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113-666: The Maratha Light Infantry is a light infantry regiment of the Indian Army . It traces its lineage to the Bombay Sepoys , raised in 1768, making it the most senior light infantry regiment in the Indian Army. The class composition of the regiment was and is primarily formed by Maratha recruits from the former Maratha Empire . The men were mostly drawn from all over the state of Maharashtra , with some percentage from Marathi -speaking areas of Karnataka including Coorg . As of 2000,

226-521: A tropical savanna climate. Extremes: max 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) on May 12, 1960, at Nasik. The lowest, also at Nasik, was 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) on January 7, 1945. According to the 2011 census Nashik district has a population of 6,107,187, roughly equal to the nation of El Salvador or the US state of Missouri . This gives it a ranking of 11th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has

339-987: A beret in a darker shade of green than other regiments. Two paramilitary forces—the Assam Rifles and the Eastern Frontier Rifles —also follow the traditions of a rifle regiment. The Irish famously employed "Cethernacht" or Kern as light infantry. These usually made up the bulk of Gaelic and even later Anglo Norman Irish armies during the Middle Ages to renaissance era's. Traditionally armed with javelins and swords while wearing no armour, in later periods they were equipped with caliver muskets while still using little to no armour. They were notably effective while employed in tandem with heavily armed "Galloglaich" or anglicised Gallowglass. They could provide effective support to heavily armed troops as well as endlessly harassing enemies in difficult terrain. Today, all infantry battalions of

452-506: A chord line was completed between Manmad , on the northeast line in Nashik district, and Daund , on the southeast line in Pune district . From India's independence in 1947 up to 1960, Nashik district was part of Bombay State , which split into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat . The entire Nashik district is underlain by the basaltic lava flows. These flows are normally horizontally disposed over

565-611: A corps of light infantry, under the command of General Lafayette . The light infantry participated in several major battles of the southern states in 1781, including the Battle of Yorktown . The entire Continental Army was dismissed after the war, with all regiments disbanded in 1784. In 1808, the United States Army created its first Regiment of Riflemen . During the War of 1812 three more Rifle Regiments were raised but disbanded after

678-464: A legacy of a Finnish volunteer Jäger battalion formed in Germany during World War I to fight for the liberation of Finland from Russia. The Chasseur designation was given to certain regiments of French light infantry ( Chasseurs à pied ) or light cavalry ( Chasseurs à cheval ). The Chasseurs à pied (light infantry) were originally recruited from hunters or woodsmen . The Chasseurs à Pied , as

791-551: A mobility lacking to regular foot soldiers. In the 18th and 19th centuries most infantry regiments or battalions had a light company as an integral part of its composition. Its members were often smaller, more agile men with high shooting ability and capability of using initiative. They did not usually fight in disciplined ranks as did the ordinary infantry but often in widely dispersed groups, necessitating an understanding of skirmish warfare. They were expected to avoid melee engagements unless necessary and would fight ahead of

904-698: A parade drill which involved carrying rifles parallel to the ground ("at the trail") and dark green cloth helmets instead of dark blue. Light infantry badges always incorporated bugle horns as a central feature. In the Second World War , the use of light infantry was revived in what became the British Commandos and the Parachute Regiment . Because of the nature of their role and deployment, they were more lightly equipped than most infantry battalions. The Parachute Regiment has survived to this day, while

1017-401: A population density of 393 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,020/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.33%. Nashik has a sex ratio of 931 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.96%. 42.53% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 9.08% and 25.62% of the population respectively. Hinduism

1130-677: A rebellion by the former governor of Malwa. They were soon reinforced and ravaged much of what is now Nashik district. At this time Shahuji Bhosle now claim rulership over much of Nashik, and was soon to be given the Galna fort, but this was taken by the Mughals. In 1633, Shah Jahan himself came to the Deccan and conquered the various hill forts in Nashik district from Shahaji. In 1637, the Mughals under then-governor Aurangzeb decided to conquer Baglana, which soon submitted. French merchant Tavernier noted that Baglana

1243-495: A reduced vehicle footprint. Light infantry units lack the greater firepower, operational mobility and protection of mechanized or armored units, but possess greater tactical mobility and the ability to execute missions in severely restrictive terrain and in areas where weather makes vehicular mobility difficult. Light infantry forces typically rely on their ability to operate under restrictive conditions, surprise, violence of action, training, stealth, field craft, and fitness levels of

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1356-551: A skirmishing role have kept their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition. The concept of a skirmishing screen is a very old one and was already well-established in Ancient Greece and Roman times in the form, for example, of the Greek peltast and psiloi , and the Roman velites . As with the so-called "light infantry" of later periods, the term more adequately describes

1469-555: A true "light infantry" unit, (they were assigned their own artillery, carried double load of everything, and had a slower marching pace of 45 steps per minute), the Alpini were trained as jagers and skirmishers, introducing the use of skis and climbing training for all of their recruits. Those two corps still exist today, but in recent years the Bersaglieri have become a mechanised infantry unit, working closely with armoured units, and up until

1582-623: A unit from the Maratha Light Infantry led the parade on the Parisian boulevard of Champs-Élysées on 14 July 2009, when the then Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh was the guest of honour of the ceremony. The regimental insignia consists of a bugle and cords with a pair of crossed swords and a shield, mounted by the Lion Capital of Ashoka . The bugle represents the light infantry mode of combat by skirmishers, controlled by orders issued on

