85-640: The Flamingo Club has been the name of several notable places of entertainment: Flamingo Club (London) in the UK Flamingo Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Flamingo Club (Michigan) in Idlewild, Michigan, USA Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Flamingo Club . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
170-587: A drinks licence , and illicit drug-taking was commonplace and generally tolerated by the police. It also became recognised as a meeting place for famous musicians, including members of the Beatles , the Rolling Stones , Jimi Hendrix and many others. An example of this is that on 6 August 1965, Brian Jones and Paul McCartney attended a performance by the Byrds , with Jane Asher . John McLaughlin said: "The Flamingo
255-554: A jazz nightclub in Soho , London, between 1952 and 1969. It was located at 33–37 Wardour Street from 1957 onwards and played an important role in the development of British rhythm and blues and modern jazz . During the 1960s, the Flamingo was one of the first clubs to employ fully amplified stage sound and it used sound systems provided by ska musicians from the Caribbean . The club had
340-402: A "consent captain". The consent captain monitors bar patrons to stop sexual harassment and sexual assault at social activities at venues and bars. The consent captain intervenes if she sees people who are getting stared at, harassed, or touched without sexual consent . She talks to the person who is feeling uncomfortable and then, if the first person agrees, speaks to the individual whose conduct
425-449: A bouncer and being required to set aside his academic distance, would have been at risk of losing objectivity—though it was accepted that this quandary might be difficult to resolve. One of the main ethical issues of the research was the participation of the researcher in violence, and to what degree he would be allowed to participate. The group could not fully resolve this issue, as the undercover researcher would not have been able to gain
510-413: A boy is thrown out of a restaurant because he has no money to pay for his meal: "Here, Peter, you waited on this young man, didn't you?" "Yes, sir." "He hasn't paid for his breakfast, and pretends he hasn't got any money. Bounce him! " If Sam was ignorant of the meaning of the word 'bounce,' he was soon enlightened. The waiter seized him by the collar, before he knew what was going to happen, pushed him to
595-562: A couple of people off the floor when you emerged into Soho at dawn...". In October 1962, the club was the scene of a fight between jazz fans Aloysius Gordon and Johnny Edgecombe both lovers of Christine Keeler , which ultimately led to the public revelations of the Profumo affair . By 1963, the Flamingo also became known as a centre of the mod subculture , where fans and musicians of both jazz and R&B music would rub shoulders. Unusually, it employed black musicians and DJs; it did not have
680-506: A legal right to carry a weapon even if they would prefer to do so. An article from 2007 about bouncers in Toronto (Canada) stated that a major security firm instructs its bouncers to buy bulletproof vests , as they have to deal with armed patrons on a nightly basis. Bouncers also face patrons armed with brass knuckles , screwdrivers, and improvised weapons such as broken bottles. Lee Vineyard recommends that bouncers be provided with uniforms by
765-413: A lesser role in their job satisfaction. Bouncer subculture is strongly influenced by perceptions of honour and shame, a typical characteristic of groups that are in the public eye. Factors in enjoying work as a bouncer were also found in the general prestige and respect that was accorded to bouncers, sometimes bordering on hero worship . The camaraderie between bouncers (even of different clubs), as well as
850-552: A licence to assault people. This may be encouraged by management adherence to a repressive model of supervision of patrons ("if they play up, thump 'em"), which in fact does not reduce trouble, and exacerbates an already hostile and aggressive situation. In practice many bouncers are not well managed in their work, and appear to be given a job autonomy and discretion that they cannot handle well. A 1998 article "Responses by Security Staff to Aggressive Incidents in Public Settings" in
935-581: A patron is injured and requires first aid. In a large nightclub, the bouncers may be part of a security team that includes friskers (who check for weapons and drugs), surveillance staff, a doorman, and floor men, with all of these security staff reporting to a chief of security, who in turn, reports to the general manager. In countries like the UK, or where the venue may be smaller in the US, all security personnel are considered bouncers/door supervisors and usually undertake all of
