589: A Catholic church, a synagogue, a grammar school, a district court, a main customs office and several commercial operations. The 19th century saw 20 thousand Polish soldiers interned after the failure of the November Uprising (1830–1831) and many townspeople and noblemen involved in the January Uprising (1863). It is in the Brodnica region too that Masovian insurgents sought refuge from Russian persecution after

75-538: A Polish victory over the invading Soviets in the Battle of Brodnica  [ pl ] during the Polish–Soviet War . In the 1920s the town was visited by highest Polish dignitaries: Prime Minister Wincenty Witos , Marshal Józef Piłsudski and President Stanisław Wojciechowski . During the occupation of Poland ( World War II ), in 1939, Germans carried out mass arrests of local Poles , who were later murdered in

100-740: A Polish–Teutonic truce was signed there, ending the Hunger War . In 1440, the town was one of the founding members of the Prussian Confederation , which opposed Teutonic rule, and upon the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon reincorporated the territory to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. In May 1454 the town pledged allegiance to the Polish King in Toruń . After the end of the Thirteen Years' War ,

125-501: Is a town in northern Poland with 28,574 inhabitants as of 2014 . It is the seat of Brodnica County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . The nearby Brodnica Landscape Park , a protected area , gets its name from Brodnica. Brodnica is the capital of the district whose present quarter Michałowo, a settlement mentioned as early as in 1138 and then in 1240 as castrum Michałowo , hides relics from Neolithic era. As it

150-646: Is also a burial place for agents of the Ministry of Public Security who fought Polish anti-communist partisans during the Polish People's Republic . The sports teams in the city include the football club Sparta Brodnica , the handball MKS Brodnica club, the Karate Shotokan Brodnica club, the Aikido Brodnicka Akademia Aikido club, the boxing Klub Bokserski Gladiator Brodnica , and

175-453: Is an influential jazz, hip hop, funk and pop drummer. He is a member of bands such as "Radiostatik", "Schmidt Electric", "Ola Trzaska" etc. He also plays with George Garzone, Zbigniew Namysłowski and Maciej Sikała. Brodnica is twinned with: Royal city in Poland In the history of Poland , a royal city or royal town ( Polish : miasto królewskie ) was an urban settlement within

200-642: Is confirmed in old documents Michałowo was the capital of the Masovian Castellany. The town was chosen owing to its good position on the Drwęca (on the trade route leading from Masovia to Prussia ) and a customs house between Dobrzyń and Chełmno Land (mentioned in 1252). The first reference to the town of Brodnica dates from 1263. In 1285–1370 the construction of the Gothic Church of St. Catherine took place. Brodnica received town privileges in 1298. In 1414,

225-691: The Great Sejm adopted the Free Royal Cities Act (full title: "Miasta nasze królewskie wolne w państwach Rzeczypospolitej" - "Our Free Royal Cities in the States of the Commonwealth "), included as Article III into the Constitution of May 3, 1791 . The law granted a number of privileges for the residents of royal cities. Many of these privileges and rights have already been enjoyed by major royal cities, and

250-572: The crown lands ( Polish : królewszczyzna ). The most influential royal cities enjoyed voting rights during the free election period in Poland (1572–1791). These cities were Gdańsk , Warsaw , Kraków , Poznań , Lwów , Wilno , Toruń , Lublin , Kamieniec and Elbląg . Other important royal cities included Gniezno (ecclesiastical capital of Poland and former capital of early medieval Poland), Płock (former capital of medieval Poland), Piotrków (second most important political center of Poland in

275-570: The 11th century a territory named Masovia developed as borderland between the Prussians and Masovians , who at a time of the fragmentation of Poland had made themselves independent of the Polish rulers . The small territories of Michelau and Löbau were bouncing back and force in between. The rulers of Kujavia and Masovia had given lands to the monk and apostle of the Prussians, Christian of Oliva , He

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300-510: The 19th century, the Chełmno Land (and Brodnica in particular) was a refuge for Polish patriots who contributed greatly to social, cultural and economic life of the region, like Ignacy Łyskowski. In January 1920, after the end of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles , Brodnica was reintegrated with Poland , which had recently regained independence. On 18 August 1920, the town was the site of

325-629: The Germans carried out expulsions of Poles , whose homes, shops and workshops were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. An Einsatzgruppen penal camp was operated in the town during the occupation, and in 1944, the Germans also established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp , intended for female prisoners. The German occupation ended in January 1945. In 1975–1998, it

