82-506: Manulla Junction railway station is a transfer point for train passengers in County Mayo , Ireland . It is a rare example of an interchange-only rail station. Passengers cannot enter or leave the station; it is only for passengers travelling to or from Foxford or Ballina , who transfer to or from Dublin–Westport trains. A similar station is Smallbrook Junction , Isle of Wight , England , where Island Line trains only stop on days when
164-449: A campaign of total social ostracisation against Boycott, a tactic that would one day come to bear his name. The campaign against Boycott became a cause célèbre in the British press after he wrote a letter to The Times . The British elite rallied to his cause and Fifty Orangemen from County Cavan and County Monaghan travelled to his estate to harvest the crops, while a regiment of
246-400: A hybrid, Gunnera × cryptica . At least some species of Gunnera host endosymbiotic cyanobacteria such as Nostoc punctiforme . The cyanobacteria provide fixed nitrogen to the plant, while the plant provides fixed carbon to the microbe. The bacteria enter the plant via glands found at the base of each leaf stalk and initiate an intracellular symbiosis which is thought to provide
328-562: A massive British army and were forced to surrender in less than half an hour. The French soldiers were treated honourably, but for the Irish the surrender meant slaughter. Many died on the scaffold in towns like Castlebar and Claremorris, where the high sheriff for County Mayo, the Honourable Denis Browne , M.P., brother of Lord Altamont, wreaked a terrible vengeance – thus earning for himself the nickname which has survived in folk memory to
410-648: A metre below the surface. Mesolithic people did not have major rituals associated with burial, unlike those of the Neolithic (New Stone Age) period. The Neolithic period followed the Mesolithic around 6,000 years ago. People began to farm the land, domesticate animals for food and milk, and settle in one place for longer periods. These people had skills such as making pottery, building houses from wood, weaving, and knapping (stone tool working). The first farmers cleared forestry to graze livestock and grow crops. In North Mayo, where
492-460: A parliamentarian government, Ireland suffered severely. With a stern regime in absolute control needing to pay its armies and allies, the need to pay them with grants of land in Ireland led to the ' to hell or to Connaught ' policies. Displaced native Irish families from other (eastern and southern mostly) parts of the country were either forced to leave the country or were awarded grants of land 'west of
574-577: A well-documented fossil history due to the presence of fossilized pollen spores, known by the palynotaxon Tricolpites reticulatus . It is a Gondwanan lineage, having originated in South America during the Cretaceous . The earliest fossilized pollen is known from the Late Cretaceous ( Turonian ) of Peru, about 90 million years ago, and within the following 10 million years, Gunnera had achieved
656-516: A worldwide distribution, with fossil pollen grains being found in areas where it is not found today, such as western North America , mainland Australia , and Antarctica . Based on fossil pollen recovered from drilling cores, Gunnera is also known to have inhabited the now-submerged islands of the Ninetyeast Ridge during the Paleocene , likely having dispersed there from either Australasia or
738-752: Is G. masafuerae of the Juan Fernandez Islands off the Chilean coast. They can have leaves up to 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) in width on stout leaf stalks 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long and 11 cm ( 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) thick according to Skottsberg. These leafstalks or petioles are the thickest of any dicot, and probably also the most massive. On nearby Isla Más Afuera , G. peltata frequently has an upright trunk to 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in) in height by 25–30 cm (10–12 in) thick, bearing leaves up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) wide. The Hoja de Pantano ( G. magnifica ) of
820-407: Is a source of traditional medicine in southern Africa, both in veterinary and human ailments, largely in obstetric and digestive complaints, but also as a wound dressing. It also is eaten in various ways, largely the petioles, flower stalks and leaves, fresh and raw, preferably with skins and fibre removed, which is said to remove bitterness, but also cooked. The plant also is said to be used in making