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#17328479183121020-404: A patron is injured because bouncers are dealing with a fight. The concerns about being charged by police may make bouncers reticent to call the police after they break up a bar fight. Lee Vineyard states that judges tend to be prejudiced against bouncers if there are injuries to patrons after bouncers break up a bar fight; as such, he recommends restraint in all bouncer actions, even if the bouncer
1105-459: A practice that had started on an occasional basis in 1953. Jeffrey Kruger and his father Sam continued to own the club, but its management was taken over in 1959 by Rik Gunnell, a former boxer, market worker and bouncer , who had previously run an all-night club at the Mapleton Hotel with the hotel's manager Tony Harris. Rik and his brother Johnny launched regular all-nighters and the ethos of
1190-590: A result of meeting at the club), Atomic Rooster , Pink Floyd , Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames , Bobby Tench , The Gass , the Johnny Burch Octet , Alexis Korner , Carmen McRae , Brian Auger , Jack Bruce , Ginger Baker , Long John Baldry , Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers , the then newly formed Small Faces and Steve Marriott . Jeffrey Kruger established Ember Records in 1960, and later
1275-550: A role "... as expected in the creation of an aggressive or violence prone atmosphere [in bars]." However, the study did show that "...edgy and aggressive bouncers, especially when they are arbitrary or petty in their manner, do have an adverse effect." The study stated that bouncers: ...have been observed to initiate fights or further encourage them on several occasions. Many seem poorly trained, obsessed with their own machismo, and relate badly to groups of male strangers. Some of them appear to regard their employment as giving them
1360-433: A slave, who guarded the door, and sometimes ejected unwanted people from the house whose gate he guarded. The term later become a low-ranking clergy title. Plautus , in his play Bacchides (written approximately 194–184 BC), mentions a "large and powerful" doorman / bouncer as a threat to get an unwelcome visitor to leave. Tertullian , an early Christian author living mainly in the 2nd century AD, while reporting on
1445-469: A somewhat unusual situation where some bouncers are known to work for prostitutes, instead of being their pimps . Hong Kong police have noted that due to the letter of the law, they sometimes had to charge the bouncer for illegally extorting the women when the usually expected dominance situation between the sex worker and her "protector" was in fact reversed. In the 1990s and 2000s, a number of bouncers have written "tell-all" books about their experiences on
1530-503: A strong reputation, attracting visiting performers such as Sarah Vaughan , Ella Fitzgerald and in 1954, Billie Holiday . In April 1957, the club moved to new premises in the basement of a former grocery store at 33–37 Wardour Street, where it initially remained primarily a jazz venue, with Ronnie Scott and Tubby Hayes as members of the resident band. The club became particularly well known for its weekend "all-nighters", staying open on Friday and Saturday nights until 6.00 am,
1615-641: A white audience, with performances by Jamaican-born musicians such as Count Suckle . In the 1930s, the club had been the site of the Shim Sham Club, an unlicensed jazz club popular with black and gay audiences, run by Ike Hatch , and its successor the Rainbow Roof. The club was later renamed "The Pink Flamingo" but closed in May 1969. The venue then became "The Temple", hosting prog rock bands such as Genesis and Queen , but finally closed around 1972. Since 2001,
1700-507: A wide social appeal and was a favourite haunt for musicians, including The Who . No 37 Wardour Street was previously the address of the Shim Sham Club , which opened in 1935 and was known as "London's miniature Harlem". The club first opened in August 1952 under the ownership of Jeffrey Kruger , a London-born jazz fan, and his father Sam Kruger. Its first premises were in the basement of
1785-652: Is defending him or herself from a patron. According to statistical research in Canada, bouncers are as likely to face physical violence in their work as urban-area police officers. The research also found that the likelihood of such encounters increased (with statistical significance ) with the number of years the bouncer had worked in his occupation. Despite popular misconceptions, bouncers in Western countries are normally unarmed. Some bouncers may carry weapons such as expandable batons for personal protection, but they may not have