350-832: The Kingdom of Poland, the Michelauer land became one of the territories often contested between Poland and the Order. After the Second Peace of Toruń it was incorporated into Poland, as part of the Chełmno Voivodeship . The area is mentioned in the Treaty of Lake Melno . 53°12′N 19°24′E  /  53.200°N 19.400°E  / 53.200; 19.400 Brodnica Brodnica [brɔdˈɲit͡sa] ( German : Strasburg in Westpreußen or Strasburg an der Drewenz )

375-791: The MMA Fight Team MMA Brodnica. The Museum of Brodnica ( Muzeum w Brodnicy ) consists of three branches, focusing on history, archeology and contemporary art . It is located in the Renaissance granary, the Brodnica Castle tower and the Gothic Chełmińska Gate. Sebastian Kuchczynski – (born 9 August 1986 in Brodnica) is a drummer, composer and arranger. He graduated from Berklee College of Music in Boston, Master's degree, 2017. He

400-682: The Teutonic Knights renounced claims to the town, and recognized it as part of Poland. It became a royal town of the Polish Crown , administratively located in the Chełmno Voivodeship . In the Teutonic state Brodnica was the seat of the Commander, in the Polish Kingdom it was the capital of the district starosty , and the former Commander's lands were then royal property. A favourable location on

425-669: The area or deported to Nazi concentration camps . Some of these Poles were murdered in Skrwilno between 15 October and 15 November 1939 and in Brzezinki in October 1939. The interwar principal of the local high school, Klemens Malicki, was among the Polish principals and teachers murdered in the Oranienburg concentration camp as part of the Intelligenzaktion Pommern . In 1940–1941,

450-684: The early and mid-16th century as the main location of the Sejm , and then the main Crown Tribunal location alongside Lublin, thus one of the two judiciary capitals of Poland), Grodno ( de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 1580s and then the general sejm location alongside Warsaw), Bydgoszcz and Kalisz (temporary locations of the Crown Tribunal), and Sandomierz , Przemyśl , Kazimierz . On April 18, 1791,

475-524: The failure of the January Uprising . Bank Spółdzielczy w Brodnicy , which is the oldest continuously operating Polish bank, was established in 1862. In 1873 a Polish philomath organization was founded in the local gymnasium , whose activity ended in 1901 due to Germany's anti-Polish policies. Between 1886 and 1910, Brodnica received railway connections with Działdowo , Grudziądz , Iława , Sierpc and Jabłonowo Pomorskie , which made it an important railway junction and triggered industrial progress. In

500-469: The intersection of important routes used for transportation of different goods (wood, fish, furs, animal skin, grain, wool) accelerated the development of the town, making it an important trading centre, the status still reflected in the number of well-preserved granaries along the Drwęca . Between 1486 and 1604 the town belonged to the Działyński family , then between 1604 and 1625 to Anna Vasa of Sweden who

525-561: The short-lived Duchy of Warsaw . In 1815, Brodnica, known as Strasburg in German, was again annexed by Prussia. In 1871, it also became part of the German Empire . After 1785, the Prussians dismantled the Brodnica Castle , preserving only the tower, which is currently the highest Gothic tower in Poland east of the Vistula, and serves as a museum and a watchtower. The town had a Protestant church,

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550-578: The site of a German war cemetery. During the Polish–Soviet War , 31 Polish soldiers killed during the Battle of Brodnica on 18 August 1920 were laid to rest here. In 1943, German soldiers who died in the local hospital together with those who lost their lives on 21 January 1945 during the Soviet offensive were put in the ground. A curiosity is that the Red Army soldiers who died on the same day were buried here as well. It

575-719: Was administratively located in the Toruń Voivodeship . Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb ". (Marine West Coast Climate). Brodnica is located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship on an important route transit over the small river Drwęca , about 48 kilometres (30 miles) south-east of Grudziądz , 90 kilometres (56 miles) south-west of Olsztyn and 98 kilometres (61 miles) south of Elbląg . During World War I, Brodnica became

600-507: Was declared first bishop of Prussia by the pope and he also bought additional territories. A Prussian chieftain had given bishop Christian his land Löbau, by accepting Christianisation at Rome. In 1303 the Teutonic Order state received the territory as lien and in 1317 they bought it and received all rights from the Duke of Kujavia . Over the next few centuries, as Masovia was reabsorbed into

625-514: Was the royal sister of Sigismund III Vasa , King of Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden. In later years it was the property Queen Cecily Renata , Chancellor Jerzy Ossoliński , Queen Maria Casimira , and Marshal Franciszek Bieliński . Brodnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772, during the First Partition of Poland , but in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars , Brodnica became part of

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