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102-866: Masterton ( Māori : Whakaoriori ) is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District (a territorial authority or local-government district). It is the largest town in the Wairarapa , a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 39.4 kilometres south of Eketāhuna . Masterton has an urban population of 23,200, and

204-421: A Ngāti Porou chief who had invaded Heretaunga with the help of Ngāti Maru . After the arrival of Te Heuheu's war party, Tangiteruru abandoned the pā. However it was swiftly reoccupied by Te Pareihe , a young chief of Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti. Te Heuheu laid siege to the pā but failed to capture it. After his brother was killed in a skirmish at nearby Waimarama, Te Heuheu abandoned his siege of Roto-a-Tara and raided

306-576: A war in the sixteenth of seventeenth centuries. Over time, some Ngāti Kahungunu hapū settled in the Wairarapa region, finding a relatively peaceful existence there until the arrival of European settlers. When Rākei-hikuroa departed for Heretaunga, Rakai-pāka and his sister Hinemanuhiri remained in the Gisborne area, but they were subsequently defeated in battle and migrated south to the northern Hawke's Bay , where his descendants settled at Nūhaka and became

408-518: A whakapapa link to a hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu are eligible to vote. The chairperson of the board of trustees usually represents the iwi in political affairs. In accordance with the constitution of Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Inc, the board of trustees consists of ten tangata whenua representatives: The board employs a General Manager and staff, which oversees the operational affairs of the iwi organisation. General Managers have included Labour member of parliament Meka Whaitiri . An asset holding company

510-464: A bachelor's or higher degree, 199,524 (46.3%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 82,521 (19.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. Over three-quarters of the 550,600 people (June 2024) reside in the four cities at the southwestern corner. Other main centres of population are on the Kāpiti Coast and in the fertile farming areas close to the upper Ruamahanga River in

612-703: A challenge to Kahungunu, insulting his charismatic reputation and inviting him to prove himself worthy of her. Kahungunu accepted the challenge, murdered her husband and, after numerous trials, succeeded in obtaining Rongomaiwahine's consent to marry. The iwi Ngāti Kahungunu and Ngāti Rongomaiwahine both descend from this marriage. The eldest son of Kahungunu and Rongomaiwahine was named Kahukura-nui . His children included two sons, Rākei-hikuroa and Rakai-pāka . Rākei-hikuroa wanted his favourite son Tū-purupuru to be pre-eminent chief over Ngāti Kahungunu. The twin sons of his nephew Kahutapere seemed to threaten this plan, so they were murdered. Kahutapere defeated Rakei-hikuroa at

714-719: A chief from Ngāpuhi who had settled on the Māhia Peninsula . Together, their forces retook Te Roto-a-Tara pā from Ngāi Te Upokoiri, who had occupied the fortress island after Te Pareihe escaped to Pōrangahau. But when news reached the alliance that a huge coalition of Waikato and Tuwharetoa warriors were amassing to attack Heretaunga, Te Wera agreed to protect Te Pareihe and the Ngāti Kahungunu at his fortress settlement in Māhia. Hence, in late 1823, Te Pareihe led an exodus of Ngāti Kahungunu refugees from Heretaunga to Māhia, setting off from

816-530: A crushing victory over Te Whānau-ā-Apanui at the Battle of Whāwhāpō. After this, Ngāti Kahungunu's position in the northern Hawkes' Bay was secure. Later Te Kahu-o-te-rangi attempted to kill Te-O-Tane, but failed and they eventually reconciled. In 1807, the Musket Wars broke out as chiefs from the northern Ngāpuhi , now equipped with firearms, launched attacks on weaker tribes to the south. The ongoing conflict reached

918-527: A district population of 29,700 (June 2024). Masterton businesses includes services for surrounding farmers . Three new industrial parks are being developed in Waingawa, Solway and Upper Plain. The town functions as the headquarters of the annual Golden Shears sheep-shearing competition. Masterton suburbs include: Masterton was founded in 1854 by the Small Farms Association. The association

1020-692: A free community title, Wairarapa Midweek. The Wairarapa Times-Age is the only daily newspaper based in Masterton. Formed by a merger between the Wairarapa Age and the Wairarapa Daily Times on 1 April 1938, The Wairarapa Times-Age has an audited paid circulation of 5,427. The Wairarapa Times-Age is owned by Stuff Group which bought the Wairarapa Times-Age from National Media Limited in May 2024. Piers Fuller

1122-587: A hapu basis. Because of this, Ngāti Kahungunu has seven separate entities that have (or are in the process of) received their Treaty settlements to govern for their respective affiliate hapu and whanau. This is contrary to a centralised iwi entity that has more power than its hapu/hapu collectives. Radio Kahungunu is the official station of Ngāti Kahungunu. It began as Tairawhiti Polytechnic training station Te Toa Takitini 2XY, making two short-term broadcasts on 1431 AM in December 1988, and October and November 1989. It

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1224-488: A number of Māori leaders responded by committing the support of their respective hapū and iwi . Alumni of the Young Māori Party , some of whom were now parliamentarians, were generally in favour of Māori enlistment and were involved in recruitment campaigns. Āpirana Ngata and Maui Pomare were the most aggressive proponents of Māori enlistment, and in Ngāti Kahungunu they received the support of Paraire Tomoana , who