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#17328479183121870-470: Is evident by the reduced number of assaults by bouncers since the introduction of the license. Other terms include "cooler" in the U.S. and "door supervisor" in the U.K. In U.S. bars, "cooler" is often the term for the head bouncer. The "cooler" is expected to have the same ability to respond to physical situations as the rest of the bouncers, but should also have reliable interpersonal skills that can be used to de-escalate situations without violence. In
1955-677: Is found in a number of Mesopotamian myths (and later in Greek myths descended from them), including that of Nergal overcoming the seven doormen guarding the gates to the Underworld. In 1 Chronicles 26 of the Old Testament , the Levitical Temple is described as having a number of 'gatekeepers'—amongst their duties are "protect[ing] the temple from theft", from "illegal entry into sacred areas" and "maintain[ing] order", all functions they share with
2040-424: Is unwanted. Like a regular bouncer, the consent captain warns the person engaging in unwanted behavior that those acts are not tolerated in the venue; if the unwanted acts continue, she may "eventually ask them to leave". The consent captain also checks on people who are intoxicated, to prevent people from taking advantage of their impaired state. Since the consent captain is, in this case, a sexual health educator, she
2125-513: The Journal of Drug Issues examined 182 violent incidents involving crowd controllers (bouncers) that occurred in bars in Toronto, Ontario , Canada. The study indicated that in 12% of the incidents the bouncers had good responses, in 20% of the incidents, the bouncers had a neutral response; and in 36% of the incidents, the bouncers "... responses were rated as bad—that is, the crowd controllers enhanced
2210-1057: The Robert Stigwood Organisation and in the late 1960s, Rik Gunnell took over Robert Stigwood 's offices in New York City and Los Angeles . He also set up an après-ski venue in Kitzbühel , Austria. Rik Gunnell died in 2007. Bouncer (doorman) A bouncer (also known as a door supervisor ) is a type of security guard , employed at licensed or sanctioned venues such as bars , nightclubs , cabaret clubs , strip clubs and casinos . A bouncer's duties are to provide security, to check legal age and drinking age , to refuse entry for intoxicated persons, and to deal with aggressive, violent or verbal behavior or disobedience with statutory or establishment rules. They are also charged with maintaining order, and ensuring all laws and regulations are being followed by all patrons. They are civilians and they are often hired directly by
2295-590: The United Kingdom for example, long-running series of feuds between fan groups like The Blades and groups of bouncers in the 1990s were described by researchers. Bouncers have also been known to be associated with criminal gangs, especially in places like Russia, Hong Kong or Japan, where bouncers may often belong to these groups or have to pay the crime syndicates to be able to operate. In Hong Kong, triad -connected reprisal or intimidation attacks against bouncers have been known to occur. Hong Kong also features
2380-464: The "best of food and drink was served." To maintain the high-class atmosphere at these establishments, male patrons were expected to act like gentlemen; "... if any customer did or said anything out of line, he was asked to leave. A bouncer made sure he did". Bouncers in pre- World War I United States were also sometimes used as the guardians of morality. As ballroom dancing was often considered as an activity which could lead to immoral conduct if
2465-420: The "tough guy" mentality and look of some bouncers, in which they have their sleeves rolled up to show off their biceps and they have their arms crossed, can actually create more potential for fights than a bouncer who greets patrons with a "hello", and is thus approachable. An ability to judge and communicate well with people will reduce the need for physical intervention, while a steady personality will prevent
2550-420: The 1890s, San Diego had a similarly rough waterfront area and red-light district called the ' Stingaree ', where bouncers worked the door at brothels. Prostitutes worked at the area's 120 bawdy houses in small rooms, paying a fee to the procurer who usually was the bouncer or 'protector' of the brothel. The more expensive, higher-class brothels were called "parlour houses", and they were "run most decorously", and
2635-404: The 1990s and 2000s, increased awareness of the risks of lawsuits and criminal charges have led many bars and venues to train their bouncers to use communication and conflict resolution skills before, or rather than, resorting to brute force against troublemakers. However, the earlier history of the occupation suggests that the stereotype of bouncers as rough, tough, physical enforcers has indeed been