1695-600: A war between the Bahamanis and Gujarat, Ahmad Shah Bahmani ravaged Baglana and tried to take the fort of Tambol. Near the end of the 15th century, a Maratha chieftain took the fort of Galna, near Malegaon, and plundered the surrounding land. In 1487 the governor of Daulatabad Malik Ashraf, along with his brother Malik Wagi, retook Galna and restored peace to the roads so that merchants were safe again. In 1498, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Berar made an alliance under which Galna became part of Ahmadnagar. in 1499, Ahmad Nizam Shah subjugated

1808-457: A wide stretch and give rise to table land type of topography also known as a plateau. These flows occur in layered sequences and represented by massive unit at the bottom and vesicular unit at the top of the flow. The shallow alluvial formation of recent age also occurs as narrow stretch along the banks of Godavari Rivers. The soils are the weathering products of Basalt and have various shades from gray to black, red and pink colour. Nashik District

1921-475: Is a noted for the mountains and hills occupying the north and north-east of its territory. These hill ranges are eastward spurs of the Western Ghats and form prominent landmarks in the district, some noted for the shrines they harbor while others for the trekking adventures which can be undertaken while ascending the peaks. Broadly categorized, the hills can be segregated into 3 noteworthy ranges: The region has

2034-610: Is composed of units capable of rapidly engaging in combat anywhere in Brazil. Each of the three regular army regiments ( Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry , Royal Canadian Regiment and Royal 22 Régiment ) maintains their third battalion as light infantry capable in airborne, mountain, and amphibious operations, with varying degrees of capability. All reserve infantry units are classed as light infantry, all with varying degrees of capability. Finnish infantry units are also known as Jäger (Finnish pl. Jääkärit , Swedish pl. Jägarna ),

2147-610: Is evidence to the long history and valour of the regiment. Some of these honours have been declared repugnant after the independence of the country. Pre-independence Post-independence 1914–1921 1922–1938 1939–1947 Light infantry Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry . Historically, light infantry often fought as scouts , raiders , and skirmishers . These are loose formations that fight ahead of

2260-521: Is often cited as proof of concept. Almost 30,000 U.S. Forces, mostly light, deployed to Panama within a 48-hour period to execute combat operations. On 30 September 1985, the 29th Infantry Division (Maryland and Virginia Army National Guard) was reactivated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia as the only light Infantry Division in the US Army's reserve components. During the Falklands War in 1982, both Argentina and

2373-652: Is possible. The western slope of the Ghats is drained by several rivers, including the Daman Ganga River , which drains westwards to the Arabian Sea . The larger eastern portion of the district, which lies on the Deccan Plateau , is open, fertile, and well cultivated. The Satmala-Chandwad Range , which runs east and west, forms the chief divide of the plateau region. Peninsular India's largest river Godavari originates in

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2486-462: Is the main religion, and is over 97% in rural areas. Islam and Buddhism are smaller religions. Malegaon, the second-largest city, is a Muslim-majority city. Nashik is a center of Hindu pilgrimage as the source of the Godavari River. There are many ancient Buddhist monuments in the region. Languages in Nashik district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 72.42% of the population in

2599-514: The 60th Royal Americans (later the King's Royal Rifle Corps ) was raised in 1797, and an "Experimental Corps of Riflemen" (later the 95th Rifles and then the Rifle Brigade ) in 1800. Both were equipped with green jackets and Baker rifles . Some extant regiments began to be designated "Light Infantry" at this point, receiving skirmishing training but generally still equipped with red coats and muskets. In

2712-559: The 80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot ), though most if not all had been disbanded by the middle of the 1760s. From 1770, all regular battalions were required to designate one of their ten companies a "Light Company", though their training in skirmishing was poor and inconsistent. Dedicated rifle and light infantry regiments began to be formed or converted in the Napoleonic Wars , to counter the French Chasseurs . A new battalion of

2825-650: The Ancien Régime' s Chasseur battalions were merged with volunteer battalions in new units called Light Infantry half-brigades ( demi-brigades d’infanterie légère ). In 1803, the half-brigades were renamed regiments. These units had three battalions of three regular Chasseurs companies, one elite Carabiniers company and one reconnaissance voltigeurs company. In Napoléon's Imperial Guard , many units used names linked to light infantry: In Bourbon royalist The Napoleonic light infantry regiments existed until 1854, but there were very few differences between them and

2938-626: The Maratha Navy had dominated the military scene in India for three centuries. The 1st battalion of the regiment, known as Jangi Paltan ("the fighting unit"), was raised in August 1768 as the 2nd Battalion, Bombay Sepoys , to protect the British East India Company ’s possessions on the islands of Bombay . The second battalion known as Kali Panchwin followed the next year as the 3rd Battalion, Bombay Sepoys . These two battalions were at

3051-456: The Napoleonic Wars , light infantry were called voltigeurs and chasseurs and the sharpshooters tirailleurs . The Austrian army had Grenzer regiments from the middle of the 18th century, who originally served as irregular militia skirmishers recruited from frontier areas. They were gradually absorbed into the line infantry becoming a hybrid type that proved successful against the French, to

3164-526: The Peninsular War , a Light Brigade and later a Light Division were formed, at some points incorporating Portuguese Caçadores . By the Crimean War , rifles had become universal and tactics had substantially changed. This meant that the distinctions between light and line infantry were effectively limited to details such as name, a rapid march of 140 steps per minute, buglers instead of drummers and fifers,

3277-591: The Royal Marine Commandos are directly descended from those units formed in the Second World War. Most of the old light infantry and rifle regiments were administratively grouped in a new Light Division in 1968. The British Army ordered regimental amalgamations in 1957 , 1966 , 1990 and 2003 . The Rifles (the largest infantry regiment in the British Army) was formed in 2007 from the amalgamation of

