48-488: Merrill Township may refer to the following places in the United States: Merrill Township, Michigan Merrill Township, Hettinger County, North Dakota See also [ edit ] Morrill Township (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with
96-726: A 10-year strategic plan for Idlewild completed in 2013 as the Tourism Development Strategy For Idlewild, Michigan. The Idlewild Historic and Cultural Center was open Saturdays in 2019 and offered a self-guided driving tour of the community with stops including the remains of the Flamingo Club, the Paradise Club, and some of the previous homes of prominent individuals. The National Idlewilders Club continues to organize annual events. The Idlewild Historic & Cultural Center displays memorabilia and photographs of
144-478: A complete makeover of the island, renamed "Williams Island" in honor of early community leader Dr. Daniel Hale Williams . In the 1990s, with federal and state funding scarce, attention was turned away from building projects toward the renovation of existing township properties. The federal government designated Lake County as an "Enterprising Community", which facilitated the development of sewer and natural gas systems. Businessman John O. Meeks purchased and renovated
192-416: A couple of hundred people — mostly those left over from its heyday — and a few newcomers such as township supervisor Carrington-Atkins, who recently bought the perfectly preserved home of famed black author Charles Waddell Chesnutt . And yet, many of its houses are empty, its storefronts fallen victim to nature". In February 2019, East Lansing radio station WFMK described Idlewild as a ghost town "due to
240-404: A household in the township was $ 22,917, and the median income for a family was $ 26,625. Males had a median income of $ 24,792 versus $ 18,125 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 13,526. About 16.0% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 33.0% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over. Idlewild, Michigan Idlewild
288-414: A place where one could be within miles of prominent cities such as Chicago, while remaining concealed within the surrounding woods of the newfound African American community. As this new black intelligentsia began to settle in the community, some relocated as activists and members of Marcus Garvey 's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), some as followers of Du Bois' National Association for
336-556: A population decline as local employment options dwindled. Idlewild became a lesser-known family vacation and retirement community , primarily attracting retirees who remembered it from its boom period. In the 1970s township officials organized a planning commission, zoning board, and other initiatives as a way to encourage community input and to offer specific practical solutions to improve the community. Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) were obtained for demolition, additional roadwork, and other structural changes, which resulted in
384-632: A reinvestment in the township's only post office, and greater availability of electricity, a new generation of entrepreneurs began to invest in Idlewild. Phil Giles, Arthur "Big Daddy" Braggs, William N. "Sunnie" Wilson, and a host of other African American businessmen and women took advantage of the market by purchasing property on Williams Island and Paradise Gardens, and began developing these areas into an elaborate nightspot and business center. (According to one reliable source, Braggs financed his Idlewood business with revenues from illegal activities.) In 1952,
432-603: A relative decline after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 opened previously all-white resort facilities to African-Americans. The area last had its passenger rail access to Grand Rapids and other mid-western cities in 1966 when the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway terminated service through nearby Bitely and other towns on the route from Traverse City to Grand Rapids. According to the United States Census Bureau ,
480-519: A small yet clearly distinguishable African American middle class – largely composed of professionals and small business owners – had been established in many urban centers, including several in the American Midwest . Despite having the financial means for leisure travel, racial segregation prevented them from recreational pursuits in most resort destinations in the region. Seeing an opportunity, four white land developers and their wives organized
528-454: Is a civil township of Newaygo County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 741 at the 2020 census . Brohman is a small unincorporated community in the eastern part of the township, between sections 13 and 24 at 43°41′07″N 85°48′56″W / 43.68528°N 85.81556°W / 43.68528; -85.81556 , on M-37 , about eight miles north of White Cloud and about 15 miles west of Big Rapids . It
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#1732855353587576-471: Is an unincorporated community in Yates Township , located just east of Baldwin in southeast Lake County , a rural part of northwestern lower Michigan . During the first half of the 20th century, it was one of the few resorts in the country where African-Americans were allowed to vacation and purchase property, before discrimination was outlawed through the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . The surrounding area