Flamingo Club - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-624: The Flamingo , produced by Ian Samwell . Musicians who played at the Flamingo in the 1960s included Dizzy Gillespie , Rod Stewart , Otis Redding , Wilson Pickett , Zoot Money , the Big Roll Band , John Mayall , Eric Clapton , the Rolling Stones , the Moody Blues , the Animals , Chris Farlowe and the Thunderbirds , Mick Fleetwood , Peter Bardens , Shotgun Express , Cream (who formed as
2805-667: The Gass . In January 1966, Gunnell and his brother opened the Ramjam Club, named after Geno Washington's Ramjam Band ) in Brixton High Road, London S.W 9. Otis Redding made his British debut there, and the Animals and the Who played the club as favours to the Gunnells. During 1967, Rik Gunnell managed the artist roster at The Bag O'Nails , Kingly Street , London, W1. Later, the brothers joined
2890-537: The Mapleton Restaurant at 39 Coventry Street , near Leicester Square . Jeffrey Kruger's intention was to provide a centre for high-quality music in comfortable surroundings. It was promoted as Britain's most comfortable club and male visitors were expected to wear ties. The club acquired its name from the song " Flamingo ", which was used as a theme tune by the resident band, Kenny Graham 's Afro-Cubists. Acts were introduced by Tony Hall . The club rapidly gained
2975-569: The Rhein-Main region" in which bar owners are "compelled to hire a bouncer, for 100 euros ($ 128) per hour", to "protect" against damage to their venue from the "wrong" type of patron or violence. In 2008, newspapers reported that some bouncers in London and other northern UK towns were "extorting cash from [club] businesses" by operating protection rackets , in which they offer to sell "protection" to club owners, telling them "you're going to pay us, or else"
3060-642: The TKO Group. He became a leading music promoter and was awarded the MBE in 2002 for services to the music industry. Kruger died in Florida in May 2014, aged 83. Rik and Johnny Gunnell, who took over the club in 1959, later set up a management and booking agency in Soho. Together, they managed artists such as Zoot Money , Geno Washington , Long John Baldry , Cliff Bennett , Fleetwood Mac , John Mayall , Rod Stewart , Slade, and
3145-411: The ability to work "in the moment" and outside of the drudgery of typical jobs were also often cited. The same research has also indicated that the decisions made by bouncers, while seeming haphazard to an outsider, often have a basis in rational logic. The decision to turn certain customers away at the door because of too casual clothing ( face control ) is for example often based on the perception that
3230-413: The above roles at the same time. This can also include CCTV operation and sweeps/patrols of the venue. Although a common stereotype of bouncers is that of the thuggish brute, a good club security staff member requires more than just physical qualities such as strength and size: "The best bouncers don’t "bounce" anyone... they talk to people" (and remind them of the venue rules). Lee Vineyard states that
3315-490: The bar]; only some aches and pains [for the troublemakers]." In the 1880s and 1890s, bouncers were used to maintain order in "The Gut", the roughest part of New York City's Coney Island , which was filled with "ramshackle groups of wooden shanties", bars, cabarets, fleabag hotels and brothels. Huge bouncers patrolled these venues of vice and "roughly ejected anyone who violated the loose rules of decorum" by engaging in pick-pocketing, jewelry thieving, or bloody fights. During
3400-412: The bouncer culture from the outside, the group selected a suitable candidate for covert, long-term research. The man had previously worked as a bouncer before becoming an academic, and while conversant with the milieu, it required some time for him to re-enter bouncing work in a new locality. The study has, however, attracted some criticism due to the fact that the researcher, while fulfilling his duties as
3485-466: The bouncer from being easily provoked by customers. Bouncers need to be able to detect the early warning signs of a potential confrontation with a patron, by observing crowds and individuals and spotting the signs of a "heated" interaction that could become a fight. Bouncers also profit from good written communication skills, because they are often required to document assaults in an incident log or using an incident form. Well-kept incident logs can protect
Flamingo Club - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-400: The case in many countries and cultures throughout history. Historical references also suggest that the 'door supervisor' function of guarding a place and selecting who can have entry to it (the stereotypical task of the modern bouncer) could at times be an honorific and evolve into a relatively important position. The significance of the door supervisor as the person allowing (or barring) entry
