55-735: The Assam Rifles ( AR ) is a Paramilitary force responsible for border security , counter-insurgency , and maintaining law and order in Northeast India and in Jammu & Kashmir in lines of Rashtriya Rifles . Its primary duty involves guarding the Indo-Myanmar border . The AR is one of the Oldest Central Para-military Forces of India administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs while operational control rests with Indian Army. As
110-404: A humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cwa ) with cool, dry winters and a slightly hot monsoon season. Imphal enjoys a moderate climate tempered by its moderately high altitude and the surrounding hills. Maximum temperatures in the hottest months average about 29 °C (84 °F); January is the coldest month, with average lows near 4 °C (39 °F), often drops to around 1 °C in
165-660: A central police force, its recruitment, perks, promotions , and retirement policies are governed by Assam Rifles Regulations. Approximately 80 percent of the officers are deputed from the Army, while the remaining are drawn from the AR cadre. The AR is commanded by the Director General of the Assam Rifles (DG AR), appointed by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The AR is often nicknamed "Sentinels of
220-488: A combat role when, during the 1962 Sino-Indian War elements were used to delay the advancing Chinese forces so that the Indian Army could establish its defence lines. During this time and since then, the Assam Rifles also maintained their peacekeeping role in the northern areas of India in the face of growing tribal unrest and insurgency. In this environment the maintenance of law and order, countering insurgency and reassuring
275-552: A literacy rate of 90.8%: 95.1% for males and 86.77% for females. 29,216 (10.54%) were under 6 years of age, 14,997 being males and 14,219 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 1,274 (0.46%) and 29,778 (10.74%) of the population respectively. Hinduism is the majority religion in Imphal. Sanamahi followers are the second-largest group, and Imphal in particular contains a famous Pakhangba temple in Kangla Fort . Christianity
330-510: A number of logistics units. The Assam Rifles consists of a Director General Headquarter in Shillong , 3 Inspectorate General Headquarters, 12 Sector Headquarters, 46 Battalions, one Training Centre and administrative elements with a total authorized strength of 65,143 personnel. HQ DGAR The Assam Rifles is commanded by an officer of the rank of Lieutenant General from the Indian Army , who
385-539: A paramilitary force known as Cachar Levy which was established by the British in 1835 in the Assam region. The Assam Rifles boasts of being the oldest paramilitary force. With approximately seven hundred and fifty men, this force was formed as a police unit to protect settlements against tribal raids and other assaults as British rule slowly moved towards the north east parts of India. Despite problems with equipment and training,
440-465: A police and military organisation. This time, however, their service would be undertaken closer to home. After the lightning Japanese advance in 1942, the Assam Rifles fought a number of Independent actions behind enemy lines as the task of rear-area defence and rear-guard often fell to them during the Allies retreat into India. Later, as a large influx of refugees fled from the advancing Japanese into India,
495-636: A tourist attraction since the Japanese war veterans constructed a monument at the foot of this hill. The Imphal War Cemetery remembers Indian and British soldiers who fought and died in 1944 during World War II and is managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission . Imphal is also home to the largest all women run market in Asia, called the Ima Keithel (Mothers' Market). It was established in
550-522: Is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the city and has direct flights to major Indian cities. Imphal is connected by the National Highway to major cities like Guwahati , Kohima , Agartala , Shillong , Dimapur , Aizawl , and Silchar . In October 2012, India's Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure approved an extension of the Jiribam –Silchar railway to Imphal. The extension was expected to reach
605-413: Is Pradeep Chandran Nair. Prior to 1965, this force was under the Ministry of External Affairs , who were looking after NEFA affairs. Later, it was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs , with Indian Army retaining operational control. From a nominal complement of only five battalions in 1947, it has grown to 46 with several range HQs. 3 training center, and a number of logistics units function under
