50-511: Marawi , officially the Islamic City of Marawi ( Maranao : Bandar a Marawi ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Marawi ), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Lanao del Sur , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 207,010 people. Marawi is located upon the shores of Lake Lanao . It is primarily inhabited by the Maranao people. The city is also called
100-580: A Muslim city, with Muslims accounting for 99.6% of the population. Poverty Incidence of Marawi Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The economy of Marawi is largely based on agriculture, trading, and exporting. Most industries in the city are agriculture-oriented. They include rice and corn farming, hollow blocks manufacturing, goldsmithing , and saw milling . Small and cottage-size enterprises are engaged in garment making, mat and malong weaving, wood carving , brassware making, web development , and blacksmithing . Apart from that, Marawi
150-570: A group of 189 Maranao leaders and its leader, Hadji Abdulhamid Bongabong of Unayan, signed a document known as the Dansalan Declaration , urging then United States President Franklin Roosevelt and its Congress to grant Mindanao and Sulu separate independence by the United States instead of inclusion in the country's independence. Dansalan was the last to become a chartered city under
200-534: A schwa /ə/ . However, this process is not a form of gemination since consonant elongation in Maranao is not distinctive as seen in other Philippine languages such as Ilokano and Ibanag . Some of these are: Since 2009, it has been proposed that previous studies on the phonology of Maranao had overlooked the presence of "heavy" consonants, these four "heavy" consonants being /p’ t’ k’ s’/ . Vowels that follow these consonants are raised in position. There are four possible environments for that determine whether
250-563: A similar way in Southern (Lapuyan) Subanon , but without the vowel-raising. In contrast to Tagalog which has three case markers ( ang/ng/sa ), and Iloko which has two ( ti/iti ), Maranao has four: ( so/ko/o/sa ). (Subject) (Direct Object) (Benefactor/Location) Genitive (Possessive) Curiously, the sa is indefinite in Maranao, whereas it is definite/specific in Cebuano and Tagalog. Maranao pronouns can be free or bound to
300-807: Is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte and their respective cities of Marawi and Iligan located in the Philippines , as well found also in Sabah , Malaysia . It is spoken among the Moros within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . It is more closer to Iranun than to Maguindanao within the Danao subgroup. Maranao
350-513: Is bounded by the other buildings. The buildings include: Aside from the offices of the House, the facilities at the Batasang Pambansa include a medical and dental clinic, two banks, a post office, two telegraph offices, two motor pools, a fire station, a gas station, security barracks for the marines, parking space for 300 cars and a police detachment. It also includes recreational facilities like
400-633: Is currently spelled as "Y". "H" is only used for Malay loanwords, and "sh" (pronounced as /ʃ/ ) is normally used for Arabic loanwords and names such as Ishak ( Isaac ). "Di" or "j" are used to transcribe the /d͡ʒ/ sound, such as radia / raja (from the Sanskrit word for 'king', " Rāja ") or the English name John . In representing the mid central vowel (or schwa) /ə/ , different authors have employed various means to represent this sound (e.g. "E" or "U"). In social media, speakers use either of
450-473: Is home to NPC – Agus 1 Hydro Electric Power Plant and the first of the six cascading Agus Hydro Power Plants. A new wind and solar energy plant and a new diesel-generated power plant are set to be developed in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, by two private firms to provide electricity to Marawi and adjoining areas. The project will cost PHP 2 billion and will generate 10 to 30 megawatts of electricity. The feeling of
500-601: Is in honor of the city's martyred hero in Kuta Marahui (Fortress of Marawi) in 1895. Dansalan began as a port. A sovereign of Marawi before 1639 was "Datu Buadi Sa Kayo" who imposed taxation. Around the original Meranaw fortification, Spanish captain Francisco Atienza founded a settlement called Dansalan in October 1639. His forces had come from Iligan and were attempting to conquer the entire Lake Lanao area. However, it
550-478: Is smoothly pronounced [la.jo.ka.kən] . Since the heavy consonants developed from consonant clusters, they are only found word-medially. Orthography-wise, "r" is used for /ɾ/ , "y" is used for /j/ , and "ng" is used for /ŋ/ According to Lobel (2013), [h] only occurs in a few recent Malay loanwords : Earlier Arabic loanwords with "h" that entered Proto-Danao or earlier Maranao were realized as k . Consonants are also pronounced longer if preceded with
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#1732844997110600-433: Is spoken in the following provinces of: • Entire Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte • Northwestern municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte : Barira , Buldon , Parang , Matanog , Sultan Mastura , and Sultan Kudarat • Northwestern municipalities of Cotabato : Alamada , Banisilan , Carmen , Libungan , and Pigcawayan • Northwestern municipalities of Bukidnon : Talakag and Kalilangan • Small parts in