3655-518: The case of the British research project, the legally required licensing as a bouncer was also found to be expected by employers before applicants started the job (and as licensing generally excluded people with criminal convictions, this kept out some of the more unstable violent personalities). Bouncers monitor a club or venue to "detect, report and correct any condition inside/outside the club" which could lead to injuries of patrons or staff or to damage of
3740-809: The casual oppression of Christians in Carthage , noted that bouncers were counted as part of a semi-legal underworld, amongst other 'shady' characters such as gamblers and pimps . Within Buddhist lore, the Nio , the twin guardian statues who decorate the entrances of temples, dojos, and various places related with religious importance, are believed to be the embodiment of wrathful deity bodhisattvas such as Vajrapani , Mahasthamaprapta , Vajrasattva , Acala , or various figures within Buddhist legend who accompanied Gautama Buddha during his journeys to spread his teachings to protect him and aid in cases needing justified force. During
3825-442: The club gradually changed. The Flamingo was sometimes described as an intimidating place in the early 1960s, where gangsters, pimps and prostitutes hung out with American servicemen, West Indians, and music fans, and fighting among customers was not unusual. John Mayall described the club as "a very dark and evil-smelling basement.... It had that seedy sort of atmosphere and there was a lot of pill-popping. You usually had to scrape
3910-452: The club or its equipment. A key role for bouncers is communicating information within a club to the venue employees who need to know (e.g., regarding injuries, size of crowd outside, capacity of venue, incidents, etc.). Bouncers answer questions about club policies and procedures while controlling crowds (by asking people not to block entrances, exits, stairwells, and other high-traffic areas). Bouncers lead "injury and emergency procedures" if
3995-414: The club owner's venue may be damaged. In the early 1990s, an Australian government study on violence stated that violent incidents in public drinking locations are caused by the interaction of five factors: aggressive and unreasonable bouncers, groups of male strangers, low comfort (e.g., unventilated, hot clubs), high boredom, and high drunkenness. The research indicated that bouncers did not play as large
4080-408: The club, so that patrons can identify the bouncers. During a fight in a bar, if the bouncers are un-uniformed as they approach the altercation, the fighting patrons may believe that the bouncers who are intervening are other fighting patrons, rather than security staff. Use of force training programs teach bouncers ways to avoid using force and explain what types of force are considered allowable by
4165-553: The courts. Some bars have gone so far as to institute policies barring physical contact, where bouncers are instructed to ask a drunk or disorderly patron to leave—if the patron refuses, the bouncers call police. However, if the police are called too frequently, it can reflect badly on the venue upon renewal of its liquor licence . Another strategy used in some bars is to hire smaller, less threatening or female bouncers, because they may be better able to defuse conflicts than large, intimidating bouncers. The more 'impressive' bouncers, in
4250-425: The cream of the crop, and [the prostitutes working there] scorned those who worked in (or out of) saloons, dance halls, and theatres." The best bordellos looked like respectable mansions, with attractively decorated parlours, a game room and a dance hall. For security, "somewhere in every parlor of the house there was always a bouncer, a giant of a man who stayed sober to handle any customer who got too rough with one of
4335-480: The dancers got too close, some of the more reputable venues had bouncers to remind patrons not to dance closer than nine inches to their partners. The bouncers' warnings tended to consist of light taps on the shoulder at first, and then progressed to sterner remonstrations. In the 1930s, bars in the bawdiest parts of Baltimore, Maryland docks hired bouncers to maintain order and eject aggressive patrons. The Oasis club, operated by Max Cohen, hired "...a lady bouncer by
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#17328479183124420-455: The door for women to enter the profession". However, female bouncers are still a rarity in many countries, such as in India, where two women who became media celebrities in 2008 for being " Punjab 's first female bouncers" were soon sacked again after accusations of unbecoming behaviour. The Victoria Event Center has hired a sexual health educator/intimacy coach who acts as a type of bouncer called