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#1732844937725660-511: Is also spelt as "im". Even today, Imphal is occasionally pronounced as "yum-phal." Initially ruled by King Khaba, Imphal was later ruled by the Pakhangba leaders. The clan of the Ningthouja tribe originated then. The Ningthouja tribe quickly expanded and dominated the region in politics and war. Kangla Palace was built by King Khagemba and his son Khunjaoba. The palace was later destroyed by
715-563: Is known as the Director General of the Assam Rifles (DG AR). The DG AR has their office at the HQ Directorate General of Assam Rifle at Shillong , unlike other Central Armed Police Forces which are located at Delhi . HQ IGAR HQ Inspector General Assam Rifles comes next in chain of command after HQ MGAR. It is commanded by an officer of the rank of Major General from the Indian Army and exercises command and control over
770-685: Is on the banks of the Imphal River . Kangla means "dry land" in the Meitei language . It was the palace of King Pakhangba , and has religious significance with multiple temples present within the complex. It is also significant in Manipur's history with the British. Bihu Loukon is an ancient star-shaped fort made of mud situated in Maklang, Imphal West District . It was discovered in 2013. Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple
825-737: Is religious site important to both the local religion, Sanamahism , and to Hinduism. The temple is noted for its annual Durga Puja festival. India Peace Memorial at the Red Hills is located 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Imphal. The place was the scene of action and the theatre of the battle that took place between the British Army and the Japanese Forces fighting alongside the Indian National Army in World War II . Red Hill has now become
880-452: Is the capital city of the Indian state of Manipur . It is the second largest city in northeast India after Guwahati . The metropolitan centre of the city contains the ruins of Kangla Palace (officially known as Kangla Fort ), the royal seat of the former Kingdom of Manipur , surrounded by a moat . Spread over parts of the districts of Imphal West and Imphal East , the former contains
935-470: Is the state capital as well as the headquarters of the Imphal district. The civic administration of the city is under Imphal Municipal Corporation. According to Census 2011, Imphal constitutes 42.13% of the total urban population in Manipur. Hence, the history of urban local governance is longer in Imphal than in other parts of the state. The British established the Town Fund Board in Imphal in 1915, which
990-562: Is the third-largest religion, practised mainly by the hill tribes in Imphal. Islam is a minority religion practised by the Pangals , while Buddhism is practised by the Gorkhas and Jainism by migrants from the mainland. At the time of the 2011 census, 82.80% of the population spoke Manipuri , 3.65% Kabui , 2.20% Hindi , 1.39% Thadou , 1.31% Tangkhul , 1.18% Nepali , 1.11% Bengali , 1.10% Bhojpuri and 1.00% Kuki as their first language. Imphal
1045-648: The Visakhapatnam -class stealth guided missile destroyer of the Indian Navy , was named in recognition of the Indian soldiers who fought in Battle of Imphal during World War II , and is the first Indian Navy Ship (INS) named after a city in Northeast India . According to Encyclopedia Britannica , Imphal is the only city of Manipur . Imphal is derived from two words: "Yum" meaning house and "Phal" meaning "plenty" or "beautiful". In old Manipuri language, "yum"
1100-611: The British Indian Army , they also undertook a number of expeditions into remote tribal areas along the north-east frontier and into Burma. In 1924 they were sent to Malabar , which was then still part of the Madras Presidency , to carry out operations against the Mopla rebels. During World War II , the role of the Assam Rifles evolved once more as they were called upon to undertake even more varied tasks due to their status as both
1155-521: The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) were considered as Central Police Organisations (CPOs). However, as per their respective acts they all are Armed Police Forces. The paramilitary forces are made up of: Imphal Imphal ( Meitei: [im.pʰal] ; English: UK : / ˈ ɪ m f əl / , US : / ˈ ɪ m p ˌ h ʌ l / )
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#17328449377251210-749: The Middle East , and World War II , where they served mainly in Burma . After the Chinese annexation of Tibet , the AR were tasked with manning Assam's section of the Tibetan border . They were also instrumental in maintaining law and order in Arunachal Pradesh . As of the 2019–2020 report of the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are 46 battalions in the Assam Rifles with a sanctioned strength of 65,143 personnel. They perform many roles including upholding internal security under
1265-418: The " tribal belt ", the Assam Rifles have developed an ethos that is based primarily upon the notion of extending the hand of friendship with the people of the region despite the troubles that have occurred there. This has resulted in their employment in a number of developmental activities in the region as they have worked to bring order and security to it. As such, their role has been further expanded to include