650-454: Is warm and wet throughout the year. With the elevation along Lake Lanao at around 2,300 feet (700 m), this raised altitude together frequent heavy showers at all seasons, ensures that hot conditions are seldom observed. Maranao or Meranaw is widely spoken in Marawi; however, many local inhabitants can also speak Maguindanaon , Iranun , English and/or Tagalog . Marawi is predominantly
700-670: The Interim Batasang Pambansa , first convened at the Main Building on June 12, 1978. However, under the 1987 Constitution, the legislative branch again became bicameral. The numerically larger House of Representatives retained the session hall and offices of the old Batasang Pambansa on the grounds of the complex. The smaller, newly reinstated Senate returned to the original legislative building in Manila (reinstated as capital city in 1976) and held their plenary sessions there until
750-463: The Mëranaw word "dansal", which means rendezvous; literally, it also means arrival (in other source, "where the waves come to shore"). Being known as the destination point for arriving boats, the place refers to a port, hence, the "Place of Destination and Purpose." Meanwhile, Marawi is derived from the word "rawi", which means reclining, in reference to Agus River . On the other hand, this present name
800-627: The Philippine Military Academy as per the 1941 Frost Plan , the location was part of a larger National Government Center, which was intended to house the three branches of the Philippine government–legislative, executive, and judicial. In 1956, architect Federico S. Ilustre laid out the master plan for the location, which was set aside to be the new home of the Congress (made up of the Senate and
850-454: The Philippines which was established as an interim assembly in 1978 and finally as an official body in 1984. Under the 1973 Constitution , it replaced the bicameral Congress of the Philippines established under the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution. When the bicameral Congress was restored in 1987, the complex was set aside as the home of the House of Representatives. The main building of
900-461: The [ɨ] sound as a separate phoneme (written with ae ) instead of a raised allophone of /ə/ . [ ɪ ~ i ] [ ə ~ ɨ ] [ o ~ u ] [ a ~ ɤ ] Vowel [e] only occurs in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay. According to Lobel (2013), Maranao has the following consonants: In Maranao, /ʔ/ is not phonemic word-initially (similar to non-Philippine English). Hence, layok aken ('friend of mine')
950-660: The "Summer Capital of the South" due to its higher elevation and cooler climate, a nickname it shares with Malaybalay . On May 23, 2017, the city suffered extensive damage during the Siege of Marawi as militants affiliated with the Islamic State invaded the city and engaged in a five-month urban warfare , until when Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced the ending of the battle in October. Dansalan (Marawi's prior name) derived from
1000-399: The "hard consonants" /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, sʰ/ are written as "ph, th, kh, z". Below is the sound system of Maranao including underlying phonetic features. Maranao has four vowel phonemes that can become more close or higher when in certain environments (see hard consonants below). The vowel raising effects of hard consonants may have led earlier studies to Although previous studies have analyzed
1050-587: The House of Representatives). Ilustre had also designed the buildings for the new legislative center. Public reception to the building's design was lukewarm, so a newer design by the National Planning Commission under architect Anselmo Alquinto replaced the Ilustre-designed one. By 1963, however, only the concrete foundations and steel frame were laid out. Ultimately, due to lack of funding, the Capitol
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#17328449971101100-617: The Main Building are the offices of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Deputy Speakers. Two executive lounges can also be found there. The offices of House members are found in the North Wing and South Wing Buildings. The complex is composed of five main structures and has a total area of 16 hectares. The Main Building is the central feature of the complex, and
1150-571: The Philippines, such as election results, confirmation meetings, and addresses by the President of the Philippines or other guests of honor. The President's annual State of the Nation Address delivered to a joint session of Congress is one example of such a speech. The Session Hall has a seating capacity for about 1,500 people. In 2022, the session hall was redesigned into a hemicycle layout to accommodate up to 350 members. Also located inside
1200-520: The Second World War , inauguration took place on September 30, 1950. It was renamed Marawi City on June 16, 1956 through Republic Act (RA) No. 1552 which amended the charter. Upon division of Lanao province through RA No. 2228 in 1959, it was made capital of Lanao del Sur . The city, being the country's only predominantly Muslim chartered city, was declared "Islamic City of Marawi" through City Council Resolution No. 19-A on April 15, 1980. This
1250-567: The building was turned over to the National Museum of the Philippines under the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos . The Senate has since moved to the GSIS Building on reclaimed land on Manila Bay in Pasay , holding their plenary sessions there since May 1997. Apart from designing the core buildings of the complex, Felipe M. Mendoza and his office also allotted a master plan for possible expansion of
