Dow (Dov, Dob) Ber (Beer, Berisz, Berush) Meisels (1798 – 17 March 1870) was a Chief Rabbi of Kraków (Cracow) from 1832 and later, Chief Rabbi of Warsaw (from 1856). He was active in the Polish nationalist movement, and was a politician in the Austrian partition of Poland and (later) in the Russian partition . A vocal supporter of Polish-Jewish cooperation, he supported the cause of Polish independence, for which he was persecuted by the Russian government.
34-950: Surname list Meisel or Meisels is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Dow Ber Meisels (1798–1870), Polish Orthodox rabbi Edmund Meisel , German composer Elazar Meisels, an American Orthodox rabbi Hilde Meisel , (1914–1945), German Resistance fighter and writer John Meisel , (born 1923), Canadian political scientist, professor, and scholar Mordecai Meisel , (1528—1601), philanthropist and communal leader in Prague Samuel J. Meisels (born 1945), American expert on early childhood assessment and child development Steven Meisel (fashion photographer ) Vogue Tamar Meisels , Israeli political theorist Wilhelm Meisel , (1891–1974), German admiral during World War II See also [ edit ] Meisel family [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
68-533: A banker and rabbi in Kraków. He supported the cause of Polish independence, providing weapons for the insurgents in the November Uprising ; some sources even describe him as a Polish patriot or nationalist. In 1832 he would become Kraków's Chief Rabbi, though he was not recognized by the entire community, a considerable part of which adhered to his opponent, Saul Landau . He occupied the Kraków rabbinate for nearly
102-423: A garrison, with beatings and instances of women getting killed by them in drunken rages. Sex slaves were obliged to drink with the clients as a general rule. Officers had their own brothels under the chief of police (1888–1895), known sex connoisseur Nikolai Kleigels ( Russian : Николай Клейгельс ) who was selling young Polish girls dressed in exotic costumes for 10 roubles a visit. The girls were categorized by
136-613: A policeman for directions. In 1909, a gendarme chief was severely wounded in an ambush in Warsaw. In 1910, a bomb exploded at the Grodzisk station, killing or wounding several gendarmes. Ukrainians were officially considered "part of the Russian people " and at the time mostly referred to as Little Russians . Since they were seen as Russians they were not discriminated against at the individual level and (if they could speak Russian ) any career
170-438: A quarter of a century. Meisels always took a conspicuous part in the civic life of his place of residence; and in the stormy times of 1846 (see Kraków Uprising ) he was chosen one of the twelve senators of the Kraków city council . In 1848 he was elected, with the aid of Catholic votes, to represent the city in the provisional Austrian Reichsrath (Austrian parliament), meeting at Kremsier , Vienna . He took his seat among
204-568: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Dow Ber Meisels Dow Ber Meisels was the son of Isaac from the Silesian town of Szczekociny , though the Meisels family came from Kraków 's Jewish community; he also lived as a youth in Kamianets-Podilskyi , where his father was a rabbi . After marrying the daughter of the wealthy Solomon Bornstein of Wieliczka , he settled as
238-636: The Duchy of Warsaw (a French client state in a personal union under Saxony ), most of which was then reconstituted as the Kingdom of Poland within the Russian Empire in 1815. To both Russians and Poles, the term Russian Poland was not acceptable. To the Russians after partition, Poland ceased to exist, and their newly acquired territories were considered the long lost parts of Mother Russia . To Poles, Poland
272-693: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ). The first Russian partition took place in the late 17th century when the forced Treaty of Andrusovo signed in 1667 granted Russia the Commonwealth's territory in the Eastern Ukraine . Under the Third Partition of Poland Russia acquired Courland , all Lithuanian territory east of the Nieman River , and the remaining parts of Volhynian Ukraine . Major historical events of
306-718: The January Uprising , broke out. This time, the Carmelite friars who helped the insurgents were sent on death marches to Siberia chained by their necks together. The January Uprising lead to the Kingdom's autonomy being drastically reduced, and its renaming as Vistula Land . There is debate as to whether the Kingdom of Poland , as a state, was formally replaced by the Vistula Land . Towns were stripped of their charters in reprisal and turned into villages. The Russian Partition of Poland
340-737: The Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907) resulted in the general improvement of the situation soon before the dissolution of the Empire. Some major political parties of the Second Polish Republic developed around that time in the Russian partition (ex. Polish Socialist Party ). The New York Times noted some aspects of society that were still "risky" or "distressing" in 1907. Police units sometimes feared being stabbed or shot, while civilians sometimes feared being imprisoned while merely asking