3390-531: The Saka Kshatrapas conquered Nashik from the Sathavahanas, who were forced to retreat southeast to a small territory around their capital Pratishthana. and Nashik was ruled by a Saka Nahapana in the 1st century CE. Nahapana's son in law, Ushadevata, described his charitable contributions of donating villages to gods and Brahmins, and constructing infrastructure such as dharamshalas and ferries, in inscriptions in

3503-754: The Sino-Indian War , the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971 , against the Chinese on the Sikkim watershed in 1956, Operation Pawan , the ongoing operations on the Siachen Glacier and in numerous counter insurgency operations. The Maratha Light Infantry consists of the following battalions - The following units are affiliated to the regiment - The regimental centre has been in Belgaum , Karnataka, since 1922, which

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3616-501: The Tapti River . The Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple is located in Trimbak , one of the twelve Jyotirlingas , where a set of Hindu genealogy registers at Trimbakeshwar are maintained. The origin of the sacred Godavari River is at Brahmagiri peak near Trimbak. In February 2016, The Statue of Ahimsa , a 108 ft idol of first Jain tirthankara Rishabhdev carved in monolithic stone

3729-519: The line infantry regiments, so the 25 remaining light infantry regiments were transformed to line infantry in 1854. Although the traditions of these different branches of the French Army are very different, there is still a tendency to confuse one with the other. For example, when World War I veteran Léon Weil died, the AFP press agency stated that he was a member of the 5th "Regiment de Chasseurs Alpins". It

3842-415: The marksmen of the French army, were considered an elite. The first unit raised was Jean Chrétien Fischer 's Free Hunter Company in 1743. Early units were often a mix of cavalry and infantry. In 1776, all Chasseurs units were re-organized into six battalions, each linked to a cavalry regiment ( Chasseurs à cheval ). In 1788, the link between infantry battalions and cavalry regiments was broken. In 1793,

3955-537: The 1980s, the United States Army increased light forces to address contingencies and increased threats requiring a more deployable force able to operate in restrictive environments for limited periods. At its height, this included the 6th Infantry Division (light), 7th Infantry Division (light), 10th Mountain Division (light infantry), 25th Infantry Division , and the 75th Ranger Regiment . Operation Just Cause

4068-567: The 1990s, the concept of purely light forces in the US military came under scrutiny due to their decreased lethality and survivability. This scrutiny has resulted in the Stryker Brigade Combat Team , a greater focus on task organized units (such as Marine Expeditionary Units ) and a reduction of purely light forces. Despite their reduction, light forces have proven successful in Afghanistan ( Operation Enduring Freedom ), underlining

4181-704: The 1st battalion, 9th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry in December 1800. In the second half of the 19th century, the battalions fought in various campaigns from the Middle East to China. In recognition of the gallant conduct of its detachments at the siege of Kahun and the defence of Dadar, in Baluch territory during the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1841, the Kali Panchwin was created Light Infantry. Later, this honour

4294-752: The 7th and 8th centuries, Nashik was ruled by a feudal family who claimed descent from Harischandra. However this family was overthrown by the Rashtrakutas under Dantidurga . Afterwards, the Rashtrakutas held this territory and there are records of land grants to Brahmins from king Govinda III. The Rashtrakutas eventually became weak and were replaced by the Western Chalukyas . The Seuna dynasty , or Yadava dynasty, originated around Nashik, with their first ruler, Dridhapahara , ruling from Srinagara, now in Nashik district. His successor Seunachandra lent his name to

4407-543: The Army reorganization of 1911, but were recreated in 1926 as high readiness units, responsible for defending the border and other strategic points of the Country until the line units could be mobilized. In the 1950s, the designation caçadores started to be also given to the expeditionary provisional light infantry battalions and independent companies responsible for reinforcing the overseas territories garrisons. These units constituted

4520-689: The Bhils to fight against the British. However, eventually the district fell to the British. In the 18th century, the present-day Nashik district was part of the Maratha Confederacy , within the territory controlled directly by the Maratha Peshwa . The district contains several old hill forts, the scenes of many engagements during the Anglo-Maratha Wars . The district became British territory in 1818 on

4633-459: The Deccan and became independent, and held the present-day Nashik district. When Trimbakrao Dabhade , supported by the Nizam, rose up against Bajirao I , the Nizam ravaged the territory of enemy chiefs of Baglana and other areas in northern Nashik, but he and Dabhade were crushed. Soon the Nizam's own son, who controlled Baglana fort, rebelled, and rebellion spread to other parts in the district, but this

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4746-727: The Irish Army are light infantry soldiers. Most of the states of the Italian peninsula had their own units of skirmishers before Italian unification . One of the few that survived it were the Sardinian Bersaglieri , who were formed in 1836. They became some of the most iconic soldiers in Italian Army and were its "quick reaction force". The Alpini are the Italian Army's elite mountain troops, founded in 1875. Although they may not seem

4859-691: The Maratha Empire. In 1768, Raghunathrao , who had fallen out of favour with the Peshwa, rebelled at Nashik. Although he failed in this rebellion, he soon murdered his nephew the Peshwa and usurped the seat, but was soon forced to flee to the English. During the First Anglo-Maratha War, the Kolis of Khandesh had been incited to rebellion by Raghunathrao, but this was soon crushed. In 1802, a civil war broke out in

4972-643: The Maratha camp and Pindari raiders devastated Nashik, resulting in a famine. During the famine the Bhils fled to the hills, and after the famine raided the plain villages. The Marathas responded with brutal massacres of the Bhils, but this failed to stop the raiding, and landlords soon hired Arab mercenaries who soon became the main moneylenders. During the Third Anglo-Maratha War the Holkars were forced to give up northern Khandesh. In 1818, Trimbakji Dengle organised