902-516: Is divided into six local electoral areas (LEAs). Councillors are elected for a five-year term. The county town is at Áras an Contae in Castlebar , the main population centre located in the centre of the county. Since 2016, Mayo has been represented on a national political level by four TDs who represent the constituency of Mayo in Dáil Éireann . Previous to 2016 the constituency had five TDs but this
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#1732858362695984-483: Is situated in the village of Murrisk , County Mayo. In 2011 Enda Kenny became the first politician from a Mayo constituency and the second Mayo native to serve as Taoiseach , the head of government of Ireland. Kenny went on to become the longest-serving Fine Gael Taoiseach in Irish history. In the early historic period, what is now County Mayo consisted of a number of large kingdoms, minor lordships and tribes of obscure origins . They included: Mayo County Council
1066-532: Is the authority responsible for local government . As a county council , it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001 . The county is divided into four municipal districts of Ballina, Castlebar, Claremorris and Westport–Belmullet, each with a population of roughly 32,000 to 34,000 people. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation , urban planning and development, amenity and culture , and environment . County Mayo
1148-560: Is the only genus in the family Gunneraceae. The APG II system , of 2003, also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Gunnerales in the clade core eudicots . The family then consisted of one or two genera, Gunnera and, optionally, Myrothamnus , the latter optionally segregated as a separate family, Myrothamnaceae . This represents a change from the APG system , of 1998, which firmly recognized two separate families, unplaced as to order. The APG III system and APG IV system recognizes
1230-449: Is the terminus station on the Dublin to Westport Rail service . Railway stations are also located at Ballyhaunis , Claremorris , Castlebar , Manulla , Ballina and Foxford . All railway stations are located on the same railway line, with the exception of Ballina and Foxford which requires passengers to change at Manulla Junction . There are currently four services each way every day on
1312-419: Is therefore more productive in the east than in the west. There are nine historic baronies , four in the northern area and five in the south of the county: North Mayo South Mayo According to the 2022 census: A survey of the terrestrial and freshwater algae of Clare Island was made between 1990 and 2005 and published in 2007. A record of Gunnera tinctoria is also noted. Consultants working for
1394-541: Is why they built huge, elaborate, galleried stone tombs for their dead leaders, known nowadays as megalithic tombs. There are over 160 recorded megaliths in County Mayo, such as Faulagh . There are four distinct types of Irish megalithic tombs — court tombs , portal tombs , passage tombs and wedge tombs —examples of all of which can be found in County Mayo. Areas particularly rich in megalithic tombs include Achill , Kilcommon , Ballyhaunis , Moygownagh , Killala and
1476-498: The 19th Royal Hussars and more than 1,000 men of the Royal Irish Constabulary were deployed to protect the harvesters. However, the cost of doing this was completely uneconomic: It cost the British government somewhere in the region of £10,000 to simply harvest £500 worth of crops. Boycott sold off the estate and the British government's resolve to try to break boycotts in this completely dissolved, resulting in victory for
1558-561: The Colombian Andes bears the largest leaf buds of any plant; up to 60 cm (2 ft) long and 40 cm (16 in) thick. The succulent leaf stalks are up to 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) long. The massive inflorescence of small, reddish flowers is up to 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) long and weighs about 13 kg. The flowers of Gunnera species are dimerous ( two sepals, two petals (or none) . two stamens (or one), and two carpels. Other giant Gunnera species within
1640-675: The Corrib gas project have carried out extensive surveys of wildlife flora and fauna in Kilcommon Parish, Erris between 2002 and 2009. This information is published in the Corrib Gas Proposal Environmental impact statements 2009 and 2010. There is evidence of human occupation of what is now County Mayo going far back into prehistory. At Belderrig on the north Mayo coast, there is evidence for Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) communities around 4500 BC. while throughout
1722-502: The Cretaceous of North America have large leaves akin to those of Panke , and the most basal extant species within Panke ( G. mexicana ) is the most northern member. For this reason, it has been suggested that Panke originates from South American Gunnera that colonized North America during the Cretaceous and grew into giant forms, with the remaining South American Gunnera evolving into