4505-415: The door, and then, lifting his foot by a well-directed kick, landed him across the sidewalk into the street. This proceeding was followed by derisive laughter from the other waiters who had gathered near the door, and it was echoed by two street urchins outside, who witnessed Sam's ignominious exit from the restaurant. Sam staggered from the force of the bouncing, and felt disgraced and humiliated to think that
4590-431: The door. They indicate that male bouncers are respected by some club-goers as the ultimate 'hard men', while at the same time, these bouncers can also be lightning rods for aggression and macho posturing on the part of obnoxious male customers wanting to prove themselves. Bouncing has also started to attract some academic interest as part of ethnographic studies into violent subcultures . Bouncers were selected as one of
4675-428: The employee from any potential criminal charges or lawsuits that later arise from an incident. Bouncers need to be polite when answering questions or controlling crowds. In larger clubs, bouncers need to be able to work with a team of bouncers, which may require the use of radios to stay in contact and communicate (particularly between the inside and outside of a club). In bouncer teams, the bouncers must be aware of
4760-528: The establishment. Some establishments may also assign a bouncer to be responsible for cover charge collections. In the United States, civil liability and court costs related to the use of force by bouncers are "the highest preventable loss found within the [bar] industry", as many United States bouncers are often taken to court and other countries have similar problems of excessive force. In many countries, state governments have taken steps to professionalise
4845-467: The fights caused by Nazis and other potentially violent groups (such as Communists). Such scenes were fictionalised in the movie Cabaret . Hitler surrounded himself with a number of former bouncers such as Christian Weber ; the SS originated as a group designated to protect party meetings. In early Nazi Germany , some bouncers in underground jazz clubs were also hired to screen for Nazi spies, because jazz
4930-438: The girls or didn't want to pay his bill." The "protective presence" of bouncers in high-class brothels was "... one of the reasons the girls considered themselves superior to [lower-class] free-lancers, who lacked any such shepherds." In Wisconsin's lumberjack days, bouncers would physically remove drinkers who were too drunk to keep buying drinks, and thus free up space in the bar for new patrons. The slang term 'snake-room'
5015-462: The groups studied by several English researchers in the 1990s because their culture was seen as "grounded in violence", as well as because the group had increasingly been "demonised", especially in common liberal discourse (see Research section of this article ). In 2006, a German newspaper reported that organized crime is operating bouncer extortion rackets in "Berlin, Hamburg, the Ruhr Valley and
5100-473: The house band included saxophonists Joe Harriott , Tubby Hayes , Ronnie Scott , drummer Tony Kinsey , vibraphonist Bill Le Sage and pianist Tommy Pollard. Over the years, the club succeeded in promoting the best in jazz, rhythm and blues, as well as cross-over genres, mixing successful established acts with up-and-coming artists. Many of the emerging acts that the Flamingo promoted went on to become respected music industry names. The Flamingo became not only
5185-462: The industry by requiring bouncers to have training, licensing, and a criminal records background check. In the United Kingdom, all licensed premises are required to have a Security Industry Authority licensed door supervisor when the venue capacity has been appraised. These operatives go through a one week training regime, and are often more highly skilled than operatives without this training, as
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#17328479183125270-487: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, US saloon-keepers and brothel madams hired bouncers to remove troublesome, violent, or dead-drunk patrons, and to protect the saloon girls and prostitutes. The word "bouncer" was first popularized in a novel by Horatio Alger , called The Young Outlaw , which was first published in 1875. Alger was an immensely popular author in the 19th century, especially with young people and his books were widely quoted. In Chapter XIV, entitled "Bounced",
5355-415: The laws and customs of the country. In Australia, the number of complaints and lawsuits against venues due to the behaviour of their bouncers has been credited with turning many establishments to using former police officers to head their in-house security, instead of hiring private firms. In 2007, a bouncer firm in Toronto stated that a major issue for his bouncers is the risk of being charged with assault if