1326-407: A population density of 13 people per km. The Masterton urban area covers 22.45 km (8.67 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 23,200 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,033 people per km. Masterton District had a population of 27,678 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 2,121 people (8.3%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 4,326 people (18.5%) since

1428-667: A proficient strategist in the struggle for dominance of the region, displacing the Whatumamoa , Rangitāne , Ngāti Awa , and elements of the Ngāti Tara iwi, which lived in Petane, Te Whanganui-a-Orotu and Waiohiki. Within Taraia's lifetime, Heretaunga was brought under the control of his people, who became the first of the Ngāti Kahungunu in that area. The descendants of Rākei-hikuroa split into various hapū. Allegiances shifted, and Māori geopolitics in

1530-457: A result there are many North Island hapū that trace their lineage directly back to Kahungunu. Many of his marriages were arranged for diplomatic purposes, uniting various iwi against their enemies, forming bonds and securing peace. At some point, Kahungunu arrived at Māhia Peninsula , where he pursued and married Rongomaiwahine , a woman from Nukutaurua who was a chief in her own right. She was famously beautiful, and according to legend had issued

1632-477: A strong resistance in the ensuing battle that Te Heuheu and Te Whatanui were thrown back in total defeat, with the loss of over 500 chiefs. Te Pareihe abandoned Te Roto-a-Tara after the battle and moved to Pōrangahau . Although he had beaten back a superior force at Te Roto-a-Tara, Te Pareihe knew that the defence of Heretaunga was unsustainable without the advantage of firearms. He and fellow Ngāti Kahungunu chief Tiakitai forged an alliance with Te Wera Hauraki ,

1734-478: A time the main line from Wellington to the north of New Zealand, and its arrival cemented the town's position as the Wairarapa region's main market and distribution centre. Waipoua timber mill was producing butter boxes as early as 1884. In April 1965, one of the country's worst industrial accidents occurred at the General Plastics Factory on 170 Dixon Street. During World War II two battalions of

1836-534: Is a Māori iwi located along the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The iwi is traditionally centred in the Hawke's Bay and Wairārapa regions. The Kahungunu iwi also comprises 86 hapū (sub-tribes) and 90 marae (meeting grounds). The tribe is organised into six geographical and administrative divisions: Wairoa , Te Whanganui-ā-Orotū , Heretaunga , Tamatea , Tāmaki-nui-a Rua and Wairarapa . It

1938-659: Is a current editor. The Wairarapa Midweek, a weekly community paper with an audited circulation of 21,186, is distributed every Wednesday along with the TA Property. The Wairarapa Times Age building at 70 Chapel Street no longer holds the presses, and the space was used by the nascent Masterton Fab lab which has now relocated to UCOL. Fairfax NZ owned The Post is widely circulated in the Masterton district. The Wellington-based metropolitan daily newspaper has an office, Media House, at 123 Chapel Street in Masterton. The Dominion-Post has an audited paid circulation of 55,496. Masterton

2040-515: Is added to neutralise the pH to protect the pipes. There is a fluoride-free drinking water tap in Manuka Reserve in Manuka Street. Typhoid epidemics broke out each year in Masterton and in 1896 Parliament approved a Borough Council loan to build a drainage and water supply system. Work on the water supply did not begin until 1899 delayed by disagreements over the appropriate sources for water. It

2142-469: Is affiliated with the iwi of Ngāti Kahungunu and its hapū of Kahukuraawhitia , Kahukuranui , Ngāti Te Hina , Tahu o Kahungunu , Tamahau and Whiunga , and with the iwi of Rangitāne , and its hapū of Hinetearorangi , Ngāi Tamahau , Ngāti Hāmua , Ngāti Taimahu , Ngāti Tangatakau , Ngāti Te Noti , Ngāti Te Raetea and Ngāti Te Whātui . In October 2020, the Government committed $ 2,179,654 from

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2244-765: Is part of the Wairarapa general electorate and the Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Māori electorate. Applications for local government reorganisation from the Greater Wellington Regional Council and the Wairarapa district councils in mid-2013 led to a proposal from the Local Government Commission for a region-wide unitary authority. In June 2015, the Commission decided not to proceed with this proposal due to lack of public support. Instead, because about 40 per cent of submissions suggested alternatives to

2346-482: Is said to have coined the name Ngāti Kahungunu in the next generation, shortly before he was killed in an attack led by Te Whānau-ā-Apanui. The west and east banks of the Wairoa were split between the brothers Tapuwae Poharutanga o Tukutuku and Te Maaha, who fought one another, but were subsequently re-joined through intermarriage. In the late eighteenth century, their children, led by Te Kahu-o-te-rangi and Te-O-Tane , won