374-694: The Russian Empire . The territories of the Russian Partition saw very moderate economic growth over time. No business activity could take place without bribing the Tsarist officials first. Much of the output of the Polish Partition was exported to Russia proper, especially after the border between Congress Poland and Russia was abolished in 1851. The emancipation reform of 1861 was a major step towards industrialization and urbanization . Particularly,
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#1732855669738408-487: The surname Meisel . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meisel&oldid=1176255865 " Categories : Surnames Surnames of Jewish origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
442-589: The Commonwealth: It consisted of 9 guberniyas : six Belarusian and Lithuanian ones that constituted the Northwestern Krai ( Vilna Governorate , Kovno Governorate , Grodno Governorate , Minsk Governorate , Mogilev Governorate and Vitebsk Governorate ) and three Ukrainian ones that constituted the Southwestern Krai ( Volhynia Governorate , Podolia Governorate and Kiev Governorate ). In
476-604: The Jews to sympathize with the Polish cause. He accompanied the Archbishop of Warsaw at the funeral of victims of the first disturbances and marched with Father Wyszyński at the head of a delegation to city hall. Later he was appointed by the Russian vice-regent a member of Warsaw's provisional municipal council; but he remained loyal to the Polish patriotic cause, which likely protected Warsaw's Jewish population by improving their relations with
510-518: The Polish community. For his support of Polish demonstrators, in 1861 he was arrested by the Russians and expelled from the city. Meisels was invited to settle in London ; but in 1862 he was permitted to return to Warsaw, where he remained until his death. Meisels actively aided the Polish January 1863 Uprising , supporting it in his speeches and organizing financial aid for the insurgents. For this he
544-523: The Russian Empire created a separate entity called Congress Poland out of some of the above governorates. See administrative division of Congress Poland for details. Territories in the Russian partition which were not incorporated into Congress Poland were officially known as the Western Krai , and in Poland as the taken lands ( Polish : ziemie zabrane ). The Western Krai comprised the following lands of
578-463: The Russian Partition included the Warsaw Uprising (1794) soon after Kościuszko's victory at Racławice . It ended up in the massacre of Praga district of Warsaw , in which the Russian imperial army killed up to 20,000 civilians in reprisal or revenge, regardless of gender and age. "The whole of Praga was strewn with dead bodies, blood was flowing in streams" wrote Suvorov himself. In 1807,
612-440: The Russian authorities as either inexpensive, medium-priced, or exclusive based on age, beauty and demeanour. In all cities with the Russian garrisons, army-licensed brothels were required to provide so-called "patriotic duty" to their regiments by giving one free visit per soldier, at least once a week. The battalions of 186 men each, divided into 9 companies, were taken to brothels under the command of an infantry sergeant. Each girl
646-401: The aftermath of the November Uprising (1830–1831) and later, the January Uprising of 1863–1864. Many Poles were exiled to Siberia , some 80,000 of them in 1864 in the single largest deportation action commenced by the empire. Polish language was discriminated against, and it lost its official status. "Books were burned; churches destroyed; priests murdered;" wrote Norman Davies . There
680-506: The complete loss of Poland 's and Lithuania 's sovereignty, with their territories split between Russia, Prussia and Austria . The majority of Lithuania's former territory was annexed by the Russian Empire, except for Užnemunė [ lt ] (a geographical area on the left bank of the River Neman ) which was annexed by Prussia. The Napoleonic Wars saw significant parts of Prussia's and Austria's partitions reconstituted as
714-409: The first partition, Russia gained 92,000 km and 1.3 million people. In the second, 250,000 km and 1 million people. In the third, 120,000 km and 1.2 million people. Overall, Russia had gained about 62 percent of the former Commonwealth territory (462,000 km ) and about 45 percent of the population (3.5 million people). The Russian partition was thus the largest and most populous of
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#1732855669738748-616: The former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that were annexed by the Russian Empire in the course of late-18th-century Partitions of Poland . The Russian acquisition encompassed the largest share of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's population, living on 463,200 km (178,800 sq mi) of land constituting the eastern and central territory of the former Commonwealth. The three partitions, which took place in 1772, 1793 and 1795, resulted in
782-515: The last three or four decades before World War I saw significant economic development and urbanization. However, in many areas of the economy, development stalled. The Russian Empire divided the former territories of the Commonwealth it obtained ( Rech Pospolitaya in Russian) by creating or enlarging the following guberniyas (Tsarist governorates, or provinces). After the Congress of Vienna in 1815,