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#17328583626951804-712: The Irish Free State , was affected by the events of the Irish revolutionary period , including the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Irish Civil War . Major John MacBride of Westport was amongst those who took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and was subsequently executed by the British for his participation. His death served as a rallying call for Republicans in Mayo and led to Mayo men such as P. J. Ruttledge , Ernie O'Malley , Michael Kilroy and Thomas Derrig to rise up during
1886-670: The Isle of Wight Steam Railway is running, to allow passengers to change between lines. Other examples are Sagliains railway station in Switzerland, Newark Liberty International Airport Station in New Jersey and the transfer platform at Pittsburg/Bay Point station in California. The station opened on 1 May 1868. The signal cabin at the eastern end was destroyed in the Irish Civil War and
1968-608: The wedge tomb type and cist burials. Around 2,500 years ago the Iron Age took over from the Bronze Age as more and more metalworking took place. This is thought to have coincided with the arrival of Celtic speaking peoples and the introduction of the ancestor of the Irish language . Towards the end of this period, the Roman Empire was at its height in Britain but it is not thought that
2050-558: The yew trees ') is a county in Ireland . In the West of Ireland , in the province of Connacht , it is named after the village of Mayo , now generally known as Mayo Abbey. Mayo County Council is the local authority . The population was 137,231 at the 2022 census . The boundaries of the county, which was formed in 1585, reflect the Mac William Íochtar lordship at that time. It is bounded on
2132-404: The 18th century was a period of unrelieved misery. Because of the penal laws , Catholics had no hope of social advancement while they remained in their native land. Some, like William Brown (1777–1857), left Foxford with his family at the age of nine and thirty years later was an admiral in the fledgeling Argentine Navy. Today he is a national hero in that country. The general unrest in Ireland
2214-676: The Behy/Glenurla area around the Céide Fields . Megalithic tomb building continued into the Bronze Age when metal began to be used for tools alongside the stone tools. The Bronze Age lasted approximately from 4,500 years ago to 2,500 years ago (2,500 BC to 500 BC). Archaeological remains from this period include stone alignments , stone circles and fulachta fiadh (early cooking sites). They continued to bury their chieftains in megalithic tombs which changed design during this period, more being of
2296-517: The English people, as was customary at that time, followed the religious practices of the reigning monarch and became Protestant. Many Irish people such as Grace O'Malley , the famous pirate queen, had close relationships with the English monarchy, and the English kings and queens were welcome visitors to Irish shores. The Irish however, generally held onto their Catholic religious practices and beliefs. The early plantations of settlers in Ireland began during
2378-458: The Irish economy began to expand in the 1990s and early 2000s, and the population of Mayo increased from 110,713 in 1991 to 130,638 in 2011. In the 2006 National Census, the religious demographic breakdown for County Mayo was 114,215 Roman Catholics, 2,476 Church of Ireland, 733 Muslims, 409 other Christians, 280 Presbyterians, 250 Orthodox Christians, 204 Methodists, 853 other stated religions, 3,267 no religion and 1,152 no stated religion. 9% of
2460-711: The Irish themselves ". The most powerful clan to emerge during this era were the Mac William Burkes, also known as the Mac William Iochtar (see Burke Civil War 1333–1338), descended from Sir William Liath de Burgh , who defeated the Gaelic-Irish at the Second Battle of Athenry in August 1316. They were frequently at war with their cousins, Clanricarde of Galway , and in alliance with or against various factions of
2542-527: The Labour Party. Mary Robinson from Ballina became the first-ever female President of Ireland as a Labour candidate while Pat Rabbitte , originally from Claremorris, served as leader of the Labour Party from 2002 to 2007. Serving alongside Rabbitte was Emmet Stagg , one of the longest-standing Labour TDs of the modern era, himself from Hollymount not far from Claremorris. Irish history has been defined by waves of emigration due to push and pull factors. Mayo