624-549: Is within Manistee National Forest . The community encompasses Lake Idlewild, and the headwaters of the Pere Marquette River extends throughout the region. Called the "Black Eden of Michigan", from 1912 through the mid-1960s, Idlewild was an active year-round community and was visited by well-known entertainers and professionals from throughout the country. At its peak, it was one of the most popular resorts in
672-510: The Detroit Idlewilders Club was founded by Sunnie Wilson and other prominent Detroiters who spent their summers in Idlewild. The founding purpose of the group was to aid in support of charitable and civic endeavors and promote social entertainment and recreation in Idlewild. The cottage started by Albert Cleage in the 1940s was expanded by his sons Louis, Hugh, and Henry. In a 2017 interview, local businessman John O. Meeks recalled
720-466: The 1920s and 1930s. These week-long events added an intellectual flavor to the recreational life in the community, attracted people from across the country, and were praised by Michigan Republican Governor Fred W. Green . After segregation and enforced segregation of Jim Crow laws made it nearly impossible for African Americans to thrive in American society, many searched for a safe haven. Idlewild became
768-457: The Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), others as believers of the late Booker T. Washington 's political machine, and others as potential investors. For the majority of these professionals who brought their families, the idea of land ownership conveyed black social status and membership in this community, something that enforced segregation had prevented African Americans from obtaining beyond
816-617: The Idlewild Improvement Association (IIA) and helped build the clubhouse. IIA sold property to such notables as NAACP co-founder W.E.B. Du Bois , cosmetic entrepreneur Madam C.J. Walker , Fisk University president Lemuel L. Foster , Albert B. Cleage Sr. of Detroit, Fannie Emanuel of Chicago, and novelist Charles W. Chesnutt . 3 IIA was also responsible for recruiting other middle-class professionals, such as NAACP field secretary William Pickens, H. Franklin and Virginia Bray (a missionary and his wife who together founded
864-575: The Idlewild Resort Company (IRC). Erastus and Flora Branch, Adelbert and Isabelle Branch (from nearby White Cloud, Michigan ), Wilbur M. and Mayme Lemon, and A.E. and Modolin Wright (of Chicago ), organized IRC during the pre-World War I era. To secure land rights, Erastus Branch built a cabin, homesteaded the land for three years, and eventually obtained the title to the land through his Branch, Anderson & Tyrrell Real Estate Company, which became
912-489: The Midwest and as many as 25,000 would come to Idlewild in the height of the summer season to enjoy camping, swimming, boating, fishing, hunting, horseback riding, roller skating, and night-time entertainment. When the 1964 Civil Rights Act opened up other resorts in many states to African-Americans, Idlewild's boomtown period subsided. Though not quite a "ghost town" as claimed in the book Ghost Towns of Michigan , Chapter 7,
960-609: The Morton Motel, and founded organizations to develop and promote the community, including Mid-Michigan Idlewilders and the Idlewild African American Chamber of Commerce. Nonetheless, by 1998, the economy was in a "dismal state" according to a reliable source, with many residents on welfare. By that time, the Paradise Club had been torn down and the Flamingo had been closed down. The state of Michigan invested funds for
1008-408: The Paradise Club from May to September, starting in summer 1950, helping Idlewild become the "Summer Apollo of Michigan". Not all club patrons were black, as one resident recalled. On some nights, "there were more white people in there than blacks. It wasn’t about race, it was about fun". The Paradise Club showgirls and chorus girls, with guest entertainers, performed not only in Idlewild but also on
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#17328553535871056-520: The Rhythm Kings , Sarah Vaughan , Cab Calloway , Louis Armstrong , Dinah Washington , B.B. King , Aretha Franklin , Fats Waller , and Billy Eckstein . Many other performers entertained both Idlewilders and white citizens in neighboring Lake County townships throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. Arthur Braggs produced singers, dancers, showgirls, and entertainers who performed in the Fiesta Room at
1104-566: The appearance of a prominent American society. By the mid-1920s, over 6,000 people had purchased some 17,000 lots in the area. The Pere Marquette Railway ran the Resort Special with sleeping cars from Chicago and Detroit via Grand Rapids from June to September, stopping in Baldwin five miles to the west. The Pere Marquette Railway ran trains west from Idlewild's station to Baldwin, then Ludington ; and trains went east to Saginaw . At Saginaw