1320-498: The 16th century and hosts around 5,000–6,000 women vendors who sell a variety of products. Nupi Lal Memorial Complex is a tribute to the courageous Manipuri women, who sacrificed their lives fighting for justice against the British on 12 December 1939. The Nupi Lal is considered to be one of the most important events in Manipuri history, and it is a symbol of the strength and courage of Manipuri women. Tulihal International Airport
1375-681: The 1891 Anglo-Manipur War , which the British won. The Battle of Imphal took place between March and July 1944, during World War II . The Japanese had invaded Imphal to destroy Allied forces and then invade India, but they were defeated and forced to retreat. The attack made the British realise the militarily strategic position of Imphal. Imphal lies on the Imphal Valley surrounded by nine ranges of hills at 24°48′27″N 93°56′18″E / 24.8074°N 93.9384°E / 24.8074; 93.9384 in extreme eastern India, with an average elevation of 786 metres (2,579 ft). It has
1430-515: The AR functioned under the Ministry of External Affairs . Its operational control was transferred to the Indian Army after the Sino-Indian War of 1962. It came under the administration of Ministry of Home Affairs in 1965, with the Army retaining operational control. Throughout its history, the Assam Rifles have served in various conflicts and theaters, including World War I by serving in Europe and
1485-758: The Assam Rifles have received the following military decorations - The Director General Assam Rifles ( DG AR ) is the head of the Assam Rifles. The DG AR maintains an office in the Headquarters DG AR at Shillong . Appointed by the Government of India, the DG AR reports to the Minister of Home Affairs . The holder of this rank is a Lieutenant General of the Indian Army . The position is currently held by Lt Gen Vikas Lakhera. Paramilitary forces of India India maintains 10 paramilitary forces . From 1986 to 2011
1540-524: The Assam Rifles were given the task of managing and organising this mass of humanity. They also organized a resistance group on the Indo–Burmese border to counter the Japanese invasion and to harass the enemy line of communications. This group became known as "Victor Force" (or sometimes V-Force ), and the nucleus of it was formed from platoons made up of men from the Assam Rifles. As part of this force, Assam Rifles platoons were used as covering forces during
1595-537: The British during the Anglo-Manipur War . During the reign of Maharaja Bhagyachandra, there were a number of Burmese invasions. However, the kingdom survived with the help of Maharaj Gambhir Singh . Imphal remained peaceful until 1891, when there were internal differences in the royal family. The British sent J.W. Quinton to help but the situation only grew worse and Senapati Tikendrajit was hanged. The autocratic British behaviour made people angry. This resulted in
1650-574: The HQ DGAR, Shillong. The Assam Rifles Public School is a much sought after education institute in the North East. The role of the Assam Rifles continued to evolve when in 1950 a devastating earthquake hit the Assam region and the force was called in to assist in the reconstruction of the areas and help in the resettlement and rehabilitation of those affected by it. Later the force was once again called to undertake
1705-407: The Indian government assigned the Assam Rifles its own Director General, who is sent on tenure based postings from the Indian Army . As the numbers of the force and the number of battalions gradually increased, the rank of the force commander was upgraded to Director General, which is occupied by a lieutenant general ranking officer in the Indian Army. The present Director General of the Assam Rifles
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1760-672: The Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency. The last elections took place during the 2019 Indian general elections . Rajkumar Ranjan Singh from the Bharatiya Janata Party won the election with 2,63,632 votes. Manipur State Power Distribution Company Limited is responsible for electricity supply in the city. Public Health and Engineering Department of the Manipur Government looks after both water supply, and sewage and drainage in Imphal. Roads in
1815-521: The Khuman Lampak Sports Complex. Imphal based professional football clubs NEROCA FC and TRAU FC of I-League play their home matches at this stadium. Polo has its origins in Manipur , India, where a traditional version called Sagol Kangjei was played centuries ago. British colonial officers in the 19th century adapted and popularised the game, leading to the modern version of polo that
