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29-629: Mashteuiatsh is a First Nations reserve in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec , Canada, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north from the centre of Roberval . It is the home to the Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation . It is located on a headland jutting out on the western shores of Lake Saint-Jean known as Pointe-Bleue , in the geographic township of Ouiatchouan, and belongs to the Montagnais du Lac St-Jean Innu band. It

58-414: A change of -0.4% from its 2016 population of 276,368 . With a land area of 95,542.70 km (36,889.24 sq mi), it had a population density of 2.9/km (7.5/sq mi) in 2021. The median age is 47.2, as opposed to 41.6 for all of Canada. French was the mother tongue of 98.0% of residents in 2021. The next most common mother tongues were English at 0.6%, followed by Spanish at 0.4% and

87-599: A settlement agreement with the Government of Canada was signed. The Mashteuiatsh Native Museum was built in 1977, and transmits the history and culture of the pekuakamiulnuatsh (Ilnus du lac-saint-Jean). It is possible to find knowledge on the Ilnuatsh, but also on the other First Nations of Quebec and America. In addition to its permanent exhibition, the Native American Museum offers three temporary exhibitions, as well as

116-473: A threat to ecosystems . The Saguenay originates in Lac Saint-Jean at Alma . There are two channels: La Petite Décharge and La Grande Décharge, on which is built the dam Île Maligne hydroelectric plant. The island formed by these two rivers is part of the municipality of Alma . At this place, the water is freshwater. Three bridges cross the "Petite Décharge" and two others cross the "Grande Décharge". It

145-494: A visit to the Nutshimitsh outdoor garden (in the forest), artistic creation workshops and a boutique area. These activities are also available in the form of a guided tour, made by members of the community. As of 2022, the band counted 8,373 members, of which 2,104 persons are living in the community. Population trend: Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 808 (total dwellings: 1,095) Mother tongue: The local economy

174-548: Is a major river of Quebec , Canada. It drains Lac Saint-Jean in the Laurentian Highlands , leaving at Alma and running east; the city of Saguenay is located on the river. It drains into the Saint Lawrence River . Tadoussac , founded as a French colonial trading post in 1600, is located on the northeast bank at this site. The river has a very high flow-rate and is bordered by steep cliffs associated with

203-431: Is based mostly on logging, construction, transport, and tourism. There are some 130 businesses on the reserve that provide services such as: food, hotel accommodations, sawmills, electrician, auto mechanics, taxi, arts and handicrafts, post office, excavation, plumbing, translation, camping, hardware, convenience store, restaurants. There are two schools on the reserve: Saguenay%E2%80%93Lac-Saint-Jean This region

232-578: Is bathed by two major watercourses, Lac Saint-Jean and the Saguenay River , both of which mark its landscape deeply and have been the main drives of its development in history . It is also irrigated by several other large watercourses. Bordered by forests and mountainous massifs, the southern portion of the region constitutes a fertile enclave in the Canadian Shield called the Saguenay Graben . Both

261-623: Is geographically within the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality but administratively not part of it. Previously officially known as Ouiatchouan Reserve , it was renamed Mashteuiatsh in 1985, from Ka Mesta8iats , meaning "where there is a point" or "seeing one yet again at the point". Mashteuiatsh is serviced by a health centre, community radio station, arena, library, community and sports centre, social services centre, municipal water and sewer system, fire station, and an aboriginal police force. The reserve

290-683: Is here that the Aluminum Bridge is located. Between Chicoutimi and Jonquière, the two spillway weirs  [ fr ] come together to form the Saguenay. It becomes accessible to navigation at this point. Moreover, Chicoutimi means "how deep is it" in Innu-aimun . In downtown Chicoutimi , the Dubuc bridge  [ fr ] and the Sainte-Anne bridge  [ fr ] are located. At Tadoussac,

319-445: Is home to 555 recent immigrants (i.e. those arriving between 2016 and 2021). 190 of them come from France , and 180 come from various African countries, with Cameroon leading at 75 recent immigrants. In 2021, 73.4% of the population identified as Catholic , while 19.2% said they had no religious affiliation. Muslims were the largest religious minority, making up 0.3% of the population. Counting both single and multiple responses,

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348-525: Is home to the Mashteuiatsh Amerindian Museum ( Musée amérindien de Mashteuiatsh ), which was founded in 1977 with a mission to preserve Innu cultural heritage. Before becoming a reserve according to the Indian Act in 1856, Mashteuiatsh – which means “Where there is a point” – was already for the Ilnuatsh a sector of passage and frequented gathering. Initially called by the name of Ouiatchouan,

377-529: Is when these two rivers meet just east of Alma that the Saguenay really begins. It begins in the form of a reservoir several kilometers long, unlike the rapids and powerful falls that dotted the river before the erection of dams. At Shipshaw, Quebec , the Saguenay splits again in two. On the northern watercourse, there is the Shipshaw hydroelectric station and, on the south side, the Chute-à-Caron power plant. It

406-451: The Canada 2021 Census , representing 3.2% of Quebec's population. It is concentrated primarily in three clusters: the city of Saguenay (pop. 144,723), the city of Alma (pop. 30,331) and the agglomeration of Roberval (pop. 9,840), Saint-Félicien (pop. 10,089) and Dolbeau-Mistassini (pop. 13,718). Saguenay, the region's largest city, is located slightly west of the fjord , mostly south of

435-517: The Saguenay Fjord area for thousands of years prior to the first Europeans arriving. The first European to visit the area was Jacques Cartier , in 1535. After Samuel de Champlain established a fort in 1608 on the northern shores of the St. Lawrence River (around present-day Quebec City), various Indigenous peoples, including Innu, Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Huron , Algonquins and Cree all traded along