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2624-426: The O'Conor's of Siol Muiredaig and O'Kelly 's of Uí Maine . The O'Donnell 's of Tyrconnell regularly invaded in an attempt to secure their right to rule. The Anglo-Normans encouraged and established many religious orders from continental Europe to settle in Ireland. Mendicant orders— Augustinians , Carmelites , Dominicans and Franciscans began new settlements across Ireland and built large churches, many under
2706-609: The Roman Empire extended into Ireland. Remains from this period, which lasted until the Early Christian period began about AD 325 (with the arrival of Saint Patrick into Ireland, as a slave) include crannógs (Lake dwellings), promontory forts , ringforts and souterrains of which there are numerous examples across the county. The Iron Age was a time of tribal warfare and kingships, each fighting neighbouring kings, vying for control of territories and taking slaves. Territories were marked by tall stone markers, Ogham stones, using
2788-813: The Serra do Mar mountains of southeastern Brazil , is perhaps the largest species, with reniform or sub-reniform leaves typically 1.5 to 2.0 meters (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 7 in) long, not including the thick, succulent petiole which may be up to 2.5 meters (8 feet 2 inches) in length. The width of the leaf blade is typically 2.5 meters (8 feet 2 inches), but on two occasions cultivated specimens (in Dorset , England in 2011 and at Narrowwater, Ulster , Ireland in 1903) produced leaves fully 3.3 meters (10 feet 10 inches) in width. The seeds germinate best in very moist, but not wet, conditions and temperatures of 22–29 °C. Only slightly smaller
2870-516: The Shannon' and put off their own lands in the east. The land in the west was divided and sub-divided between more and more people as huge estates were granted on the best land in the east to those who best pleased the English. Mayo does not seem to have been affected much during the Williamite War in Ireland , though many natives were outlawed and exiled. For the vast majority of people in County Mayo
2952-653: The War of Independence. In the ensuing Civil War, many of these leading figures chose the Anti-treaty side and fought in bitter battles such as those in Ballina, which changed hands between pro and anti-treaty forces a number of times. In the aftermath of the Civil War, there was a consolidation of many of those with anti-treaty feelings into the new political party Fianna Fáil . PJ Ruttledge and Thomas Derrig would become founding members of
3034-456: The beginning of the 20th century. In the meantime, in many publications it had been referred to as being in the Haloragaceae, variously misspelt (as for example "Halorrhagidaceae". ) Such references still cause difficulties in consulting earlier works. However, currently Gunnera is firmly assigned to the monogeneric family Gunneraceae. Gunnera is thought to be a rather ancient group, with
3116-549: The chieftains to become part of the early Churches, other times they remained as separate entities. St. Patrick (4th century) may have spent time in County Mayo and it is believed that he spent forty days and forty nights on Croagh Patrick praying for the people of Ireland. From the middle of the 6th-century hundreds of small monastic settlements were established around the county. Some examples of well-known early monastic sites in Mayo include Mayo Abbey , Aughagower , Ballintubber , Errew Abbey , Cong Abbey , Killala , Turlough on
3198-401: The county became a base for the emergence of Clann na Talmhan , an agrarian party in the 1940s and 1950s. Clann an Talmhan's second leader, Joseph Blowick came from South Mayo and that is where his seat was. The party was not able to last in the long run though as it was unable to hold together its voting bloc of both small farmers in the west of Ireland and large farmers in the east. Towards
3280-786: The county there is a wealth of archaeological remains from the Neolithic (New Stone Age) period (ca. 4,000 BC to 2,500 BC), particularly in terms of megalithic tombs and ritual stone circles. The first people who came to Ireland – mainly to coastal areas as the interior was heavily forested – arrived during the Middle Stone Age, as far back as eleven thousand years ago. Artefacts of hunter/gatherers are sometimes found in middens , rubbish pits around hearths where people would have rested and cooked over large open fires. Once cliffs erode, midden remains become exposed as blackened areas containing charred stones, bones, and shells. They are usually found