1870-506: The Middle East. Over three thousand men from the force were provided to the Gorkha regiments of the Indian Army in this time, earning seventy-six gallantry awards during the conflict including seven Indian Order of Merit awards and five Indian Distinguished Service Medals . These men performed with such distinction that the name Assam Rifles was assigned in 1917 as recognition of their part in
1925-653: The Municipal Board was upgraded to a Municipal Council under the Manipur Municipality Act, 1994. In 2014, the council was upgraded to the status of Municipal Corporation. There are 27 wards under the Municipal Corporation, each with its own elected councillor. There are eight committees and five sections at the corporation to govern the administration of the city. There are Ward Development Committees in each ward to look after developmental activities at
1980-665: The North East" and "Friends of the Hill People". It is the oldest paramilitary force in India , originally raised in 1835 as Cachar Levy, a militia to protect tea gardens and the fertile plains of Assam against unruly tribes . Its scope increased with the expansion of British Raj in Northeast India , and it was used against insurgencies in the region . The force was redesignated as Assam Frontier Police in 1883, Assam Military Police in 1891, and East Bengal and Assam Military Police in 1913. It got its present name in 1917. After independence,
2035-429: The city are developed and maintained by the state Public Works Department. Imphal Municipal Corporation is responsible for Solid Waste Management. The state Department of Fire Services provides fire safety services in the city with one fire station, which is also the department headquarters. Imphal offers sites of religious and historical importance within and around the city. Kangla Palace (also known as Kangla Fort)
2090-455: The city by 2019. The total length of the railway line is 110.62 km. The revised estimated cost of construction for the railway line sits at Rs 9658 crore, with Rs 4927.54 crore being spent as of 2019. Khuman Lampak Main Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Imphal. It is used mostly for football and athletics. The stadium holds 30,000 people and was built in 1999. This stadium lies inside
2145-404: The coldest nights and in some clear nights drops below freezing point. Frost is observable in the winter mornings few days of the year. The city receives about 1,381 mm (54.4 in) of rain, with June and July being the wettest months. Imphal observes 42.2 days with thunder and 46.1 days with fog , annually. Thunder is common in the pre monsoon and rainy season, whereas fog mostly occurs in
2200-527: The contribution of this force in opening the region to administration and commerce was nevertheless quite significant and over time they have become known as the "right arm of the civil and [the] left arm of the military" in the region. In 1870 these existing elements were merged into three Assam Military Police battalions which were spread out in the Lushai Hills (later 1st battalion), Lakhimpur (2nd battalion) and Naga Hills (3rd battalion). A fourth battalion
2255-520: The control of the army through the conduct of counterinsurgency and border security operations, provision of aid to civilians in times of emergency, and the facilitation of communications , medical assistance and education in remote areas. In times of war they can also be used as a combat force to secure rear areas if needed. Since 2002, the force has had the role of guarding the India–Myanmar border. The present day Assam Rifles can trace its origins to
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2310-407: The corporation was Soram Sunil and was elected in 2016. The present mayor of Imphal Municipal Corporation is Laisangbam Lokeshwar and was elected to the position in 2017. Sujata Phaomei is the present Deputy Mayor. Manipur is divided into two constituencies for the purpose of Lok Sabha - Outer Manipur Parliamentary Constituency and Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency . Imphal city is part of
2365-490: The dry winter mornings which clears out in the noon. The highest recorded temperature was 36.1 °C (97.0 °F), on 29 April 1999, and the lowest temperature was −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) on 10 January 1970. Religion in Imphal At the time of the 2011 census, Imphal Municipal Council had a population of 277,196, of which 135,059 were males and 142,137 females. Imphal had a sex ratio of 1052 females per 1000 males and
2420-623: The field. The MGAR are commanded by officers of the rank of Lieutenant Colonel from the Army. Workshop The workshop are co-located with the MGAR to provide repair and recovery cover to the field formations. These workshops further provide detachments to the Sector HQs to provide repair and recovery cover as far forward as possible to the battalions. The areas covered by the Assam Rifle are themselves divided into sectors: NDRF Battalion Members of