2448-716: Is serviced by one local radio station. Wairarapa's MORE FM 89.5 or 105.9 for the coastal frequency. MORE FM broadcasts locally from 6am to 10am daily from studios in Kuripuni . The station was founded by controversial Broadcaster Paul Henry, as TODAY FM 89.3 in Carterton, in 1991. Later the station was rebranded as Hitz 89FM, Wairarapa's Best Music. The MORE FM Breakfast Show has been hosted by well-known local broadcaster, Brent Gare, since 2004. The Saturday sports show at 8am has been hosted by local sports-caster Chris "Coggie" Cogdale since 1992. Television coverage reached Masterton in 1963, after

2550-654: Is the 4th largest iwi in New Zealand by population, with 82,239 people identifying as Ngāti Kahungunu in the 2018 census . Ngāti Kahungunu trace their origins to the Tākitimu waka, one of the Māori migration canoes which arrived on New Zealand's North Island around 1100–1200 AD, according to Ngāti Kahungunu traditions. According to local legend, Tākitimu and its crew were completely tapu . Its crew comprised men only: high chiefs, chiefs, tohunga and elite warriors. No cooked food

2652-475: Is the only intermediate school in Masterton (and the Wairarapa), bridging the gap between the state contributing primary schools and the secondary schools. Two state secondary schools serve Masterton: Wairarapa College is the largest of the two with 1050 students, serving the western side of the town, while Makoura College with 320 students serves the eastern side of town. Four state-integrated schools also serve

2754-726: The 2013 census . There were 13,401 males, 14,175 females and 102 people of other genders in 10,911 dwellings. 2.7% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 42.7 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 5,127 people (18.5%) aged under 15 years, 4,635 (16.7%) aged 15 to 29, 11,637 (42.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 6,276 (22.7%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 83.7% European ( Pākehā ); 22.6% Māori ; 4.6% Pasifika ; 5.1% Asian ; 0.5% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

2856-737: The 2018 census , and an increase of 3,360 people (18.4%) since the 2013 census . There were 10,323 males, 11,205 females and 78 people of other genders in 8,631 dwellings. 2.9% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 41.3 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 4,023 people (18.6%) aged under 15 years, 3,810 (17.6%) aged 15 to 29, 8,832 (40.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 4,941 (22.9%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 81.0% European ( Pākehā ); 25.1% Māori ; 5.3% Pasifika ; 6.1% Asian ; 0.5% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

2958-509: The 2018 census , and an increase of 49,656 people (10.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 253,278 males, 263,691 females and 4,002 people of other genders in 196,230 dwellings. 5.7% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 37.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 89,685 people (17.2%) aged under 15 years, 109,104 (20.9%) aged 15 to 29, 241,272 (46.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 80,916 (15.5%) aged 65 or older. Of those at least 15 years old, 113,526 (26.3%) people had

3060-729: The British Commonwealth Occupation Force , before it was disbanded in January 1946. Wiremu Te Tau Huata was a well known officer from Ngāti Kahungunu, having served as the Māori Battalion 's military chaplain. By 1946 only a small percentage of land in the Ngāti Kahungunu region had been retained by Māori, and the traditional agrarian communities at the core of Māori society were beginning to break down as returned servicemen found employment and settled in urban areas, such as Wairoa , Napier , Hastings , and Masterton . By

3162-548: The Interislander and Bluebridge ferry services which operate across Cook Strait between Wellington and Picton in the South Island , and it provides support for cruise ships that visit Wellington each year. CentrePort is majority-owned by Greater Wellington Regional Council, with a 77% shareholding. From 2005 to 2015 there has been increase in the variety and number of native forest bird species, as well as an increase in

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3264-542: The New Zealand Parliament and was therefore dissolved in favour of local Māori Councils, which were established in 1900. At the outset of the 20th century, a new generation of Māori leaders were beginning to participate in the Ngāti Kahungunu political landscape. Te Aute College had opened in 1854 near Hastings , and in the 1880s and 1890s it was attended by Āpirana Ngata , Maui Pomare , Te Rangi Hīroa (Sir Peter Buck), and Paraire Tomoana . In 1897 they formed

3366-524: The Ngāti Rakaipaaka hapū. Four generations later, their chief Te Huki solidified the hapū's position throughout the region with a series of diplomatic marriages, a process referred to as "setting the net of Te Huki," but was killed by Te Whānau-ā-Apanui . Hinemanuhiri's son Tama-te-rangi took control of the Wairoa River valley from Ngāi Tauira and established Ngāi Tamaterangi . The chief Kotore

3468-714: The Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Ngāi Tumapuhia a Rangi ki Okautete , Motuwairaka , Pāpāwai , Kohunui , Hurunui o Rangi and Te Oreore marae. The projects were expected to create 19.8 full time jobs. Another local marae, Ākura Marae, is affiliated with the Ngāti Kahungunu hapū of Ngāti Te Ahuahu and Ngāti Te Hina . and with the Rangitāne hapū of Ngāti Mātangiuru and Ngāti Te Hina . Masterton District covers 2,300.21 km (888.12 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 29,700 as of June 2024, with

3570-550: The United States Marine Corps were stationed in Masterton. In essence, providing support services for rural industry – living off the sheep's back – Masterton's real growth ended with that sector's retrenchment after the 1974 British entry to the trade and political grouping now the European Union . Efforts to decentralise industry to New Zealand's provinces gave Masterton a print works and some other industries, but

