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24-584: Located on the ancient trade route " strata coloniensis " the Lotharingian hamlet of Medamana ( engl. between the streams , which bears an etymological similarity to the origins of the name for the Northern Italian city of Milan ( lat. Mediolanum )) first appeared in the charter of the last Carolingian King, Louis the Child , 904 AD, thus existing "officially" for more than 1100 years. In 1363 Mettmann

48-706: A duchy in its own right, and about 925 Duke Gilbert declared homage to the German king Henry the Fowler , an act which King Rudolph of France was helpless to revert. From that time on Lotharingia (or Lorraine) remained a German stem duchy, the border with France did not change throughout the Middle Ages. In 959 King Henry's son Duke Bruno the Great divided Lotharingia into two duchies: Lower and Upper Lorraine (or Lower and Upper Lotharingia) and granted Count Godfrey I of Mons (Hainaut)

72-691: A vanguard of the US Ninth Army and then became a part of the British military administration under which the Northern Rhineland was redemocratised . Since 1946, Mettmann is a part of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia and from 1949 of West Germany . Since 1990 it belongs to the unified Federal Republic of Germany . In the years following Germany's loss of World War II in 1945, Mettmann saw significant population increases driven mostly by

96-567: The Rhenish - Westphalian majority population and its traditions. Due to festivals and other events that took place in Mettmann to which many Brazilians were flown in, the town also became the host of a sizeable Brazilian community, this fact was also featured in the German movie Samba in Mettmann by the German/Italian filmmaker duo Hape Kerkeling and Angelo Colagrossi. Mettmann gave its name to

120-571: The District of Mettmann . Although the administrative centre of the District of Mettmann changed often over the years, in 1954 the parliament of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia eventually decided to make Mettmann the district's administrative centre. In 1974–75, with the administrative boundary reform, the district lost several councils to the neighbouring cities Düsseldorf , Duisburg , Essen , and Wuppertal . The district name also changed from Düsseldorf-Mettmann to Mettmann during this reform. However,

144-450: The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia diminished and furthermore was affected by the conflict between Emperors Henry IV and Henry V : In 1100 Henry IV had enfeoffed Count Henry of Limburg , whom Henry V, having enforced the abdication of his father, immediately deposed and replaced by Count Godfrey I of Louvain . Upon the death of Duke Godfrey III in 1190, his son Duke Henry I of Brabant inherited

168-454: The abdication of his father, immediately deposed and replaced by Count Godfrey I of Louvain . Upon the death of Duke Godfrey III in 1190, his son Duke Henry I of Brabant inherited the ducal title by order of Emperor Henry VI at the Diet of Schwäbisch Hall . Thereby the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia finally lost its territorial authority, while the remnant Imperial fief held by the dukes of Brabant

192-415: The authority of the titular dukes of Lower Lotharingia ( Lothier ): Lower Lorraine The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia , also called Northern Lotharingia , Lower Lorraine or Northern Lorraine (and also referred to as Lothier or Lottier in titles), was a stem duchy of the medieval Kingdom of Germany established in 959, which encompassed almost all of modern Belgium , Luxemburg ,

216-525: The ducal title by order of Emperor Henry VI at the Diet of Schwäbisch Hall . Thereby the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia finally lost its territorial authority, while the remnant Imperial fief held by the dukes of Brabant was later called the Duchy of Lothier (or Lothryk). After the territorial power of the duchy was shattered, many fiefdoms came to imperial immediacy in its area. The most important ones of these were: The following successor states remained under

240-723: The early 1960s, and followed by Turkey later that decade. These communities soon thrived and established cultural markers such as the Pizza and kebab restaurants that are now ubiquitous throughout western Germany. Later events such as the Lebanese Civil War and the Balkan Wars were also reflected in the town's makeup, which now comprises communities of Turks , Kurds , Kashubians , Old Prussians , Silesians , Poles , Greeks , Croatians , Serbs , Albanians , Bosnians and Lebanese heritage, each distinct but generally well-integrated into

264-680: The ensuing political upheavals, which hit the district of Düsseldorf among the hardest, policing was done from Berlin, excluding local accountability. Thus, the Prussian government regarded the Rhinelands as more of a colony, furnishing the bureaucracy, which was based in Düsseldorf, with civil servants that were drafted in from other regions of Prussia. Mettmann was liberated from the National Socialist Dictatorship April 16, 1945, by

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288-585: The exiled younger brother of King Lothair of France . Lower and Upper Lorraine were once again briefly reunited under Gothelo I from 1033 to 1044. After that, the Lower duchy was quickly marginalised, while Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply the Duchy of Lorraine. Over the next decades the significance of the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia diminished and furthermore was affected by the conflict between Emperors Henry IV and Henry V : In 1100 Henry IV had enfeoffed Count Henry of Limburg , whom Henry V, having enforced