2475-588: The latter stages of the Burma Campaign . Other elements fought in the defensive "boxes" around Kohima , whilst another, from the 4th Battalion, trained as airborne troops, was dropped near the Sittang River behind Japanese lines. The 1st Battalion, as part of Lushai Brigade was sent ahead of the rest of the force to provide resistance in the Chin Hills . As a testament to the performance of Assam Rifles men during
2530-469: The majority of the city's area and population. Imphal is part of the Smart Cities Mission under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs . Being a mega commercial hub, Imphal is known for its weaving, brass-ware, bronze-ware, and other cottage industries. Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language ) is the most widely spoken language in the city. INS Imphal , the third ship of
2585-556: The people of the region became important tasks for the security forces and initially they fell to the Assam Rifles before the Army assumed control, and then later their experience and goodwill in the region was drawn upon in order to assist the army in conducting these tasks. In recognition of the unit's skill in counterinsurgency operations, three battalions were deployed on Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka between December 1988 and February 1990. Through its deployment in what has become known as
2640-445: The provision of medical assistance and basic education, assisting in reconstruction and agriculture and handling communications in remote areas. From a force of 5 battalions in 1947, the Assam Rifles has grown substantially over the years. In 1960 there were 17 battalions, in 1968 there were 21 and today there are 46 battalions. In addition, the force has several area HQs, a training centre that processes up to 1,800 recruits at time, and
2695-508: The sector HQs. Sector HQ The Sector HQ are commanded by Army Officers of the rank of Brigadier from the Army. The Sector HQ exercises direct command and control over the Assam Rifles Battalions deployed in its area of responsibility. Maintenance Group Assam Rifles (MGAR) The Maintenance Groups located at various location provide the requisite administrative support to the Assam Rifles formations and battalions deployed in
2750-511: The war, members of the unit received forty-eight gallantry awards. These included: three MBE 's, five Military Crosses , 4 Orders of British India , one Indian Order of Merit , 13 Military Medals , 15 Indian Distinguished Service Medals and 7 British Empire Medals . Following the end of the war the five Assam Rifles battalions became part of the civil police under the Assam Inspector General of Police. After independence, however,
2805-495: The war. Elements of the force were also utilised in India during the war, being used to maintain internal security in order to free up troops from the army for use overseas. During this time, the most notable action occurred in 1917 when columns of the Assam Rifles were despatched to Patna , to restore law and order in the riot-torn city. After the war the force returned to northern India where they were used to maintain security amidst growing civil unrest and disorder. In concert with
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#17328449377252860-436: The ward level. The local ward councillor is the chairperson of the committee, which includes two elected and two nominated members as well. The last election to the corporation was in 2016, with INC winning 12 seats, BJP winning 10 seats, and independent candidates winning 5 seats. According to the Manipur Municipality Act, 1994, the mayor is indirectly elected by the elected councillors from among themselves. The first mayor of
2915-607: Was headed by the then Political Agent Lt. Col. H.W.G. Cole and other nominated members. The Town Fund Board continued after Independence and merger with India in 1949 and it was not headed by the Chief Secretary of Manipur Administration. In 1956, the Assam Municipal Act, 1923 was extended to Manipur and the Imphal Municipal Board was formed with 12 elected members. The strength of the elected members of this Board
2970-467: Was increased to 24 in 1961 and to 28 in 1972. Initially, the Municipal Board was established only to administer the areas in Imphal under the British Reserve, covering 3.10 km (1.20 sq mi) and 2,862 inhabitants. This was extended to 17.48 km (6.75 sq mi) in 1960, 18.25 km (7.05 sq mi) in 1970, and 76.58 km (29.57 sq mi) in 1972. In 1992,
3025-470: Was later formed Imphal in 1915. Following India's independence, Col. Sidhiman Rai, MC, was appointed the first Indian DG of Assam Rifles. Since then the name of the force has undergone a number of changes, as have the roles that it has been required to perform. During World War I , men from what was then known as the Assam Military Police were part of the Indian forces that fought in Europe and
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