1300-542: The city and are as follows: Other notable secondary schools are: TESDA is also stationed in Marawi which caters to technical training of students for the province. Within the Mindanao State University is the Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts which is named in honor of Sultan Aga Khan who contributed to the realization of the museum. Historical development of the country is bank on the large space upon
1350-501: The coast of Zamboanga del Sur all of which are located within the island of Mindanao in southern Philippines. Maranao was historically written in Perso-Arabic letters called Jawi , which were known as Batang-a-Arab and Kirim . It is now written with Latin letters. Though there is no officially proclaimed standard orthography, Maranao is more or less written as influenced by contemporary Filipino conventions. The following are
1400-609: The complex is still often referred to as the Batasang Pambansa . The Senate , the upper house of Congress, does not meet in the Batasan, but in the GSIS Building across Metro Manila in Pasay . Following the naming of Quezon City as the new capital city of the Philippines in 1948, a cornerstone for a Capitol building was laid on Constitution Hill, now Batasan Hills, in Quezon City on October 22, 1949. Originally reserved for
1450-678: The complex. These included: Plans and scale models for the expansion were developed in 1978, but were not implemented. In March 2001, the Ramon V. Mitra Jr. Building was completed. Currently headquartered in the building are the Legislative Library, the Committee offices, the Reference and Research Bureau, and the Conference Rooms. The South Wing Annex Building started construction in 2008 and
1500-523: The conservation of cultural materials. It has huge, collection of indigenous art, displayed ethnic music tape recorded, the native folk dances from different regions of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, the native tools and weapons used by the Muslims and different artistic designs of houses are the main attractions of museum. Indigenous art and cultural material are being displayed. Maranao language Maranao ( Filipino : Mëranaw ; Jawi : باسا أ مراناو )
1550-458: The country's Commonwealth era with the approval of Commonwealth Act No. 592 on August 19, 1940. During World War II , the Japanese invaded Dansalan and established a "comfort station" in the city, where local girls, teenagers, and young adults were kidnapped and turned into sex slaves under brutal " comfort women " system, where victims were routinely gang-raped and killed by Japanese soldiers. After
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1600-494: The creation of three additional barangays , was held on March 9, 2024, in eight clustered precincts. With 93.73% voter turnout, the proposal was ratified, almost unanimously. Marawi has a total land area of 8,755 hectares (21,630 acres). It is located on the northernmost shores of Lake Lanao and straddles the area where the Agus River starts. It is bounded to the north by the municipalities of Kapai and Saguiaran ; to
1650-453: The creation of two barangays on March 18, 2023, marking the first exclusively local electoral exercise in the city post-siege, was held in five polling precincts. With 96.88% of registered voters participated, majority of them later ratified the proposal. The creation became effective, months prior to the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections in October . Another plebiscite, seeking for
1700-619: The deaths of Datu Amai Pakpak and Datu Sinal. They abandoned the place again upon the arrival of the Americans in the Mindanao in 1898. Dansalan was created as a municipality by the Moro Province legislative council on May 24, 1907; served as the capital of the undivided Lanao Province since its declaration by the American colonial government. It was in this municipality when, on March 18, 1935,
1750-452: The letters used in writing out native words: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y In general, double vowels are pronounced separately, for example, kapaar is pronounced as /kapaʔaɾ/ . The final /w/ sound in diphthongs and "w" were marked with "-o" in older orthographies, as in other Philippine languages, but both are nowadays spelled as "w". Also, "i" was used in older orthographies to transcribe /j/ , which
1800-420: The militants had over 500 men. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place, initially until December 31, 2017, but was later extended to the end of 2018 and then again to the end of 2019. The city was liberated from militant control on October 17, 2017 and battle operations officially ended on October 23, 2017. On January 30, 2018, it
1850-526: The south by Lake Lanao; to the east by the municipalities of Bubong and Ditsaan-Ramain ; and to the west by the municipalities of Marantao and Saguiaran. The Bagang beach is situated 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from the city's commercial center. The Muslim majority city also hosts a national park, the Sacred Mountain National Park , which spans the barangays of Guimba and Papandayan covering an area of 94-hectare (230-acre). The protected area
1900-583: The supposed presence of the vowel /ɨ/ . However, analysis by Lobel (2009, 2013 ) showed that this may actually be an allophone of /ə/ after hard consonants. McKaughan and Macaraya also used "q" for the glottal stop regardless of position. Diphthongs such as [aw, aj, oi] were spelled as "ao, ai, oi". The orthography used in the study by Lobel (2009) was the one developed by Aleem Abdulmajeed Ansano of Taraka (1943–2008), Senator Ahmad Domocao "Domie" Alonto of Ramain (1914– 2002), and Shaiekh Abdul Azis Guroalim Saromantang of Tugaya (1923–2003). In this orthography,