5085-517: The Marathas and Mughals, and forts were taken and re-taken constantly. At the time of Aurangzeb's death, Nashik was part of Sangamner Sarkar under Aurangabad Subah while Baglana was part of Khandesh subah. In 1715, Khandoji Dabhade collected chauth on behalf of the Maratha Emperor, particularly targeting merchants going from Surat. The Mughals sent an expedition against him but were utterly crushed in

5198-458: The Mesopotamia war as part of the same brigade. The British Army Light Infantry regiments wore green hackles during this time. As a symbol of this association, the green portion was added to the red, thus forming the present red and green hackle. The working dress does not have the hackle. The Regiment initially had a unique lanyard around the neck with ends in both front pockets. This was changed to

5311-430: The Mughals in the Battle of Vani Dindori . Eventually Shivaji captured Samner. For some time afterwards, Shivaji and the Mughals engaged in back-and-forth raiding, but in 1672 another battle was fought before Salher, where the Marathas destroyed the Mughal force. In 1681, Muhammad Akbar, son of Aurangzeb, fled through Baglana on his way to seek shelter in Sambhaji's court. Nashik was the site of many other battles between

5424-465: The Narmada, with many of the most important rebel leaders fleeing south into the mountains. There Man Dev, ruler of the mountainous region of Salher and Malher, took the rebels captive and seized their goods. A large portion of Nashik fell under the province of Daulatabad in the Delhi Sultanate. In 1347, when the Delhi Sultanate lost control of the Deccan and the Bahmani Sultanate rose, much of Nashik became independent. Parts of Nashik continued to be under

5537-423: The Pandavlena Gutta Caves. He had a cave excavated near Nashik for Buddhist monks and assigned a village to Bhikkus for their maintenance. Later the Sathavahanas under Gautamiputra Sakarni defeated Nahapana and restored their rule in Nashik, as evidenced by an inscription in the Nashik Caves. During Sathavahana times, Nashik district was very prosperous. It was on the highway from Prathisthana and Bharuch, and Nashik

5650-415: The Ramayana, Rama stayed in the region for a time in caves now called Sita Gufa, and killed Rakshasas who were harassing rishis. From here Ravana abducted Sita. The earliest mention of Nashik comes from a Varttika of Katyanana on Panini Sutra, where he calls a town Nashika as a Nagara. It is mentioned again in Brihatsamhita of Varamihira, Vayu, Varaha and other Puranas, as a Tirtha. At the time Govardhana

5763-405: The United Kingdom made heavy use of light infantry and its doctrines during the campaign, most notably the Argentine 5th Naval Infantry Battalion (Argentina) and 25th Infantry Regiment (Argentina) and the British Parachute Regiment and Royal Marines of 3 Commando Brigade . Due to the rocky and mountainous terrain of the Falkland Islands , operations on the ground were only made possible with

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5876-408: The battle cry – Har Har Mahadev (Victory To Lord Shiva) during the Second World War. The soldiers of Maratha Light Infantry have a quick march speed of 140 steps in a minute, while a standard pace for a quick march is 120 beats per minute with a 30-inch step. The regiment has won the best marching contingent twice at the Republic Day parade . On the occasion of the 221st Bastille day celebrations,

5989-449: The battle of Jebel Hamrin, 1917). The Second World War saw the Marathas at the forefront in almost every theatre of operations from the jungles of Southeast Asia to the deserts of North Africa , and the mountains and rivers of Italy. The war also saw the expansion of the regiment when thirteen new war service battalions were raised. Most of these were later demobilised after the war, whilst two were converted into artillery regiments. During

6102-413: The beginning of the 1960s, Portuguese Army raised special forces companies of that were named caçadores especiais (special huntsmen). The caçadores especiais wore a brown beret in the colour of the uniforms of the caçadores of the Peninsular War. These units were later abolished and the brown beret started to be used by most of the units of the Portuguese Army. In 1975, the designation " caçadores "

6215-461: The bugles. The uniform consists of a green beret (common to all infantry units in India), which has the regimental crest and a red and green hackle . The two-coloured hackle has a history. During 1788, the Bombay Army was reorganised into the 1st and 2nd Brigades. Red plumes adorned the headgear of the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Brigade. The Marathas and the 1st Battalion of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry fought alongside each other in

6328-510: The bulk of the Portuguese forces engaged in the several theatres of the Portuguese Overseas War , from 1961 to 1975. Colonial troops with this title also existed, being recruited among both Portuguese European settlers and from indigenous populations. In the 1950s, the Portuguese Air Force formed a unit of paratroopers called caçadores paraquedistas ("parachutist hunters"). Additional battalions of caçadores paraquedistas were later created in Angola , Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea . At

6441-400: The chief Pratapshah. In the Ain-i-Akbari, Baglan is described as mountainous and containing 8000 cavalry and 5000 infantry with seven forts, of which Mulher and Salher, were particularly strong. Elsewhere, the district enjoyed peace under Salabat Khan, minister of Ahmadnagar. However, in 1600, Ahmadnagar fell to the Mughals and Nashik fort fell soon after in 1601. Most of Nashik then fell into

6554-889: The command structure, LIDs are directly answerable to the Commander in Chief of Army whereas MOCs are subordinate to their respective Regional Military Command. As for unit patches, LIDs have their own division patches where MOCs do not have distinctive patches and wear RMC's patch instead. LIDs in Burmese are called ခြေမြန်တပ်မဌာနချုပ် (တမခ) whereas MOCs are called စစ်ဆင်ရေးကွပ်ကဲမှုဌာနချုပ် (စကခ). Both Light Infantry Divisions and MOCs are have an officer ranked Brigadier General as their General Officer Commanding, Colonel as Second in Command and Lieutenant Colonel as Division Chief of Staff (informally Division G/A/Q). Units designated as " Light Infantry Divisions " are Military Operation Commands: Units designated as " Military Operation Commands " are Since No. (11) Light Infantry Division has already been reformed, No. (11) Military Operation Command