3362-589: The county, introducing new families such as Burke , Gibbons , Staunton , Prendergast , Morris , Joyce , Walsh , Barrett , Lynott , Costello , Padden and Price , Norman names are still common in County Mayo. Following the collapse of the lordship in the 1330s, all these families became estranged from the Anglo-Irish administration based in Dublin and assimilated with the Gaelic-Irish, adopting their language, religion, dress, laws, customs and culture and marrying into Irish families. They became " more Irish than
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3444-447: The creation of novel symbioses between crop plants and cyanobacteria, allowing growth in areas lacking fixed nitrogen in the soil. The stalks of G. tinctoria ( nalca ), from southern Chile and Argentina , are edible. Their principal use is fresh consumption, after peeling, but also they are prepared in salads, liquor or marmalade. Leaves of this species are used in covering curanto (a traditional Chilean food). Gunnera perpensa
3526-666: The east of Ireland, Dermot MacMurrough , appealed to the King of England for help in his fight with a neighbouring king, the response resulted in the Anglo-Norman colonisation of Ireland. County Mayo came under Norman control in AD 1235. Norman control meant the eclipse of many Gaelic lords and chieftains, chiefly the O'Connors of Connacht. During the 1230s, the Anglo-Normans and Welsh under Richard Mór de Burgh (c. 1194 – 1242) invaded and settled in
3608-513: The family Gunneraceae and places Myrothamnus in Myrothamnaceae; both families are placed in the order Gunnerales in the core eudicots. The genus Gunnera was named after the Norwegian botanist Johann Ernst Gunnerus . At first it was assigned to the family Haloragaceae , though that presented difficulties that led to the general recognition of the family Gunneraceae, as had been proposed about
3690-753: The first written down words using the Ogham alphabet . The Iron Age is the time period in which the mythological tales of the Ulster Cycle and sagas took place, as well as that of the Táin Bó Flidhais , whose narrative is set in mainly in Erris . Christianity came to Ireland around the start of the 5th century. It brought many changes including the introduction of the Latin alphabet . The tribal ' tuatha ' and new Christian religious settlements existed side by side. Sometimes it suited
3772-477: The ground cover was fragile, thin soils washed away and blanket bog covered the land farmed by the Neolithic people. Extensive pre-bog field systems have been discovered under the blanket bog, particularly along the North Mayo coastline in Erris and north Tyrawley at sites such as the Céide Fields , centred on the northeast coast. The Neolithic people developed rituals associated with burying their dead; this
3854-515: The kingdom of Connacht and ruled by the Siol Muirdaig dynasty, based initially at Rathcroghan in County Roscommon , and from c. 1050 at Tuam . The families of O'Malley and O'Dowd of Mayo served as admirals of the fleet of Connacht , while families such as O'Lachtnan, Mac Fhirbhisigh , and O'Cleary were ecclesiastical and bardic clans. In AD 1169 when one of the warring kings in
3936-464: The large-leaved Cretaceous Gunnera from North America may represent a distinct lineage that convergently evolved giant leaves similar to those of Panke , but did not leave any descendants. As of April 2023 , Plants of the World Online accepts the following species separated by subgenus: In 2022, it was shown that plants in cultivation under the name Gunnera manicata were actually
4018-513: The line. Gunnera Gunnera is the sole genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Gunneraceae , which contains 63 species. Some species in this genus, namely those in the subgenus Panke , have extremely large leaves. Species in the genus are variously native to Latin America , Australia , New Zealand , Papuasia , Hawaii , insular Southeast Asia , Africa , and Madagascar . The stalks of some species are edible. Gunnera
4100-517: The main uprising. They marched across the county towards the administrative centre of Castlebar, leading to the Battle of Castlebar . Taking the garrison by surprise Humbert's army was victorious. He established a ' Republic of Connacht' with John Moore of the Moore family from Moore Hall near Partry as its head. Humbert's army marched on towards Sligo, Leitrim and Longford where they were suddenly faced with
4182-541: The modern distribution of Gunnera is a consequence of long-distance dispersal from South America to other parts of the world, rather than relics of a former cosmopolitan distribution. The only species that diverged prior to the Cenozoic is Gunnera herteri of southeastern Brazil , which is thought to be the most ancient species of the genus, its lineage having diverged during the Late Cretaceous, roughly concurrent with