5440-440: The likelihood of violence but were themselves not violent." Finally, "... in almost one-third of incidents, 31 per cent, the crowd controllers' responses were rated as ugly. The controllers' actions involved gratuitous aggression, harassment of patrons and provocative behaviour." At least one major ethnographic study also observed bouncing from within, as part of a British project to study violent subcultures. Beyond studying
5525-400: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flamingo_Club&oldid=752045174 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Flamingo Club (London) The Flamingo Club was
5610-441: The location of the other bouncers, and ensure that when one bouncer relocates (e.g., to go to the bathroom), a gap is not left in the venue security. However, UK research from the 1990s also indicates that a major part of both the group identity and the job satisfaction of bouncers is related to their self image as a strongly masculine person who is capable of dealing with – and dealing out – violence; their employment income plays
5695-428: The modern concept of the bouncer, though the described temple servants also serve as holy persons and administrators themselves (it is noted that some administrative function is still present in today's bouncing in the higher position of the supervisor). Door supervisors or bouncers are usually larger persons who display great strength and size. The Romans had a position known as the ostiarius (doorkeeper), initially
5780-591: The name of Mickey Steele, a six-foot acrobat from the Pennsylvania coal fields. Mickey was always considerate of the people she bounced; first asking them where they lived and then throwing them in that general direction. She was succeeded by a character known as 'Machine-Gun Butch' who was a long-time bouncer at the club". In the Weimar Republic in the Germany of the 1920s and early 1930s, doormen protected venues from
5865-624: The often tense environments they are supposed to supervise, are also often challenged by aggressive males wanting to prove their machismo . Large and intimidating bouncers, whilst providing an appearance of strong security, may also drive customers away in cases where a more relaxed environment is desired. In addition, female security staff, apart from having fewer problems searching female patrons for drugs or weapons and entering women's washrooms to check for illegal activities, are also considered as better able to deal with drunk or aggressive women. In Australia, for example, women comprise almost 20% of
5950-434: The patron was drunk or using aggressive language. In The United Kingdom, the definition of an assault is very particularly defined. Door supervisors may have to use physical force in the course of their duties. Such force must be no more than is reasonable and necessary (the minimum force necessary). If deemed otherwise they may be liable for assault charges, otherwise, if it is deemed reasonable proportionate and necessary to
6035-435: The person will be more willing to fight (compared to someone dressed in expensive attire). Many similar decisions taken by a bouncer during the course of a night are also being described as based on experience rather than just personality. Movies often depict bouncers physically throwing patrons out of clubs and restraining drunk customers with headlocks, which has led to a popular misconception that bouncers have (or reserve)
6120-559: The premises have formed part of a branch of O'Neill's Irish-themed pub chain. The upper floors of the same building were used for the Whisky A Go Go club, renamed the WAG Club by entrepreneur Chris Sullivan in October 1982, which closed in 2001. In the early days of the club, artists such as Sarah Vaughan , Ella Fitzgerald and in 1954 Billie Holiday , all performed there. Early line-ups of
6205-496: The recruitment process, which was mainly by word of mouth as opposed to typical job recruitment, and also depended heavily on previous familiarity with violence. This does not extend to the prospective bouncer himself having to have a reputation for violence—rather a perception was needed that he could deal with it if required. Various other elements, such as body language or physical looks (muscles, shaved heads) were also described as often expected for entry into bouncing—being part of
6290-433: The right to use physical force freely. However, in many countries bouncers have no legal authority to use physical force more freely than any other civilian—meaning they are restricted to reasonable levels of force used in self defense , to eject drunk or aggressive patrons refusing to leave a venue, or when restraining a patron who has committed an offence until police arrive. Lawsuits are possible if injuries occur, even if