6667-429: The continued need for light infantry. There are three light infantry brigades, (4ª Brigada de Infantaria Leve de Montanha, 11ª Brigada de Infantaria Leve and 12ª Brigada de Infantaria Leve Aeromóvel), and an airborne infantry brigade (Brigada de Infantaria Paraquedista). The 12º Light Infantry Brigade and the Airborne Infantry Brigade both belong to the Força de Ação Rápida Estratégica (Quick Strategic Action Force), which

6780-408: The conversion of the 21st battalion into the 21st battalion, Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) and the 115 Infantry Battalion (TA) being transferred to the Mahar Regiment . Since independence, battalions of the Maratha Light Infantry have taken part in every Indian armed conflict — the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 , the Annexation of Junagadh , the Annexation of Hyderabad , the Annexation of Goa ,

6893-454: The country, Seunadesha, and his empire extended from Nashik to Devagiri . In Anjaneri near Nashik ruled a minor branch of the Yadavas. Originally feudatories of the Western Chalukyas, the Yadavas expanded their empire far, defeating the Kakakiyas , Paramaras and other foes, and shifted their capital to Devagiri. In 1298 however, Alauddin Khilji 's army invaded the Yadavas and forced king Ramachandra to pay tribute. At this time, his power

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7006-433: The district in the Trimbakeshwar Range and continues eastwards through the district. The Satmala-Chandwad Range forms a watershed, such that, the rivers emerging to its south drain into the Godavari . These include the Kadva and Darna both of which are tributaries of the Godavari . To the north of the Satmala-Chandwad Range , the Girna River and its tributary, the Mosam , flow eastward through fertile valleys into

7119-489: The district spoke Marathi , 8.56% Urdu , 5.74% Khandeshi , 5.15% Hindi , 2.44% Bhili and 2.08% Kukna as their first language. Marathi is the official and main language spoken. Bhil languages are spoken in the northwest of the district, while Khandeshi is the dialect of the northeastern part of the district. Administratively, the district is divided into fifteen talukas , which are grouped into four sub-divisions: The Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha ( Kumbha Mela )

7232-421: The early 1930s. Until 2006 the modern Spanish Army maintained a Brigada de Cazadores de Montaña "Aragón I" (Mountain Huntsmen Brigade "Aragón I") The British Army first experimented with light infantry in the French and Indian War , to counter the tactics used by the French-allied Native Americans . Along with secondment of regular infantry, several specialised units were raised (including Rogers' Rangers and

7345-436: The eve of World War I, the British Army included seven light infantry regiments. These differed from other infantry only in maintaining such traditional distinctions as badges that included a bugle-horn, dark green home service helmets for full dress , and a fast-stepping parade ground march. Today the term "light" denotes, in the United States table of organization and equipment , units lacking heavy weapons and armor or with

7458-612: The extent that Napoleon recruited several units of Austrian army Grenzer to his own army after victory over Austria in 1809 compelled the Austrians to cede territories from which they were traditionally recruited. In Portugal, 1797, companies of Caçadores (Hunters) were created in the Portuguese Army, and in 1808 led to the formation of independent "Caçador" battalions that became known for their ability to perform precision shooting at long distances. Light infantry officers sometimes carried muskets or rifles , rather than pistols , and their swords were light curved sabres ; as opposed to

7571-407: The forefront of virtually every major engagement fought on the west coast from Surat to Cannanore during the last quarter of the 18th century. Prominent amongst these were the historic battles of Seedaseer and Seringapatam , where in the words of Richard Wellesley their conduct and success were seldom equalled and never surpassed . The turn of the 19th century was witness to the expansion of

7684-517: The hands of Mian Raju, who divided the territory with his rival Malik Ambar. After Raju's defeat to Malik Ambar Nashik again enjoyed peace. However, in 1611, the Mughals launched another invasion of Ahmadnagar led by Abdullah Khan, which passed through Nashik. When Malik Ambar and the Marathas crushed this invasion, the remnants fled back to Baglana. Early in the reign of Shah Jahan, the Mughals launched 8000 cavalry, bolstered with 400 cavalry from Baglana, to take Nashik, Trimbak and Sangamner and to crush

7797-493: The heavy, straighter swords of other infantry officers. Orders were sent by bugle or whistle instead of drums (since the sound of a bugle carries further and it is difficult to move fast when carrying a drum). Some armies, including the British and French , recruited whole regiments (or converted existing ones) of light infantry. These were considered elite units , since they required specialised training with emphasis on self-discipline , manoeuvre and initiative to carry out

7910-425: The historic Light Infantry regiments now survive as separate entities within the modern British Army. Today, "Light role infantry" is a designation that can be applied to an infantry battalion of any regiment. Light role infantry are not (by default) equipped with armoured vehicles (unlike Armoured Infantry or Mechanised Infantry ). In 1780, General George Washington published an order of battle which included

8023-468: The individual soldiers to compensate for their reduced lethality. Despite the usage of the term "light", forces in a light unit will normally carry heavier individual loads vis-à-vis other forces; they must carry everything they require to fight, survive and win due to lack of vehicles. Although units like the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) and the 82nd Airborne Division are categorized as Air Assault Infantry and Airborne Infantry respectively, they fall under