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#17328583626954264-467: The north and west by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the south by County Galway ; on the east by County Roscommon ; and on the northeast by County Sligo . Mayo is the third-largest of Ireland's 32 counties in area and 18th largest in terms of population. It is the second-largest of Connacht 's five counties in both size and population. Mayo has 1,168 km (726 mi) of coastline, or approximately 21% of
4346-412: The north. There are round towers at Aughagower , Balla , Killala , Turlough and Meelick. The Vikings established settlements that later developed into towns (Dublin, Cork, Wexford, Waterford etc.) but none were in County Mayo. Between the reigns of Kings of Connacht Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg (973–1010) and Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1106–1156), various tribal territories were incorporated into
4428-539: The oldest Gunnera fossil pollen from Peru. The persistence of the Gunnera crown group since the Cretaceous makes it unique among flowering plants, and may have been facilitated by strong niche conservatism , dispersal ability, and being able to aggressively colonize disturbed land. The 40–50 species vary enormously in leaf size, with the iconic large-leaved species belonging to the subgenus Panke . The giant rhubarb, or Campos des Loges ( Gunnera manicata ), native to
4510-691: The outskirts of Castlebar, and island settlements off the Mullet Peninsula like the Inishkea Islands , Inishglora and Duvillaun . In 795 the first of the Viking raids took place. The Vikings came from Scandinavia to raid the monasteries as they were places of wealth with precious metal working taking place in them. Some of the larger ecclesiastical settlements erected round towers to prevent their precious items from being plundered and also to show their status and strength against these pagan raiders from
4592-417: The overall population was reported to have perished due to warfare, famine and plague between 1641 and 1653, with several areas remaining disturbed and frequented by Reparees into the 1670s. Pirate Queen Grace O'Malley is probably the best-known person from County Mayo between the mid-16th century and the turn of the 17th century. In the 1640s, when Oliver Cromwell overthrew the English monarchy and set up
4674-468: The party and served in Éamon de Valera 's first-ever Fianna Fáil government as ministers. Mayo politicians would continue to contribute to the national political scene over the decades. In 1990 Mary Robinson , from County Mayo, became the first-ever female President of Ireland , and is widely credited with revitalising the position with importance and focus it had never possessed before. During her tenure she unveiled Ireland's National Famine Memorial which
4756-419: The patronage of prominent Gaelic families. Some of these sites include Cong , Strade , Ballintubber , Errew Abbey , Burrishoole Abbey and Mayo Abbey . During the 15th and 16th centuries, despite regular conflicts between them as England chopped and changed between religious beliefs, the Irish usually regarded the King of England as their King. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in the mid-16th century,
4838-453: The plant with fixed nitrogen in return for fixed carbon for the bacterium. The Nostoc filled symbiotic tissue makes up just a small portion of the plant's total biomass. Gunnera is the only known genus of angiosperms that hosts cyanobacteria, and the only known landplants with intracellular cyanobionts . Although the endosymbionts enters the cell wall , they do not penetrate the cell membrane . This relationship may provide insights to allow
4920-524: The poll and became the first Sinn Féin TD for Mayo since 1927, riding a nationwide surge for Sinn Féin that year. Despite being historically the third-largest party in Ireland, Labour has struggled to ever make inroads into Mayo. The party has only ever had one TD for Mayo, former party leader Thomas J. O'Connell , who represented South Mayo between 1927 and 1932. While Labour has not proven itself electorally successful in Mayo, Mayo has provided important members to
5002-454: The population depended on the potato as their staple food. By 1848, Mayo was a county of total misery and despair, with any attempts at alleviating measures in complete disarray. There are numerous reminders of the Great Famine to be seen on the Mayo landscape: workhouse sites, famine graves, sites of soup kitchens, deserted homes and villages and even traces of undug 'lazy-beds' in fields on