3672-689: The Wairoa District , containing the area south of the Wharerata Ranges at Poverty Bay , including the Wairoa River and the Mahia Peninsula . There are twenty-six hapū: Te Whanganui-a-Orotū covers the area roughly from the Mohaka River down to the Ngaruroro River (i.e. the northern part of Hastings District plus Napier ). There are fifteen hapū: Heretaunga is roughly equivalent to

3774-678: The conurbation around the capital city , Wellington , and the cities of Lower Hutt , Porirua , and Upper Hutt , each of which has a rural hinterland; it extends up the west coast of the North Island, taking in the coastal settlements of the Kāpiti Coast District ; east of the Remutaka Range it includes three largely rural districts containing most of Wairarapa , covering the towns of Masterton , Carterton , Greytown , Featherston and Martinborough . The Wellington Regional Council

3876-445: The 1950s. The power board, then named Wairarapa Electricity, dissolved following the 1998 electricity sector reforms. The retail business was sold to Genesis Energy and the distribution lines business sold to Powerco . Today Powerco continues to operate the local distribution network in the town and surrounding district with electricity fed from Transpower 's national grid at its Masterton substation in Waingawa. Masterton Gas Company

3978-574: The 2013 census did not have access to a car, compared to 7.9 percent for the whole of New Zealand. The number of households with more than one car is also the lowest: 44.4 percent compared to 54.5 percent nationally. The main port in the region is located in Wellington Harbour . CentrePort Wellington manages cargo passing through the port including containers, logs, vehicles and other bulk cargo. Fuel imports are managed at wharves at Seaview and Miramar . The company also leases wharf facilities to

4080-488: The 2013 census, around 25.3 percent of the Wellington region's population was born overseas, second only to Auckland (39.1 percent) and on par with the New Zealand average (25.2 percent). The British Isles is the largest region of origin, accounting for 36.5 percent of the overseas-born population in the region. Significantly, the Wellington region is home to over half of New Zealand's Tokelauan -born population. Catholicism

4182-436: The 2023 census were 72.6% European ( Pākehā ); 15.5% Māori ; 9.1% Pasifika ; 15.2% Asian ; 2.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.2%, Māori language by 3.9%, Samoan by 2.8% and other languages by 17.2%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language

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4284-531: The Battle of Te Paepae o Rarotonga. After this, he led a migration of his families and followers from Nukutaurua on the Māhia Peninsula to Heretaunga, the region known today as Hawke's Bay. Accompanying Rākei-hikuroa from Māhia to Heretaunga was a son from one of his first marriage, Taraia . Not long after their arrival in Heretaunga, Taraia succeeded Rākei-hikuroa as the leader of their people, and he proved to be

4386-465: The Māori community was profoundly impacted when both plants closed; Whakatu in 1986 and Tomoana in 1994. The iwi contains a total of 86 hapū . For administrative purposes they can be divided into six taiwhenua (regions), from north to south: Wairoa, Te Whanganui-a-Orotū, Heretaunga, Tamatea, Tāmaki nui-ā-Rua, and Wairarapa. Several hapū are found in multiple taiwhenua . Wairoa is roughly equivalent to

4488-590: The Otahoua transmitter east of the town was commissioned to relay Wellington's WNTV1 channel (now part of TVNZ 1 ). The town was early receiving television, since the Otahoua transmitter was required to repeat the signal from the Mount Victoria (and later Mount Kaukau ) transmitter in Wellington to the Wharite Peak transmitter near Palmerston North (also commissioned in 1963). Digital terrestrial television (Freeview HD)

4590-631: The Pacific Islands, and from the Chatham Islands and Stewart Island . The battalion fought in the Greek , North African and Italian campaigns , during which it earned a formidable reputation as an extremely effective fighting force. It was also the most decorated New Zealand battalion of the war. Following the end of hostilities, the battalion contributed a contingent of personnel to serve in Japan as part of

4692-507: The South Island iwi of Ngāi Tahu takes its name. According to one account, Kahungunu was the great-grandson of Tamatea and was born in present-day Kaitaia . It has been widely recounted that Kahungunu travelled extensively through the North Island during his early adulthood, eventually settling on the East Coast of the North Island . He married several times during his travels, and as

4794-592: The Te Aute College Students' Association and became active participants in public life, often mediating between the Crown and hapū in matters of local land management. In 1909 the group was joined by James Carroll and became known as the Young Māori Party . Hukarere Girls’ College and St Joseph's Māori Girls' College were also established within the region. When the First World War broke out in 1914,

4896-586: The Wairarapa the largest community by a considerable margin is Masterton , with a population of over 20,000. Other towns include Featherston , Martinborough , Carterton and Greytown . The median income as of the 2023 census was $ 48,700, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 78,597 people (18.2%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 236,730 (54.9%) people were employed full-time, 57,411 (13.3%) were part-time, and 12,573 (2.9%) were unemployed. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results in