1950-522: The two letters or just leave it blank (e.g. saken can also be spelled sakn and sakun on the internet). Meanwhile, the Commission on the Filipino Language recommends spelling this sound using "Ë" for different Philippine languages in its 2013 Ortograpiyang Pambansa . In a revised Maranao Dictionary by McKaughan and Macaraya in 1996, the digraph "'ae" was introduced and used to represent
2000-651: The unique natural setting of the Maranaos in Marawi is manifested by the presence of many large Torogans , an antique royal high-roofed houses with carvings designed by the Meranau, and the Sambitory Old Building in Barrio Naga in front of Tuaka Laput, Marawi. Marawi is home to the main campus of Mindanao State University , the biggest state university in Philippines. Other institutions and colleges are well established in
2050-610: The vowel will be raised or not: Consonant cluster homogenization occurred in earlier Danao and Subanon, where the articulations of the first consonant followed that of the second (Ex: *-gp- > *-bp- ). A study by Allison noted that Proto-Danao *b, *d, g* were lost in modern Maranao when found before other consonants with the same place of articulation (Ex: *bp > *p ), but preserved elsewehere. Lobel noted that this sound change actually resulted in two features of Maranao phonology: heavy consonants and raised vowels (* [-bpa-] > [-pʰɤ-] ). Aspirated consonants also developed in
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2100-479: The water of the Lake Lanao. Signal Hill (Barangay Matampay), Arumpac Hill (Barangay Saduc), and Mt. Mupo (Barangay Guimba) are considered beautiful but mysterious. Mt. Mupo, located within the Sacred Mountain National Park , is known for its untouched trees and beautiful, perfect cone. Marawi is politically subdivided into 101 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . Marawi's weather
2150-621: The word/morpheme before it. (free) (bound) (bound) Batasang Pambansa The Batasang Pambansa Complex , or simply the Batasan ( lit. ' legislature ' ), is the seat of the House of Representatives of the Philippines . It is located along the Batasan Road in Batasan Hills , Quezon City . The complex was initially the home of the Batasang Pambansa , the former legislature of
2200-534: Was abandoned later the same year when thousands of Meranaw soldiers invested the then-fortifying settlement, pressing the Spaniards hard and thus they returned to Iligan, having failed in their quest. The Spaniards only returned to the area when they began the conquest of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the 19th century. They made attempts to capture Marawi, a Maranao stronghold, twice until they succeeded in 1895 with
2250-448: Was announced that a 10-hectare military base will be established in the city to prevent the reentry of terrorists. The 2017 siege resulted to internally displaced persons contributing to a significant population increase in certain barangays , later led to the creation of new ones. Since then, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) held two separate plebiscites in the city, eventually establishing five barangays . The plebiscite for
2300-504: Was designated as the architect of the complex and its surrounding area. The uncompleted structure for the Capitol building was torn down to make way for the new complex. The North and South Wing Buildings were completed in December 1977. Meanwhile, the Main Building itself finally opened on May 31, 1978. However, the rest of the intended government buildings and public spaces around the complex were never built. The legislative body, known as
2350-406: Was established on August 5, 1965, by Republic Act no. 4190. The park is dominated by Mount Mupo, a 900-foot (270 m) tall extinct volcanic cone. The park is ideal for birdwatching and mountain climbing to the summit that features a small pond. Mountains, rolling hills, valleys, and a large placid lake dominate the city's landscape. Angoyao Hills ( Barangay Sogod) served as natural viewpoint over
2400-468: Was inaugurated on June 29, 2010. Members of the House of Representatives hold their plenary sessions at the Session Hall, located inside the Main Building. Comprising 200+ members elected by first past the post and 50+ members elected by closed party list , the legislators debate economic, social and other issues inside the complex. The Session Hall is also used for joint sessions of the Congress of
2450-434: Was never completed. The uncompleted structure sat in the area for more than a decade before being torn down. During the presidency of Ferdinand E. Marcos , the plans for a legislative complex were revived. By that time, the 1973 constitution had replaced the bicameral Congress with the Batasang Pambansa , a unicameral parliament. The new complex was accordingly designed to house only one legislative body. Felipe M. Mendoza
2500-647: Was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa , the country's former parliament during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East . On May 23, 2017, a pro– Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The Battle of Marawi —also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that
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