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#17328583626955084-536: The population of County Mayo live in the Gaeltacht . The Gaeltacht Irish-speaking region in County Mayo is the third-largest in Ireland with 10,886 inhabitants. These Irish-speaking areas of Mayo contain 5,956 Irish speakers. Tourmakeady is the largest village in this area. All schools in the area use Irish as the language of instruction. Mayo has four gaelscoileanna in its four major towns, providing primary education to students through Irish. Westport railway station
5166-407: The potato crop for their sustenance. Disaster struck in August 1845, when a killer fungus (later diagnosed as Phytophthora infestans) started to destroy the potato crop. When widespread famine struck, about a million people died and a further million left the country. People died in the fields of starvation and disease. The catastrophe was particularly bad in County Mayo, where nearly ninety per cent of
5248-555: The present day, 'Donnchadh an Rópa' (Denis of the Rope). In the 18th century and early 19th century, sectarian tensions arose as evangelical Protestant missionaries sought to 'redeem the Irish poor from the errors of Popery'. One of the best known was the Rev. Edward Nangle 's mission at Dugort in Achill . These too were the years of the campaign for Catholic Emancipation and, later, for the abolition of
5330-473: The reign of Queen Mary in the mid-16th century and continued throughout the long reign of Queen Elizabeth I until 1603. By then the term County Mayo had come into use. In the summer of 1588, the galleons of the Spanish Armada were wrecked by storms along the west coast of Ireland. Some of the hapless Spaniards came ashore in Mayo, only to be robbed and imprisoned, and in many cases slaughtered. Almost all
5412-673: The religious foundations set up by the Anglo-Normans were suppressed in the wake of the Reformation in the 16th century. Protestant settlers from Scotland , England , and elsewhere in Ireland, settled in the County in the early 17th century. Many would be killed or forced to flee because of the 1641 Rebellion , during which a number of massacres were committed by the Catholic Gaelic Irish, most notably at Shrule in 1642. A third of
5494-487: The sides of hills. Many roads and lanes were built as famine relief measures. There were nine workhouses in the county: Ballina, Ballinrobe, Belmullet, Castlebar, Claremorris, Killala, Newport, Swinford and Westport. A small poverty-stricken place called Knock , County Mayo, made headlines when it was announced that an apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph and St. John had taken place there on 21 August 1879, witnessed by fifteen local people. A national movement
5576-415: The start of the 21st century, the balance of power in Mayo began to shift towards Fine Gael, thanks in part to the emergence of Enda Kenny and Michael Ring . Kenny, who became Taoiseach in 2011, led Fine Gael to a historic victory in the 2011 Irish general election which included securing four out of five available seats for his party in Mayo. In 2020, Rose Conway-Walsh came within 200 votes of topping
5658-403: The station because there is no passenger access to the platforms. On 5 September 1910, a train overran signals and 15 people were injured. The night mail had run into the engine of the branch line train and it was found shunting procedures at Manulla needed to be changed. County Mayo County Mayo ( / ˈ m eɪ oʊ / ; from Irish Maigh Eo, Contae Mhaigh Eo , meaning 'Plain of
5740-404: The subgenus Misandra , with a low-lying, matlike growth. During the Cenozoic, the North American Panke would have colonized Hawaii and retreated southwards on the mainland before recolonizing South America. However, more recent phylogenetic evidence suggests that Misandra and Panke diverged only 15 million years ago, much too recent to assign the Cretaceous Gunnera to Panke . Due to this,
5822-419: The subgenus Panke are found throughout the Neotropics and Hawaii . Gunnera insignis is also known by the name "poor man's umbrella" in Costa Rica . Outside of the subgenus Panke , most of the more basal Gunnera species have small-to-medium-sized leaves. There are some species with moderately large leaves in Africa ( G. perpensa , in the subgenus Perpensum ) and Southeast Asia ( G. macrophylla , in
5904-594: The subgenus Pseudogunnera ), but the majority of more basal species are low-lying, mat-forming plants with small leaves. There are several small species are found in New Zealand , notably G. albocarpa , with leaves only 1–2 cm long, and also in South America, with G. magellanica having leaves 5–9 cm wide on stalks 8–15 cm long. The most basal species in the genus, G. herteri of Brazil, also has small leaves. Some fossil leaf impressions of Gunnera from