1152-551: The area also emphasized the lack of prejudice and the freedom of movement for blacks "without ostracism and hatred", in a town where they could truly feel like "American citizens". One prominent personality to relocate to Idlewild was Dr. Daniel Hale Williams , who in 1893 was the first surgeon in the United States to perform open-heart surgery . Williams, Herman O. and Lela G. Wilson of Chicago, three of Williams' associates from Chicago and Cleveland , and twenty others were among
1200-441: The central focus of the resort community. One folk saying suggests that the community's name refers to "idle men and wild women". Current residents embrace this version of the story by selling playful T-shirts with this phrase at the annual Idlewilders summer festivals. IRC organized excursions to attract middle class African American professionals from Detroit , Chicago , and other Midwestern cities, taking them on tours of
1248-533: The community as an all black resort town in 1923. Woodland Park began when the Brookings Lumber Company sold the remnants of its old lumbering village in Newaygo County. The site, 15 miles south of Idlewild and 37 miles north of Grand Rapids , was first put up for sale in 1920. Marion and his wife Ella Auther used earnings from commissions on the lots they sold at Idlewild to make a down payment on
1296-717: The community of Idlewild. Eventually, Idlewild would become known as the "Black Eden of Michigan". Idlewild gained national stature among African Americans during the period between the World Wars. For example, the Idlewild Land Owners Association had members from over thirty-four states in the country. In addition, the Purple Palace, the Flamingo, the Paradise Club, Idlewild Club, Rosanna Tavern, and Pearl's Bar provided summer entertainment for tourists and employment opportunities for seasonal and year-round residents in
1344-466: The community. The Pere Marquette Railroad built a branch line to the area by 1923, a post office opened that same year, and the Idlewild Fire Department was established soon after. Following the flow of these significant establishments, a host of new entrepreneurs began entering the community. With new establishments on the rise, and the growing population of people, Idlewild began to mirror
1392-488: The enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , business in Idlewild declined. Other vacation resorts were beginning to accommodate African-American visitors, and with federal law requiring that they be accepted anywhere, African Americans began taking advantage of this opportunity. Many went to the Florida beaches and Las Vegas casinos, for example, reducing the number arriving at Idlewild. According to National Public Radio , "it
1440-603: The first formal church in Idlewild), and the Reverend Robert L. Bradby, Sr. of Second Baptist Church of Detroit (who contributed to the development of the Idlewild Lot Owners Association). IIA encouraged this new influx of community leaders to foster racial pride, economic development, decency, and respect to Idlewild. The annual Idlewild Chautauqua was organized by Baptist Minister Reverend Robert L. Bradby in
1488-573: The first group of African American professionals to join IRC's excursion. Later, tours were conducted by train from Chicago , Indiana , Detroit , Grand Rapids , St. Louis , and other cities. IRC had acquired over 2,700 acres (11 km ) of land. The company sold a good deal of that land, and then turned the island in Idlewild Lake over to Williams and Louis B. Anderson of Chicago, and Robert Riffe and William Green of Cleveland, who collaboratively formed
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1536-411: The past. "At its high point, between the '40s and early '60s, nearly 30,000 folks would descend on here in the summer. Hundreds of black-owned businesses thrived. This place was hopping ... We had a roller-skating rink for the kids, our own fire department and a post office". Other sources indicate 25,000 visitors as a more common number during peak times in summer. Many African American entertainers of
1584-572: The period performed in Idlewild, particularly at the Paradise Club managed by Arthur Braggs. (The Flamingo Club, managed by Phil Giles, had lesser-known entertainers, although LaVern Baker and Detroit's "Queen of the Blues", Alberta Adams , did perform there.) The list included Della Reese , Al Hibbler , Bill Doggett , Jackie Wilson , T-Bone Walker , George Kirby , The Four Tops , Roy Hamilton , Brook Benton , Choker Campbell , Lottie "the Body" Graves ,
1632-424: The population was under 1,000 in 2019, and numerous buildings were vacant. The Idlewild African American Chamber of Commerce, founded in 2000 by John O. Meeks, continues to promote existing local businesses and seeking new ones. It is also striving to attract more visitors to the area, with events and other strategies, in hopes of resuscitating the once lively town. Idlewild was founded in 1912. During this period,
1680-744: The road in the off-season as the Arthur Braggs Idlewild Revue. The appeared in cities such as Montreal, Toronto, Boston, Kansas City, Chicago and to New York; in Manhattan, the group performed at the Apollo Theater . Braggs' show helped Idlewild become a major entertainment center and contributed to the financial prosperity of the area. Some of the amenities in Idlewood were advertised in The Negro Motorist Green Book . Following