312-559: The north (lower down the Rhine river system), while Upper Lorraine was to the south (further up the river system). Both duchies formed the western part of the Holy Roman Empire established by Bruno's elder brother Emperor Otto I in 962. Both Lotharingian duchies took very separate paths thereafter: Upon the death of Godfrey's son Duke Richar , Lower Lotharingia was directly ruled by the emperor, until in 977 Otto II enfeoffed Charles ,

336-498: The northern part of the German Rhineland province and the eastern parts of France 's Nord-Pas de Calais region. It also included almost all of modern Netherlands (the region of Frisia was loosely associated with the duchy but the duke exercised no de facto control over the territory). It was created out of the former Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia under King Lothair II , that had been established in 855. Lotharingia

360-763: The regional Board of Inland Revenue —the "Finanzamt Düsseldorf-Mettmann"—serves both the municipalities forming the district of Mettmann, as well as the city of Düsseldorf proper. In the nearby Neanderthal , in the summer of 1856, quarry workers discovered the fossilised remains of what became known as the Neanderthal man or Homo neanderthalensis in Feldhof cave . Mettmann is twinned with: Mettmann also has friendly relations with: Lower Lorraine The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia , also called Northern Lotharingia , Lower Lorraine or Northern Lorraine (and also referred to as Lothier or Lottier in titles),

384-541: The resettlement of citizens previously living in the eastern territories that had been ceded to Poland . Having seen almost no war-time destruction and being situated in a traditionally strong economic region, the town soon prospered, in line with a general period of rapid economic growth that acquired the moniker Wirtschaftswunder ( economic miracle ). A shortage of industrial workers led to several recruitment campaigns in Mediterranean countries, starting with Italy in

408-516: The territory). It was created out of the former Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia under King Lothair II , that had been established in 855. Lotharingia was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under Louis the Younger by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont and upon the death of East Frankish king Louis the Child in 911 it joined West Francia under King Charles the Simple . It then formed

432-437: The title of a duke of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey's lands were to the north (lower down the Rhine river system), while Upper Lorraine was to the south (further up the river system). Both duchies formed the western part of the Holy Roman Empire established by Bruno's elder brother Emperor Otto I in 962. Both Lotharingian duchies took very separate paths thereafter: Upon the death of Godfrey's son Duke Richar , Lower Lotharingia

456-419: Was a stem duchy of the medieval Kingdom of Germany established in 959, which encompassed almost all of modern Belgium , Luxemburg , the northern part of the German Rhineland province and the eastern parts of France 's Nord-Pas de Calais region. It also included almost all of modern Netherlands (the region of Frisia was loosely associated with the duchy but the duke exercised no de facto control over

480-588: Was called " Monsieur le Maire ." Mettmann remained French for about 10 years and became a part of Prussia's Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. As the result of the Congress of Vienna (1814–15), in 1822 it was adsorbed into the Prussian Rhine Province . However, the Prussian rulers did not prove to be very popular, as during the bread-riots of 1848–49 and

504-399: Was directly ruled by the emperor, until in 977 Otto II enfeoffed Charles , the exiled younger brother of King Lothair of France . Lower and Upper Lorraine were once again briefly reunited under Gothelo I from 1033 to 1044. After that, the Lower duchy was quickly marginalised, while Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply the Duchy of Lorraine. Over the next decades the significance of

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528-403: Was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under Louis the Younger by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont and upon the death of East Frankish king Louis the Child in 911 it joined West Francia under King Charles the Simple . It then formed a duchy in its own right, and about 925 Duke Gilbert declared homage to the German king Henry the Fowler , an act which King Rudolph of France

552-421: Was helpless to revert. From that time on Lotharingia (or Lorraine) remained a German stem duchy, the border with France did not change throughout the Middle Ages. In 959 King Henry's son Duke Bruno the Great divided Lotharingia into two duchies: Lower and Upper Lorraine (or Lower and Upper Lotharingia) and granted Count Godfrey I of Mons (Hainaut) the title of a duke of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey's lands were to

576-613: Was one of eight administrative burghs in the Earldom of Berg and Jülich . Later the burgh became independent at the hand of Counsellor to the Earl of Cleves and was allowed to build a wall and choose a mayor. The ability to toll and tax allowed the burgh to develop in commerce and trade. In 1806 Mettmann became a part of the Grand Duchy of Berg under the rule of Napoleon 's brother-in-law, Joachim Murat . During this time, Mettmann's burgomaster

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