4998-465: The Wairarapa. Along the Kāpiti Coast, numerous small towns sit close together, many of them occupying spaces close to popular beaches. From the north, these include Ōtaki , Waikanae , Paraparaumu , the twin settlements of Raumati Beach and Raumati South , Paekākāriki and Pukerua Bay , the latter being a northern suburb of Porirua . Each of these settlements has a population of between 2,000 and 10,000, making this moderately heavily populated. In

5100-529: The Wellington region was estimated at NZ$ 39.00 billion in the year to March 2019, 12.9% of New Zealand's national GDP. The subnational GDP per capita was estimated at $ 74,251 in the same period, the highest of all New Zealand regions. In the year to March 2018, primary industries contributed $ 389 million (1.0%) to the regional GDP, goods-producing industries contributed $ 5.93 billion (15.9%), service industries contributed $ 27.84 billion (74.5%), and taxes and duties contributed $ 3.20 billion (8.6%). Public transport in

5202-789: The area. An early mayor was the storekeeper Myer Caselberg (1886–1888). The Masterton District Council (MDC) is the Masterton District territorial authority. It is made up of an elected mayor, a deputy mayor/councillor, and seven additional councillors. They are elected under the First Past the Post system in triennial elections, with the last election being held on Saturday 15 October 2022. The current council members are: Gary Caffell (M), general ward; Bex Johnson (DM), Tom Hullena, Tim Nelson, Craig Bowyer, at large; David Holmes, Stella Lennox, Brent Goodwin, Māori ward; Marama Tuuta. Nationally, Masterton

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5304-480: The beach at Waimarama. Some chiefs, such as Kurupo Te Moananui, Te Hapuku , and Tiakitai, remained in Heretaunga, but most joined the exodus. By the late 1830s hostilities had ended and the Ngāti Kahungunu diaspora began returning to Heretaunga. In 1840 a number of Ngāti Kahungunu chiefs were signatories to the Treaty of Waitangi . The spread of European settlement eventually reached Ngāti Kahungunu territory, and led to

5406-543: The board's effectiveness. As a result, a case was brought to the High Court of New Zealand , where the dysfunctionality of the board was given as evidence of the need for the court to intervene. The court placed Te Rūnanganui o Ngāti Kahungunu Incorporated into receivership, and placed it under the jurisdiction of the Māori Land Court . After the creation of a new constitution, the period of receivership ended and in 1996

5508-420: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,124 (12.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 9,903 (56.3%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 4,926 (28.0%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 35,800, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 1,143 people (6.5%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

5610-421: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,976 (13.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 12,756 (56.6%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 5,898 (26.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 37,200, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 1,794 people (8.0%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

5712-571: The cities of Wellington , Porirua , Lower Hutt , and Upper Hutt , accounts for 79 percent of the region's population; other major urban areas include the Kapiti conurbation ( Waikanae , Paraparaumu , Raumati Beach , Raumati South , and Paekākāriki ) and the town of Masterton . The region is administered by the Wellington Regional Council , which uses the promotional name Greater Wellington Regional Council. The council region covers

5814-586: The east coast when, in 1822, a Ngāti Tuwharetoa war party led by Mananui Te Heuheu Tukino II crossed into Ngāti Kahungunu territory. Armed with muskets, Te Heuheu had come to assist Ngāti Te Ūpokoiri in retaking their lost pā of Te Roto-a-Tara, a fortified island in Lake Roto-a-Tara near the present-day site of Te Aute in Heretaunga . The pā had historically been an important strategic asset of Ngāti Te Ūpokoiri, but it had recently been occupied by Tangiteruru,

5916-431: The east. Physically and topologically the region has four areas running roughly parallel along a northeast–southwest axis: Wellington Region covers 8,049.47 km (3,107.92 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 550,600 as of June 2024, with a population density of 68 people per km . Wellington Region had a population of 520,971 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 14,157 people (2.8%) since

6018-482: The existing treatment pond at the Homebush wastewater treatment plant was being replaced with a new pond, the council had to relocate an estimated 85,000 eels that were living in the old pond. Around half of the eels (about 20 tonnes), were rescued by the iwi Ngati Kahungunu for relocation into other Wairarapa lakes and streams. In March 2022, following periods of heavy rain, high levels of groundwater infiltration into

6120-467: The largest North Island urban area without one. There has been no more than a proposal to connect Masterton to the North Island natural gas network via a branch off the Palmerston North to Hastings high-pressure pipeline, commissioned in 1983. Wellington Region The region takes its name from Wellington , New Zealand's capital city and the region's seat. The Wellington urban area, including

6222-461: The lost economic activity was not restored. From the 1970s, people and businesses left for opportunities elsewhere. In the 1980s, with government deregulation and protective tariffs lifted, more businesses closed, and the town declined further. It did not quite qualify to be a city by 1989 when the minimum population requirement for that status was lifted from 20,000 to 50,000. Te Oreore marae and Ngā Tau e Waru meeting house, located in Masterton,

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6324-496: The migratory Eastern bar-tailed Godwit, which flies all the way from Siberia to New Zealand to escape the harsh northern winter. The estuary is also a permanent home to 13 species of birds, six species of fish and four plants species, all of which are threatened. It regularly supports about one percent of the world population of wrybills. 41°17′S 174°46′E  /  41.283°S 174.767°E  / -41.283; 174.767 Ng%C4%81ti Kahungunu Ngāti Kahungunu