816-546: The radicals, and when the president expressed his surprise at seeing a rabbi seated on the "left," Meisels replied, " Juden haben keine Rechte " ("Jews have no right"). In 1856 Meisels became rabbi of Warsaw (in the Russian-ruled sector of Poland), where he soon won the respect and confidence of the entire population. In 1861, during the riots and excesses that preceded the January 1863 Uprising , he did all in his power to induce
850-540: The territory returned to Russia with the Tsar taking the title of King of Poland . The protectorate was gradually integrated into Russia over the course of the 19th century. Notwithstanding, the relentless Russian exploitation activities led to the 1830–1831 November Uprising which took place in the heartland of partitioned Poland, forming a government . Its subsequent defeat resulted in a new wave of Tsarist mass repressions and punitive actions. In 1863–1864 another insurrection,
884-683: The text as Ḥiddushe MaHaRDaM. One of his sons, Israel Meisels, was dayyan in Kraków and rabbi of Siedlce , Poland, from 1858 to 1867. A second son, Salomon Meisels, lived in Vienna. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Herman Rosenthal and Peter Wiernik (1901–1906). "MEISELS, DOB BERUSH B. ISAAC" . In Singer, Isidore ; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Inline: Russian partition The Russian Partition ( Polish : zabór rosyjski ), sometimes called Russian Poland , constituted
918-517: The victorious Napoleon formed the Duchy of Warsaw after his War of the Fourth Coalition against Prussia and Russia. The new Duchy was held in personal union by King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony . However, the Duchy was dissolved after just a few years following the 1815 Congress of Vienna , and all its territory returned to its previous rulers. The Tsarist Kingdom of Poland was established in
952-497: Was again expelled by the Russian authorities, this time for several years. After his return, he would be under constant supervision by the Russians. He died in Warsaw on 17 March 1870. After his funeral, which turned into a large Polish-Jewish anti-Russian demonstration, the Russian government forbade obituaries of him to be printed. Meisels was the author of novellæ on the Sefer ha-Miẓwot of Maimonides , which appeared together with
986-656: Was made an official province of the Russian Empire in 1867. In the early 20th century, a major part of the Russian Revolution of 1905 was the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907) . The return to Poland's independence was a result of the First World War on the Polish lands (1914–1918), the overthrow of the Tsarist regime, and the defeat of the Central Powers in 1918. The Russification policies were harsh, and there were many repressions, particularly in
1020-427: Was no education in the Polish language, and publications in Polish were few. The only elementary schools were constantly underfinanced. The city of Warsaw under the Tsarist rule resembled a military base with exclusively Russian stores and clubs as well as 12 Russian garrisons in the city, equipped with newly built horse stables, and amenities like laundry shacks, and cabbage pickleries. Polish stores – where Russian
1054-437: Was not being spoken – were routinely denied a license. Polish names were removed even from botanical signs. Hunger and poverty were rampant with record number of women forced to work at the Russian military brothels, of which there were some 185 in total, including 16 official ones (1884). In cheap army brothels sex could be bought for as little as 30 kopecks (less than 1/3 of a rouble); one woman for every 30 Russians stationed at
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1088-538: Was open to them. Nonetheless, in 1804 Ukrainian as a subject and language of instruction was banned from schools. A following 1863 ban on Ukrainian books led to Alexander II 's secret Ems Ukaz , which prohibited publication and importation of most Ukrainian-language books, public performances and lectures, and even banned the printing of Ukrainian texts accompanying musical scores. Ukrainians living in Austria-Hungary were given more rights than Ukrainians living in
1122-422: Was required to service 20-21 members of a battalion, after which she would be allowed to take other men to make money in order to buy food. Jewish girls were especially vulnerable due to the totality of the tsarist official antisemitism including mass expulsions of Litvaks commanded by Alexander III of Russia which led to desperation and hunger. There was nonetheless growth in the national consciousness, and
1156-498: Was simply Polish, never Russian. While the Russians used varying administrative names for their new territories ( see below ), another popular term, used in Poland and adopted by most other historiographies, was the Russian Partition . Even before the partitions from the late 18th century, the Russian Empire had already acquired some territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (a real union of Kingdom of Poland with
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