6375-407: The saloon "bouncer" was generally on hand to discourage [those with too] hearty appetites". In the late 19th century, bouncers at small town dances and bars physically resolved disputes and removed troublemakers, without worrying about lawsuits. In the main bar in one Iowa town, "...there were many quarrels, many fights, but all were settled on the spot. There were no court costs [for the bouncers or
6460-399: The security industry and increasingly work the door as well, using "a smile, chat and a friendly but firm demeanor" to resolve tense situations. Nearly one in nine of Britain's nightclub bouncers are also women, with the UK's 2003 Licensing Act giving the authorities "discretionary power to withhold a venue's licence if it does not employ female door staff". This is credited with having "opened
6545-412: The symbolic 'narratives of intimidation' that set bouncers apart in their work environment. Training on the job was described as very limited, with the new bouncers being 'thrown into the deep end'—the fact that they had been accepted for the job in the first place including the assessment that they should know what they are doing (though informal observation of a beginner's behaviour was commonplace). In
6630-425: The threat faced - the door supervisor will not face any charges. With civil liability and court costs related to the use of force as "the highest preventable loss found within the industry..." (US) and bars being "sued more often for using unnecessary or excessive force than for any other reason" (Canada), substantial costs may be incurred by indiscriminate violence against patrons—though this depends heavily on
6715-480: The trust of his peers while shying away from the use of force. As part of the study it eventually became clear that bouncers themselves were similarly and constantly weighing up the limits and uses of their participation in violence. The research however found that instead of being a part of the occupation, violence itself was the defining characteristic, a "culture created around violence and violent expectation". The bouncing culture's insular attitudes also extended to
6800-416: The venue for a "who's who" of British rock and R&B, but also visiting American artists such as Stevie Wonder , Bill Haley , Patti LaBelle , John Lee Hooker and Jerry Lee Lewis . This melting pot of music-industry talent often led to memorable jam sessions . From 1962 to 1965, the resident band was Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames , who in 1963 recorded a live album at the club, Rhythm and Blues at
6885-413: The venue, rather than by a security firm throughout the Western world and particularly in the U.S. Bouncers are often required where crowd size, clientele or alcohol consumption may make arguments or fights a possibility, or where the threat or presence of criminal gang activity or violence is high. At some clubs, bouncers are also responsible for " face control ", choosing who is allowed to patronize
6970-683: The waiter who had been so respectful and attentive should have inflicted upon him such an indignity, which he had no power to resent. An 1883 newspaper article stated that " 'The Bouncer' is merely the English 'chucker out'. When liberty verges on license and gaiety on wanton delirium, the Bouncer selects the gayest of the gay, and—bounces him!" In US Western towns in the 1870s, high-class brothels known as "good houses" or "parlour houses" hired bouncers for security and to prevent patrons from evading payment. "Good house"-style brothels "... considered themselves
7055-451: Was considered a "degenerate" form of music by the Nazi party. Later during the Nazi regime, bouncers also increasingly barred non-German people (such as foreign workers) from public functions, such as 'German' dances at dance halls. Bouncers also often come into conflict with football hooligans , due to the tendency of groups of hooligans to congregate at pubs and bars before and after games. In
7140-460: Was the real meeting place, more than the 100 Club and the Marquee . Everybody came down there and we had some really good jam sessions ." Through the resulting melting pot of music, fashion and social cross-culture, the Flamingo played a small but important part in the breakdown of racial prejudice in post-war British society and the club was one of the first UK venues to introduce ska music to
7225-449: Was used to describe a "...room off a saloon, usually two or three steps down, into which a bar-keeper or the bouncer could slide drunk lumber-jacks head first through swinging doors from the bar-room." In the late 19th century, until Prohibition, bouncers also had the unusual role of protecting the saloon's buffet. To attract business, "...many saloons lured customers with offers of a " free lunch "—usually well salted to inspire drinking, and
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