8136-412: The integration of the erstwhile princely states, the 19th, 20th, 22nd battalions were amalgamated, from the state forces of Satara , Kolhapur , Baroda , and Hyderabad , with the regiment. The expansion of the Indian Army to meet the omnipresent threat to its borders has seen the regiment grow to its present strength of 18 regular battalions and two Territorial Army battalions whilst the period also saw

8249-575: The long drawn-out Mesopotamia campaign . The 117th Mahrattas (present 5th battalion, Maratha Light Infantry) was made into a Royal battalion for its conspicuously distinctive service during its campaign in Mesopotamia , particularly in the events leading to enemy capitulation after the bitter 146-day siege at Kut-el-Amara . The battalion was mostly composed of Marathas from the Khandesh region and Nashik district . For some unclear reasons even after winning,

8362-500: The main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for screening the main body of a military formation. Post- World War II , the term "light infantry" evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including commando and airborne units) that emphasized speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held

8475-608: The main difference in term of organisational structure is that LIDs' 10 battalions are all Light Infantry whereas for MOC, it's 7 Infantry Battalions (Motorised) and 3 Infantry Battalions (Mechanised). Both have an intermediate layer between the Battalions and Division HQ called Tactical Operation Command . A TOC is a unit that commands up to 3 battalions. Essentially, LIDs are made up of 3 TOC and 1 battalion under HQ as reserve whereas MOCs are made up of 2 TOC (Motorised) and 1 TOC (Mechanised) with an IB (Motorised) under HQ as reserve. As for

8588-946: The mainline to harass the enemy before falling back to the main position. During the period 1777–1781, the Continental Army of the United States adopted the British Army practice of seasonally drafting light infantry regiments as temporary units during active field operations, by combining existing light infantry companies detached from their parent regiments. Light infantry sometimes carried lighter muskets than ordinary infantrymen while others carried rifles and wore rifle green uniforms. These became designated as rifle regiments in Britain and Jäger and Schützen (sharpshooter) regiments in German-speaking Europe. In France, during

8701-543: The mid-1990s had their own tank and artillery units. Other units that can be classified as light infantry are: As of current, it's reported that Myanmar Army has total of 10 units designated as a "Light Infantry Division" and 20 units designated as "Military Operation Command". Two units are mostly similar in term of organisational structure. One of the main differences is that LIDs are mostly numbered in double digits like 11, 22, 33, 44 whereas MOCs are numbered sequelly. Both commands 10 battalions . While not that obvious, one of

8814-552: The modern era frequently relied on irregulars to perform the duties of light infantry skirmishers. In particular, the French Army employed detachments of German and Balkan mercenaries to serve as patrols in the rough country until a permanent corps of Mountain Fusiliers ( Fusiliers des Montagnes ) was raised in the 1740s. In the 17th century, dragoons were sometimes employed as the skirmishers of their day, as mounted infantrymen who rode into battle but dismounted to fight, giving them

8927-454: The mountains near Nashik. Another expedition failed to stop the Marathas. The Sayyid brothers then ruling Delhi sought a negotiated peace, and Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath negotiated a peace which saw the Marathas gaining grants of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi over Nashik, the northern part of which comprised the districts of Bagalana and Galna, although the territory was still nominally under Mughal control. However Nizam-ul-Mulk soon gained power in

9040-448: The overall concept of light infantry. They are typically infantry intended for difficult terrain such as mountains or arctic conditions (US Marines) ( Royal Marines , United States Army 10th Mountain Division , United States Army 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain) , Italian Army Alpini , French Army 27ème bataillon de chasseurs alpins ) or jungle (1st Scout Ranger Regiment, Brazilian Army Jungle Infantry Brigades). In

9153-497: The overthrow of the Peshwa . The present-day district was initially divided between Kandesh and Ahmadnagar districts of Bombay Presidency , a province of British India . Nashik district was created in 1869. The population in 1901 was 816,504, showing a decrease of 3% in the decade 1891–1901. The principal crops were millet, wheat, pulse, oil-seeds, cotton and sugar cane. There were also some vineyards, and much garden cultivation. Yeola

9266-645: The province of Daulatabad under the Bahamanis, but neither they or the Delhi Sultanate had any control over the Chandvad or Satmala Hills, or Baglana. In 1366, when the Bahamani sultan had to withdraw troops for fighting elsewhere in the Deccan, the Baglana chief took part in an unsuccessful Maratha revolt along with Bahram Khan against the Bahamanis. At the turn of the 15th century, Baglana had become tributary to Gujarat. During

9379-579: The recruitment pattern is as follows– Tradesmen (clerk, sweeper, barber etc.) are recruited from all Indian classes. The Maratha Confederacy was a potent force in India from the 17th to 19th centuries. Their military qualities were brilliantly optimised in their historical campaigns against the Mughal Empire under the leadership of the Chhatrapati Shivaji and succeeding Maratha rulers. Maratha armies, comprising both infantry and light cavalry, and

9492-557: The regiment did not return to India. The 114th Mahrattas (present Regimental Centre) was awarded 28 gallantry awards for their performance in the battle of Sharquat , the highest earned by any unit in a single action. The other Maratha battalions, namely the 105th Mahratta Light Infantry , 110th Mahratta Light Infantry and 116th Mahrattas also acquitted themselves in Palestine and Mesopotamia. The 105th lost its commanding officer in action (Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Richard Inglis Chitty at

9605-635: The regimental group with the raising of the 3rd battalion as the 2nd battalion, 5th ( Travancore ) Regiment of the Bombay Native Infantry in 1797. The Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre was raised in March 1800 as the 2nd battalion, 7th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry; the 4th battalion in April 1800 as the 2nd battalion, 8th Regiment Bombay Infantry and the 5th battalion from the Bombay Fencibles as