6426-528: The name Metlink . Transdev Wellington operates the metropolitan train network, running from the Wellington CBD as far as Waikanae in the north and Masterton in the east. In the year to June 2015, 36.41 million trips were made by public transport with passengers travelling a combined 460.7 million kilometres, equal to 73 trips and 927 km per capita. The Wellington region has the lowest rate of car ownership in New Zealand; 11.7 percent of households at

6528-522: The organisation was renamed Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated. The first election for the new board took place in March 1997. Ngahiwi Tomoana of Heretaunga and Toro Waka of Te Whanganui-ā-Orotū were elected chairman and deputy chairman respectively. While NKII is the mandated iwi organisation (MIO) in charge of iwi development and overseeing the fisheries settlement it received in 2004, Ngāti Kahungunu have settled their Treaty settlements of historical grievances on

6630-459: The outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, many men from Ngāti Kahungunu again enlisted and fought overseas, primarily with the 28th (Māori) Battalion . Soldiers from the Ngāti Kahungunu region were generally organised into 'D' Company of the battalion, along with men from Waikato , Maniapoto, Wellington and the South Island . Additionally, 'D' Company also consisted of some soldiers from

6732-613: The part of Hastings District south of the Ngaruroro River, including Hastings . There are twenty-seven hapū : Tamatea is roughly equivalent to Central Hawke's Bay District . There are eighteen hapū: Tāmaki nui-ā-Rua is roughly equivalent to Tararua District (i.e. the northern half of Wairarapa . It contains seven hapū: Wairarapa covers the rest of the Wairarapa, down to the Cook Strait . It contains twenty-five hapū: In 1988, Te Rūnanganui o Ngāti Kahungunu Incorporated

6834-442: The pā at Waimarama instead. Following this, he returned to Ngāti Tuwharetoa to regroup and prepare for a second assault on Te Roto-a-Tara. Returning weeks later, Te Heuheu was joined by a Ngāti Raukawa war party led by Te Whatanui , and together they devised a plan to assault the island fortress. They constructed a causeway enabling them to make the crossing from the shore of the lake to Te Roto-a-Tara pā. Te Pareihe commanded such

6936-433: The range of areas inhabited by these species, in Greater Wellington. The internationally recognised Ramsar estuarine wetlands site at Foxton Beach is of note as having one of the most diverse ranges of wetlands birds to be seen at any one place in New Zealand. A total of 95 species have been identified at the estuary. It is a significant area of salt marsh and mudflat and a valuable feeding ground for many birds including

7038-439: The rapid acquisition of Māori land by The Crown during the 1850s and 1860s. Chiefs from the Heretaunga area, such as Te Hapuku and Henare Tomoana lost significant areas of land in sales that have since been labelled "extortionate," and which later became matters of dispute and protest. The loss of land during this period led to the emergence of the Repudiation Movement, a coalition of Ngāti Kahungunu leaders who sought to halt

7140-531: The rapidity of land loss in the region, and to dispute past sales. In 1868 the Eastern Māori electorate was established in the New Zealand Parliament to provide parliamentary representation for Māori in the east of the North Island, an area encompassing Ngāti Kahungunu. The first representatives for the electorate were Ngāti Kahungunu chiefs Tareha Te Moananui (1868–1871), Karaitiana Takamoana (1871–1879), and Henare Tomoana (1879–1881). The effectiveness of Māori parliamentary representation during this period

7242-403: The region in about the tenth century. The region was settled by Europeans in 1839 by the New Zealand Company . Wellington became the capital of Wellington Province upon the creation of the province in 1853, until the Abolition of the Provinces Act came into force on 1 Nov 1876. Wellington became capital of New Zealand in 1865, the third capital after Russell and Auckland. The region occupies

7344-543: The region is well developed compared to other parts of New Zealand. It consists of buses , trains , cars , ferries and a funicular (the Wellington Cable Car ). It also included trams until 1964 and trolleybuses until 2018. Buses and ferries are privately owned, with the infrastructure owned by public bodies, and public transport is often subsidised . The Regional Council is responsible for planning and subsidising public transport. The services are marketed under

7446-437: The region was largely played out as an internal struggle for dominance among the hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu, broken up by intermittent raids from Ngāti Porou and repeated attempts by Ngāti Raukawa to settle in Heretaunga.Initially, the descendants of Rākei-hikuroa were divided between Te Hika a Ruarauhanga, the descendants of his first wife, and Te Hika a Pāpāuma, the descendants of his second. After four generations, this conflict

7548-612: The region. Otaki in particular has strong connections to the Horowhenua district to the north. This includes having been part of the MidCentral District Health Board (DHB) area, instead of the Capital and Coast DHB area like the rest of the Kāpiti Coast. The Māori who originally settled the region knew it as Te Upoko o te Ika a Māui , meaning "the head of Māui 's fish". Legend recounts that Kupe discovered and explored