464-568: The Saguenay Graben . Tide waters flow in its fjord upriver as far as Chicoutimi (about 100 kilometres). Many Beluga whales breed in the cold waters at its mouth, making Tadoussac a popular site for whale watching and sea kayaking ; Greenland sharks also frequent the depths of the river. The area of the confluence of the Saguenay and Saint Lawrence is protected by the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park , one of Canada's national parks . First Nations people , including Innus , have inhabited

493-563: The Saguenay River. They named the river for the legendary Kingdom of Saguenay . It is the namesake of Saguenay Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority . Beginning in the 19th century, the river was exploited for transport and power by the logging and pulp and paper industries. A dam on the upper Saguenay generates hydroelectricity for local industries, such as aluminum smelting and paper mills. Severe flooding of

522-466: The Saguenay's tributary rivers from July 18 to 21, 1996, devastated the region in one of Canada's costliest natural disasters, the Saguenay Flood . However, an unexpected effect of the flood was to cover the heavily contaminated sediments at the bottom of the river with 10 to 50 centimetres (3.9 to 19.7 in) of new, relatively clean sediments. Research has shown that the old sediments are no longer

551-660: The boundaries of the reserved lands, the Innu asked the Government of Canada to exchange these lands bordering the Peribonka and Métabetchouane Rivers for those in Ouiatchouan Township where Pointe-Bleue is. This request was granted in 1856, and the Innu were allotted an area of 23,040 acres (9,320 ha), from then on officially known as Ouiatchouan Reserve. In 1867, the Hudson's Bay Company established there its trading post. This gave

580-538: The community has been called Mashteuiatsh since 1985. The popular name of Pointe-Bleue has long also designated the inhabited area of the reserve. The majority of the members of the Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation live in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, mainly in the community of Mashteuiatsh. It is inhabited by the Montagnais of Lac St-Jean. The Indian Reserve of Mashteuiatsh is located at

609-693: The government in 1869, and another 2,400 acres (970 ha) in 1895. The reserve was reduced in size again in 1901 when more lots were sold off, in 1911 when the James Bay & Eastern Railway was built through it, and in 1933 when the Duke Price Power Company raised Lake Saint-Jean's water level by more than 15 feet (4.6 m), leaving only the lands bordering the lake. In 1985 and 1986, the Lac St-Jean Innu began claiming for compensation and recovery of most of these lost lands. On February 28, 2000,

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638-712: The indigenous Innu . Circa 1775, a trading post was established there, owned by English merchants Thomas Dunn and John Gray. In 1853, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, John Rolph , had proposed to assign the Innu living near the Peribonka River , north of Lake Saint-Jean, a reserve of 16,000 acres (6,500 ha) and the Innu residing in Métabetchouan Township , south of Lake Saint-Jean, were allotted 4,000 acres (1,600 ha). But because Pointe-Bleue had been their traditional site and because loggers would not respect

667-404: The junction of Roberval and Saint-Prime , on the shore of the Lac Saint-Jean in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , Quebec . It is located at 68 kilometres (42 mi) west of Alma and it covers an area of 1,443 hectares (3,570 acres). It is linked to Roberval to the south via boulevard Horace-J.-Beemer. Before Europeans arrived in the area, the site was a frequently used stopover place and camp of

696-610: The most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were: (Percentages may total more than 100% due to rounding and multiple responses). Source: Source: Each school service centre ( French : centre de services scolaire) give services to five school distincts of 20 in the region: The whole region is part of the anglophone district Central Quebec School Board . 49°52′00″N 71°45′00″W  /  49.8667°N 71.7500°W  / 49.8667; -71.7500 Saguenay River The Saguenay River ( French : Rivière Saguenay , [ʁivjɛʁ saɡnɛ] )

725-589: The related languages of Atikamekw and Innu at 0.3% total. 0.4% reported both English and French as their first language. Additionally there were 0.1% who reported both French and a non-official language as their mother tongue. As of 2021, Indigenous peoples comprised 5.1% of the population and visible minorities contributed 1.5%. The largest visible minority groups in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean are Black (0.7%), Arab (0.2%), and Latin American (0.2%). The region

754-461: The reserve some importance, attracting an Oblates ' mission in 1875, and even resulting in the closure of the Métabetchouan Post in 1880. Nevertheless, the Innu showed no interest in permanent settlement. Furthermore, under insistent pressure by political and religious authorities who promoted the area's colonization by new settlers, the Innu ceded more than 15,000 acres (6,100 ha) back to

783-430: The river. It makes up 52.5% of the region's population. The flag was incorporated in 1938 on the centenary of the first settlers' arrival in 1838 and was created by Mgr. Victor Tremblay, a local historian. The four colours represent the four elements of the richness of Saguenay: the grey cross represents aluminum, which is an important product of local industry; the red border represents the inhabitants' labour; green, at

812-450: The scenery and the cultural sites and activities of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean attract tourists every year. Lac Saint-Jean is a popular vacation destination in the summer for residents of the more urban regions of Quebec. The name Saguenay is possibly derived from the Innu word "Saki-nip" which means "where water flows out". The population of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region was 275,552 at

841-423: The top represents the forest; and yellow, at the bottom, represents agriculture. Following the Saguenay municipal reorganization in 2002 , the region now counts 49 municipalities (including unorganized territories ). In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region had a population of 275,552 living in 126,404 of its 138,331 total private dwellings,

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