9718-811: The regimental title. Till the First World War, each unit had its own colours. In 1922, with the creation of the Maratha Group, the Red, Black, and Grey colours of the 114 Marathas (which became the Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre) were adopted as the regimental colours. The regiment has 56 battle honours to its credit, 14 predating the World War I and spanning wars in Afghanistan, China, Burma and British East Africa. The list of battle honours

9831-613: The regiments of the Light Division. The Rifles maintain the traditional quick parade march of all British light infantry, the Rifle Brigade 's " rifle green " No 1 dress with blackened buttons and black leather belts, and many other traditions and "golden threads" of its parent regiments. The only rifle regiment not to become part of the Rifles was the Royal Gurkha Rifles . Following a series of amalgamations and one disbandment, none of

9944-406: The role of such infantry rather than the actual weight of their equipment. Peltast equipment, for example, grew steadily heavier at the same time as hoplite equipment grew lighter. It was the fact that peltasts fought in open order as skirmishers that made them light infantry and that hoplites fought in the battle line in a phalanx formation that made them heavy infantry. Early regular armies of

10057-462: The roles of light infantry as well as those of ordinary infantry. By the late 19th century, the concept of fighting in formation was on the wane due to advancements in weaponry and the distinctions between light and heavy infantry began to disappear. Essentially, all infantry became light infantry in operational practice. Some regiments retained the name and customs, but there was in effect little difference between them and other infantry regiments. On

10170-504: The ruler of Galna, but after Malik Wagi's murder the local chiefs of Nashik reasserted their independence. In 1507, Ahmad Nizam Shah reconquered the chiefs, but after his death in 1508, the ruler of Galna threw off Sultanate rule again. He was only brought to heel again in 1530, when Burhan Nizam Shah stormed the fort. At this time, the Gujarat Sultanate was at its most powerful and included Nashik, Trimbakeshwar and Baglana, whose chief

10283-476: The same training; including skirmishing. At the same time strelkovyi [стрелковый] battalions were introduced. These undertook light infantry functions when the skirmishing skills of line infantry were insufficient. Historically the Spanish infantry included several battalions of light infantry that were designated as Cazadores . These units were incorporated into the ordinary infantry following army reorganization in

10396-430: The south, Thane district to the southwest, Valsad and Navsari districts of Gujarat to the west, and The Dangs district of Gujarat state to the northwest. The Western Ghats or Sahyadri range stretches from north to south across the western portion of the district. With the exception of the westernmost few villages, the western portion is hilly, and intersected by ravines, and only the simplest kind of cultivation

10509-411: The standard lanyard in 2002. This green lanyard is worn on the left shoulder. The exception is the 5th Battalion of the regiment, which wears a blue lanyard on the right shoulder, as an honour for the title “Royal”, for its outstanding operations in Mesopotamia in World War I. The rank epaulettes consist of the words MARATHI LI in capitals. In ceremonial dress, the regimental crest is present in addition to

10622-760: The turn of the 6th century CE. Afterwards, the Vishnukundin ruler Madhavavarman extended his rule to Nashik. In 550 however, the Vishnukundinas were displaced by the Kalachuris of Mahishmati . Coins of Kalachuri king Krishnaraja have been found in Nashik district. However the Kalahchuris under Buddharaja were defeated by the Chalukyas under Mangalesha , and were made feudatories of them. Under his successor Pulakeshin II , Nashik

10735-479: The use of light infantry because the use of mechanized infantry or armour was severely limited by of the terrain, leading to the " Yomp " across the Falklands, in which Royal Marines and Paras yomped (and tabbed) with their equipment across the islands, covering 56 miles (90 km) in three days carrying 80-pound (36 kg) loads after disembarking from ships at San Carlos on East Falkland , on 21 May 1982. During

10848-511: The war Naik Yeshwant Ghadge and Sepoy Namdeo Jadhav were decorated with the Victoria Cross in the Italian campaign, while 130 other decorations were awarded to the regiment. The following battalions saw action during the war - Indian independence saw the regiment reverted to the original five battalions, with the 3rd Maratha Light Infantry converting to the airborne role and becoming the 2nd battalion, Parachute Regiment in April 1952. With

10961-463: The war. The Rifle Regiment was disbanded in 1821. Nashik district Nashik district is the third largest district in Maharashtra state in terms of population of 8,107,187 and occupying an area of 15,582 square kilometres in the north Maharashtra region. It is bounded by Dhule district to the north, Jalgaon district to the east, Aurangabad District to the southeast, Ahmadnagar district to

11074-661: Was a regular regiment of the Rhodesian Army, unique in having the traditions of light infantry while serving as a modern Commando regiment. The Imperial Russian Army , which was heavily influenced by the Prussian and Austrian military systems, included fifty Jäger or yegerskii [егерский] regiments in its organisation by 1812, including the Egersky Guards Regiment . They were mostly united with line infantry regiments in 1833, when almost all Russian infantry began to receive

11187-589: Was also bestowed on the 3rd and 10th Regiments of the Bombay Infantry (present 1st battalion, Maratha Light Infantry and 2nd battalion, Parachute Regiment respectively) for their gallantry in Sir Robert Napier ’s Abyssinian Campaign of 1867–1868. The regiment assumed the title 5th Mahratta Light Infantry 1922. Three Maratha battalions distinguished themselves during the First World War (1914–1918) in

11300-554: Was an important centre for weaving silk and cotton goods. There were flour-mills at Malegaon , railway workshops at Manmad and Igatpuri , and cantonments at Deolali and Malegaon. At Sharanpur was a Christian village, with an orphanage of the Church Missionary Society , founded in 1854. In 1861 the main northeast line of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway was completed across the district, and in 1878