7650-578: The sewage network led to the emergency discharge of treated sewage into the Ruamahanga River from the Homebush wastewater treatment plant for a period of one week. In April 2023, the council was strongly criticised for continuing incidents of overflow of raw sewage into properties in Cockburn Street during periods of heavy rain, a recurring problem that dates from 2006. The Wairarapa Electric Power Board

7752-648: The southern tip of the North Island, bounded to the west, south and east by the sea. To the west lies the Tasman Sea and to the east the Pacific Ocean , the two seas joined by the narrow and turbulent Cook Strait , which is 28 kilometres (17 mi) wide at its narrowest point, between Cape Terawhiti and Perano Head in the Marlborough Sounds . The region covers 7,860 square kilometres (3,030 sq mi), and extends north to Ōtaki and almost to Eketāhuna in

7854-414: The status quo, the Commission decided to work with councils and the community to achieve some consensus on the challenges it faced, and to collaborate in identifying possible options to address the challenges. Masterton's schools were reviewed in 2003 to take into account a changing demographic of the population, with several primary schools closing and merging. Today, there are five state primary schools in

7956-527: The terms Wellington region and Greater Wellington are not clearly defined, and areas on the periphery of the region are often excluded. In its more restrictive sense the region refers to the cluster of built-up areas west of the Tararua ranges. The much more sparsely populated area to the east has its own name, Wairarapa , and a centre in Masterton. To a lesser extent, the Kāpiti Coast is sometimes excluded from

8058-404: The town: Chanel College is a coeducational Catholic school with its own intermediate department; Rathkeale College and St Matthew's Collegiate are Anglican boys and girls schools respectively, with St Matthew's having an intermediate department; and Solway College is a Presbyterian girls school with intermediate. There is also a composite (primary/secondary combined) Māori immersion school in

8160-529: The town: Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Wairarapa. Masterton has its own polytechnic, run by UCOL (Universal College of Learning). The Masterton District Library and Archive, situated on Queen Street, are part of the Lower North Island SMART Libraries group, which involves sharing books and information between 22 libraries. There are several newspapers circulated in Masterton, including two daily publications ( Wairarapa Times-Age , The Post ) and

8262-459: The township – four state contributing primaries: Douglas Park, Fernridge, Masterton Primary and Solway; and one state full primary: Lakeview. In addition, there are five state full primary schools in the surrounding district: Mauriceville, Opaki, Tinui, Wainuiouru and Whareama, and two state-integrated primaries: St Patrick's, a Catholic contributing primary, and Hadlow , an Anglican full primary. Masterton Intermediate School, with over 500 students,

8364-556: The words of E Pari Ra , a piece written for soldiers lost in battle. After the war this tune was adopted by the Royal New Zealand Navy as their official slow march. Other songs composed by Tomoana were Tahi nei taru kino , I runga o nga puke , Hoki hoki tonu mai , Hoea ra te waka nei , Pokarekare Ana , and the haka Tika tonu . The songs have since become treasured anthems of Ngāti Kahungunu, and in some cases were adopted by other iwi due to their wartime popularity. After

8466-471: The year 1966, 70% of Māori men (throughout New Zealand in general) were now working in urban employment centres, particularly freezing works, sawmills, the transport industry (including road maintenance), the construction industry, and various types of factory work. In Hawke's Bay, thousands of Māori worked at the Whakatu and Tomoana freezing works sites, near Hastings. However the regional economy and well-being of

8568-471: Was established in Carterton in 1920 to supply the Wairarapa with electricity from the Kourarau hydropower station at Gladstone, southeast of both towns. Masterton was connected to Mangahao on 17 May 1925 when the transmission line from Bunnythorpe to Masterton (via Woodville and Mangamaire) and the Masterton substation were commissioned. The Wairarapa Electric Power Board moved to headquarters in Masterton in

8670-407: Was also established in 2005 to manage the iwi's investment portfolio. The company's directors include former rugby player Taine Randell . When Te Rūnanganui o Ngāti Kahungunu Incorporated was established in 1988, its first chairperson was Pita Sharples . By 1994 a rapid succession of other chairpeople had led the organisation, while severe disharmony between board members was increasingly hampering

8772-465: Was duplicated in 1915. It was replaced by the current system, completed in 1983. A sewage system was completed in 1901. It drained through settlement ponds and filter beds to the Ruamahanga River south of the town. The sewage farm's system included a newfangled " septic tank " which was subject to failures. In 2012, after a period of heavy rain, eels were found in a Masterton street. In 2013, when

8874-451: Was eaten before or during the voyage. The captain of Tākitimu was Tamatea Arikinui . He left the waka at Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty or at Turanga, near modern-day Gisborne , travelling overland until he arrived at Ahuriri (now part of Napier ) in the Hawke's Bay Region . The waka Tākitimu itself continued its voyage to the South Island under a new captain, Tahu Pōtiki , from whom

8976-430: Was established as a centralised organisation responsible for iwi development, but it went into receivership in 1994. The organisation re-emerged with a new constitution in 1996 under the name Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated (NKII). An election was held in 1997, resulting in the establishment of an elected board of trustees and a new mandate to govern iwi development. Elections are held every three years, and all adults with