1728-415: The rustic community, and selling lots. Their ads in major news media offered lots at $ 1 down and $ 1 per month, and cited the hunting, fishing, boating and horseback riding opportunities. A 1919 pamphlet used by IRC to promote the community, entitled "Beautiful Idlewild", describes it as "the hunter's paradise" renowned "for its beautiful lakes of pure spring water" and "its myriads of game fish". Promoters of
1776-532: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merrill_Township&oldid=928936959 " Categories : Place name disambiguation pages Township name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Merrill Township, Michigan Merrill Township
1824-642: The south side of the lake into sections nine and ten. It is at 43°42′52″N 85°51′41″W / 43.71444°N 85.86139°W / 43.71444; -85.86139 , about two miles south of Bitely and about two and a half miles northwest of Brohman. The Bitely ZIP code 49309 also includes the Woodland Park area. The community is approximately four square miles and contains a few hundred small parcels; however many of them are undeveloped. African-American realtors Marion E. Arthur of Cleveland , Ohio , and Alvin E. Wright of Chicago , Illinois , platted
1872-498: The town's legacy as follows: "Despite this decline, Idlewild symbolized the heyday of the combination of race, leisure, and geography to create a briefly prosperous community through niche tourism". This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Idlewild has
1920-431: The town's most active years. In a 2017 interview with New York Post , Idlewild booster John O. Meeks described the community as follows. "We have three motels here now. There used to be 35. We have one restaurant. There used to be 25. I don’t expect it to be what it once was, but I do believe it deserves a future." Journalist Salena Zito added that "Idlewild is not a complete ghost town. Its pristine lakes remain home to
1968-462: The township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (93 km ), of which 34.9 square miles (90 km ) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km ) (2.59%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 590 people, 262 households, and 162 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.9 inhabitants per square mile (6.5/km ). There were 782 housing units at an average density of 22.4 per square mile (8.6/km ). The racial makeup of
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2016-531: The township was 72.71% White , 20.00% African American , 1.86% Native American , 0.34% from other races , and 5.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.22% of the population. There were 262 households, out of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who
2064-466: The trains were timed to meet with separate Bay City -originating trains to Detroit . The PM's successor, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway ended the Ludington to Saginaw trains through Idlewild in the latter months of 1949. Following World War II, Idlewild attracted what some sociologists have labeled the new African American "working" middle class. With the construction of a few paved roads in Idlewild,
2112-487: The vacated neighborhoods: block-after-block of deserted homes and yards. Many whole blocks are completely deserted & vacant except for the crumbling shacks that were once homes", confirmed by a series of photos. Nonetheless, a series of events was planned for 2019, such as The 5th Annual Idlewild Education, Empowerment and Music Festival weekend (July 13–14), with guests including an original Braggs Fiesta Doll Dancer, Carlean Gill. A 2011 Black Past article summarized
2160-555: The village's 200 acre lake. By 1921, the Authers purchased most of the Brooking Lumber Company's parcels but still lacked enough money to finalize the deal. Wilbur Lemon, a white businessman from Chicago, Illinois and one of the founders of the Idlewild Resort Company, aided them by purchasing the last remaining Brookings parcel. This allowed the Authers to launch their new resort and rename it Woodland Park. The area experienced
2208-455: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.85. In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males. The median income for
2256-507: Was established in 1882 under the name of Otia, after Otia Dingman who operated a hotel here. It was also for a time known as Dingman. The ZIP code for the community (which also serves the surrounding area) is 49312. Woodland Park (also known as "Woodland Park Resort") is an unincorporated community in the northern part of the township, situated mostly between sections three and four on the north side of Woodland Lake (also known as Brookings or Crooked Lake), although settlement extends around
2304-619: Was integration that killed Idlewild. Blacks no longer had to remain invisible". In 1966 Idlewild lost its last nearby train access in Baldwin when the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway terminated service on its Grand Rapids- Traverse City route (shortened from its Petoskey terminus), with a timed transfer in Grand Rapids to Chicago-bound trains. The national recession in the early 1970s further contributed to an economic downturn in Idlewild, which led to
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