11413-581: Was consecrated at Mangi Tungi . It is recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest Jain idol in the world. Archaeological excavations indicate the territory around Nashik was occupied in the early Stone Age. Cleavers, scrapers and hand axes have been found in Gangavadi. Other excavations from the Chalcolithic age indicate the region was occupied by a pastoral and hunting people. According to

11526-499: Was defeated, rebel Mirza Sharaf-ud-din Hussein fled towards the Deccan, but was captured by the Raja of Baglana, who surrendered the rebel to Akbar. After the annexation of Khandesh in 1599, Akbar attempted to take Baglana and laid siege to it for 7 years. However, because of the plentiful food and pastures as well as the difficulty of marching through the passes, Akbar was forced to negotiate with

11639-649: Was discontinued in the Portuguese Armed Forces . All former units of caçadores were redesigned as "infantry". Currently, every infantry soldier of the Portuguese Army is known as atirador . Today, the Portuguese Army uses the designation "light infantry" as a generic collective classification of the Paratroopers, Commandos and Special Operations troops, while the remaining infantry is classified as "motorized/mechanized infantry". The Rhodesian Light Infantry

11752-666: Was extended to Baglana in what is now Nashik district. Near Baglana ruled Rai Kiran , last of the Vaghela Dynasty , who had sought shelter with the Yadavas after his kingdom fell. When Ramachandra's successor stopped payment in 1311, Malik Kafur killed the Yadava king and annexed his domains into the Delhi Sulatanate. In 1342, Sultan Muhammad Tugluq defeated rebels in Gujarat on the banks of

11865-662: Was formally annexed into the Chalukya empire. Several scholars have claimed that Xuanzang met Pulakeshin in what is now Nashik district. After the defeat of the Kalachuris, the Chalukyas assigned the Sendrakas to govern southern Gujarat and Khandesh, including Nashik. When Pulakeshin II was killed by the Pallavas, his son Vikramaditya II appointed his brother Jayasimha to govern Nashik. During

11978-659: Was important for trade. In 250 CE the Abhiras under Ishwarasena displaced the Sathavahanas, and patronized Buddhist works near Nashik. In the west of the district ruled the Traikutakas , whose name derives from Trikuta Hill. Inscriptions of the kings Indradatta, Dahrasena and Vyaghrasena. During Vyaghrasena's reign, the Traikutakas were feudatories of the Vakatakas. The Vakatakas then took over Nashik and ruled it until their downfall around

12091-667: Was in fact the 5th Bataillon. The Indian Army of 1914 included ten regiments with "Light Infantry" in their titles. These were the: Most of these regiments lost their separate identity as a result of extensive amalgamations in 1922. The modern Indian Army retains the Maratha Light Infantry and the Sikh Light Infantry . Of the 28 infantry regiments of the modern Indian Army, the following ten are designated as "Rifles". They are distinguished by their black rank badges, black buttons on their service and ceremonial uniforms and

12204-642: Was not formed Portuguese light infantry soldiers were known as caçadores (literally "huntsmen"). Initially organized as a light company in each of the line infantry regiments, the caçadores were later organized as independent battalions. They constituted the elite light infantry of the Portuguese Army during the Peninsular War , being considered by the Duke of Wellington as the " fighting cocks of his army". They wore distinctive brown uniforms as an early form of camouflage . The caçadores units were disbanded by

12317-560: Was part of the Bombay Presidency at that time. The centre’s history comes from the conversion of the 114th Mahrattas to the 10th (Training) Battalion, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry. This unit itself traces its origins to 1800 when it was raised as the 2nd Battalion, 7th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. The battle cry of Maratha Light Infantry is बोला श्री छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज की जय ( "Bola Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Ki Jai (Say Victory to King Chhatrapati Shivaji)" ). It replaced

12430-428: Was particularly wealthy for being on the trade route between Surat and Golconda. In 1664, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj marched through Nashik district to sack Surat. in 1670, he attacked the Mughals again, entered Baglana and captured several forts in the region. In October 1670, Shivaji sacked Surat again, and while he was returning he was intercepted by the Mughals between Vani and Dindori in Nashik district. He defeated

12543-513: Was soon crushed. In 1751, Nizam Salabat Jung led a campaign against the Marathas. Meanwhile, the Marathas intended to install Salabat Jung's brother Gaziuddin as Nizam in return for ceding all lands between the Tapi and Godavari to the west of Berar. Although Gaziuddin died suddenly, allegedly due to poisoning, the Marathas surrounded Salabat Jung at Bhalki and forced him to give up the territory Gaziuddin had agreed to. So Nashik officially became part of

12656-601: Was the main town in the region. The Mauryas ruled Nashik, and after them came the Sathavanas. The Sathavahanas, originally called Andhras, came from western Maharashtra as indicated by inscriptions near Nashik. Initially the Satavahanas' kingdom under Simukha contained Nashik district, and under his successor Krishna his Mahamatra (governor) made caves for Buddhist monks in Nashik. The king Satakarni I expanded his kingdom, but during his reign Kharevala of Kalinga raided Vidarbha. Soon

12769-403: Was tributary to Gujarat. Meanwhile, the Galna chiefs again regained their independence, and it was only in 1559 that Burhan Nizam Shah would pacify them. At this time, he also laid siege to Mushir-Mulher fort, but lifted the siege after a letter from Gujarat informed him that the fort was under their protection. The Baglana chiefs continued to pay tribute and send men to Gujarat. In 1573, after he

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