5986-478: The tenants. The "Land Question" was gradually resolved by a scheme of state-aided land purchase schemes. The tenants became the owners of their lands under the newly set-up Land Commission . A Mayo nun, Mother Agnes Morrogh-Bernard , set up the Foxford Woollen Mill in 1892. She made Foxford synonymous throughout the world with high-quality tweeds, rugs and blankets. Mayo, as all parts of what became
6068-471: The then-emergent Kerguelen Plateau islands. Due to the widespread distribution of Gunnera during the Cretaceous, it was previously thought that the modern disjunct distribution of the genus was a relic of this period. However, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the majority of Gunnera species, even those found on entirely different continents, diverged from each other during the Cenozoic , indicating that
6150-532: The tithes, which a predominately Catholic population was forced to pay for the upkeep of the clergy of the Established (Protestant) Church. During the early years of the 19th century, famine was a common occurrence, particularly where population pressure was a problem. The population of Ireland grew to over eight million people prior to the Irish Famine (or Great Famine) of 1845–47. The Irish people depended on
6232-472: The total coastline of the State. It is one of three counties which claims to have the longest coastline in Ireland, alongside Cork and Donegal . There is a distinct geological difference between the west and the east of the county. The west consists largely of poor subsoils and is covered with large areas of extensive Atlantic blanket bog , whereas the east is largely a limestone landscape. Agricultural land
6314-756: Was felt just as keenly across Mayo, and as the 19th century approached and news reached Ireland about the American War of Independence and the French Revolution , the downtrodden Irish, constantly suppressed by Government policies and decisions from Dublin and London, began to rally themselves for their own stand against British rule in their country. 1798 saw Mayo become a central part of the United Irishmen Rebellion when General Humbert from France landed in Killala with over 1,000 soldiers playing to support
6396-542: Was initiated in County Mayo during 1879 by Michael Davitt , James Daly , and others, which brought about a major social change in Ireland. Michael Davitt, a labourer whose family had moved to England joined forces with Charles Stewart Parnell to win back the land for the people from the landlords and stop evictions for non-payment of rents. The organisation became known as the Irish National Land League , and its struggle to win rights for poor farmers in Ireland
6478-662: Was known as the Land War . It was in this era of agrarian unrest that a new verb was introduced to the English language by Mayo - "to boycott ". Charles Boycott was an English landlord deeply unpopular with his tenants. When Charles Steward Parnell made a speech in Ennis , County Clare , urging nonviolent resistance against landlords, his tactics were enthusiastically taken in Mayo against Boycott. The entire Catholic community around Lough Mask in South Mayo where Boycott had his estate became
6560-560: Was one of the counties most depopulated by emigration in the ninetieth and twentieth century. Initially triggered by starvation during the Great Famine , the population fell from 388,887 to 274,830 between 1841 and 1851. Then in search of work in the newly industrialising United Kingdom and the United States, the population plummeted from 388,887 in 1841 to 199,166 in 1901. It reached a low of 109,525 in 1971. Emigration slowed dramatically as
6642-564: Was reduced based on the county's current population in line with proportional representation . The electoral divisions of Cong, Dalgan, Houndswood, Kilmaine, Neale, Shrule, in the former Rural District of Ballinrobe, are in Galway West . Historically, Mayo has tended to vote Fianna Fáil , as Fianna Fáil managed to position themselves in the 20th century as the party best fit to represent farmers with small holdings, who were plentiful in Mayo. With so many of Mayo's electorate being small farmers,
6724-619: Was replaced by one at the Westport end. The station was closed to passengers joining or leaving the railway network in 1963; however, passengers can still disembark to the platforms for connections to and from the Ballina branch line . In 1988, the signal cabin was replaced by a portacabin-style structure on the island platform. The weekday off-peak service is as follows: Currently, there are no direct passenger services from Ballina line to Dublin all passengers need to change here. Buses do not serve
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