9078-462: Was established by the Borough Council in 1886 by the corner of Bannister and Kirton Streets. About 20 years later it was moved to the end of Bentley Street, just south of the railway station. The large quantities of coal were brought in by rail. By 1945 it had become clear consumers preferred electricity and the gasworks closed in the 1950s. There is no natural gas network in Masterton, making it

9180-568: Was finished at the end of 1900 when at the formal opening ceremony there was enough pressure to send a jet right over the Post Office tower to the accompaniment of the Masterton Municipal Brass Band. The mayor, Mr Pownall, said he was now ready to pour cold water on the scheme's opponents. A covered reservoir and treatment plant at Fernridge was supplied by an intake from springs beside the Waingawa four miles further up river. The main

9282-751: Was first formed in 1980 from a merger of the Wellington Regional Planning Authority and the Wellington Regional Water Board. Following the creation of the Auckland Council 'super-city' in 2009, a similar merger for councils within the Wellington Region was investigated by the Local Government Commission in 2013. The proposal was scrapped in 2015 following negative public feedback. In common usage

9384-738: Was hampered by a lack of fluent English on the part of the elected Māori representatives, and by a lack of confidence in the European parliamentary system itself, which was seen as incapable of protecting Māori interests. As a result, the Kotahitanga movement emerged in the 1890s to advocate for the establishment of an independent Māori parliament. It convened parliamentary style meetings at Pāpāwai Marae in Wairārapa and at Waipatu in Heretaunga , where key issues of importance for Māori were debated. However, by 1902 Te Kotahitanga had failed to gain recognition from

9486-624: Was introduced to the Masterton area in July 2011, in preparedness for the area's digital switchover in September 2013. The service broadcasts from the Popoiti transmitter, south of the township. Masterton's water is piped from the Waingawa through a Masterton District Council treatment plant on the river, about 10 kilometres west of the town. The water is clarified and filtered, then chlorinated and fluoridated. Lime

9588-404: Was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 28.1, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.1% Christian , 3.0% Hindu , 1.3% Islam , 0.7% Māori religious beliefs , 1.2% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.2% Jewish , and 1.7% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 54.3%, and 6.1% of people did not answer the census question. In

9690-407: Was led by Joseph Masters – after whom the town was named – and aimed to settle working people in villages and on the land. At first Masterton grew slowly, but as its farming hinterland became more productive it began to prosper. In the 1870s, it overtook Greytown as Wairarapa's major town. It became a borough in 1877 and was reached by the railway line from Wellington in 1880. The railway became for

9792-454: Was resolved, when Te Whatuiāpiti of Pāpāuma married Te Huhuti , of Ruarauhanga. Their courtship is considered to be one of the great romances of Māori tradition. Subsequently, a new conflict arose between his descendants, Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti , and the descendants of Taraia, Ngāti Te Ūpokoiri . Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti settled in the Kaimanawa ranges , but were driven out by Ngāti Tūwharetoa in

9894-556: Was spoken by 97.2%, Māori language by 5.3%, Samoan by 1.5% and other languages by 6.6%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 33.1% Christian , 1.0% Hindu , 0.5% Islam , 1.4% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.3% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 54.3%, and 7.6% of people did not answer

9996-556: Was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 4.7%, Samoan by 1.2% and other languages by 6.3%. No language could be spoken by 1.9% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.7, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 32.5% Christian , 0.8% Hindu , 0.4% Islam , 1.2% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.2% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 55.5%, and 7.6% of people did not answer

10098-414: Was that 10,590 (47.0%) people were employed full-time, 3,300 (14.6%) were part-time, and 543 (2.4%) were unemployed. Masterton's urban area covers 22.45 km (8.67 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 23,200 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,033 people per km. The urban area had a population of 21,606 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 1,689 people (8.5%) since

10200-678: Was that 8,061 (45.8%) people were employed full-time, 2,406 (13.7%) were part-time, and 459 (2.6%) were unemployed. Masterton enjoys a mild temperate climate (Köppen: Cfb), grading towards a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb). Due to the geography of the Wairarapa valley and the Tararua Range directly to the west, the town's temperature fluctuates more than the nearby inland city of Palmerston North . Masterton experiences warmer, dry summers with highs above 30 °C possible and colder winters with frequent frost and lows below 0 °C. Between 1877 and 1989, Masterton Borough Council administered

10302-639: Was the largest Christian denomination in Wellington with 14.8 percent affiliating, while Anglicanism was the second-largest with 11.9 percent affiliating. Hinduism (2.4 percent) and Buddhism (1.6 percent) were the largest non-Christian religions in the 2013 census. Key cultural institutions in the region include Te Papa in Wellington, the Dowse Art Museum in Lower Hutt , Pataka museum and gallery in Porirua . The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of

10404-640: Was the son of the chief Henare Tomoana . Tomoana worked with Ngata to drive Māori recruitment campaigns both within Ngāti Kahungunu and throughout other areas of the North Island. Many men from Ngāti Kahungunu were among the Māori who enlisted for war. They were organised into the New Zealand (Māori) Pioneer Battalion . The battalion participated in the Gallipoli campaign in 1915 and the Western Front between 1916 and 1918. In January 1918 Paraire Tomoana published

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