16-597: Boophinae Laliostominae Mantellinae The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte . At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates , Oophaga and Phyllobates , among others. The family Mantellidae
32-489: Is a negative correlation between body size and species diversity in this family, which is probably related to the lower dispersal potential of smaller animals. This family is estimated to have colonized the island of Madagascar 76–87 million years ago. They are phylogenetically nested within Asian frogs, and therefore probably represent a dispersal event from Asia. Two undescribed species of mantellid frogs are currently resident on
48-450: Is a popular name for several species of the family Hylidae. However, the name "treefrog" is not unique to this family, also being used for many species in the family Rhacophoridae . The following genera are recognised in the family Hylidae: The subfamilies Pelodryadinae and Phyllomedusinae are sometimes classified as distinct families of their own due to their deep divergence and unique evolutionary history (with Pelodryadinae being
64-516: Is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as " tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic. The earliest known fossils that can be assigned to this family are from the Cretaceous of India and the state of Wyoming in the United States. The common name of "tree frog"
80-461: Is common in the middle and south of Europe, and its range extends into Asia and North Africa. North America has many species of the family Hylidae, including the gray tree frog ( Hyla versicolor ) and the American green tree frog ( H. cinerea ). The spring peeper ( Pseudacris crucifer ) is also widespread in the eastern United States and is commonly heard on spring and summer evenings. Species of
96-582: Is composed of three extremely diverse groups of frogs, across three subfamilies : the Mantellinae ( Laurent, 1946) are typically terrestrial or semi-aquatic frogs, the Laliostominae ( Vences & Glaw , 2001) are terrestrial, fairly large frogs, and the Boophinae ( Vences & Glaw , 2001) are arboreal tree frogs, sharing far more physical and behavioral characteristics with true tree frogs than
112-536: The exotic pet trade for their bright colors (e.g. Mantella and Boophis ). Boophinae Boophis is the only genus in the mantellid frog subfamily Boophinae . They are commonly known as bright-eyed or skeleton frogs . They show typical 'tree frog' traits, and are a good example of convergent evolution with morphologically similar species in the families Hylidae and Rhacophoridae , among others. This genus can only be found on Madagascar and Mayotte Island ( Comoros ). The genus Boophis
128-417: The genus Cyclorana are burrowing frogs that spend much of their lives underground. Hylids lay their eggs in a range of different locations, depending on species. Many use ponds, or puddles that collect in the holes of their trees, while others use bromeliads or other water-holding plants. Other species lay their eggs on the leaves of vegetation hanging over water, allowing the tadpoles to drop into
144-402: The iris, which is typically intricately patterned towards its inside, and often green or blue, but occasionally also red, purple, or yellow in the outer iris area. This has led to the vernacular name of bright-eyed frogs for the genus. Many species of Boophis have almost translucent skin, allowing bones and internal organs to be observed as in the unrelated glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of
160-571: The island of Mayotte , off Madagascar's west coast. These species belong to two genera that are otherwise exclusively endemic to Madagascar. Reproductive modes in the Mantellidae are highly varied. Eggs can be laid in or out of water, on the ground or on leaves, depending on genus and species. Guibemantis frogs of the subgenus Pandanusicola lay their eggs either in phytotelms or over slow-flowing water. Some species of Gephyromantis have direct development or nidicolous tadpoles. Members of
176-604: The pond when they hatch. A few species use fast-flowing streams, attaching the eggs firmly to the substrate. The tadpoles of these species have suckers enabling them to hold on to rocks after they hatch. Another unusual adaptation is found in some South American hylids, which brood the eggs on the back of the female. The tadpoles of most hylid species have laterally placed eyes and broad tails with narrow, filamentous tips. Hylids mostly feed on insects and other invertebrates, but some larger species can feed on small vertebrates. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
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#1732855487187192-579: The sister group to Phyllomedusinae and colonizing Australia during the Eocene via Antarctica , which at the time was not yet frozen over), but are presently retained in the Hylidae. Most hylids show adaptations suitable for an arboreal lifestyle, including forward-facing eyes providing binocular vision , and adhesive pads on the fingers and toes. In the nonarboreal species, these features may be greatly reduced, or absent. The European tree frog ( Hyla arborea )
208-456: The subfamilies Boophinae and Laliostominae have amplexus , but mantelline frogs do not. Parental care is known from a few species (e.g. Mantidactylus argenteus ). Sexual size dimorphism is present in most species, with females being larger than males, but there are exceptions (e.g. Boophis albilabris ), where males are larger than females, possibly as a result of males fighting for access to females. Some members of this family are popular in
224-480: The tiny mantellids. Apart from the genera assigned to the three subfamilies , the actual placement of Tsingymantis ( Glaw , Hoegg & Vences , 2006) is still uncertain. As of 22 September 2022, at least 237 species are recognized in this family. DNA barcoding research has shown, however, that more than 100 distinct genetic lineages remain taxonomically undescribed . The Mantellidae are Madagascar's most diverse frog family. It has been shown that there
240-405: The tropical Americas . This has led to the vernacular name skeleton frogs for some members of the genus. The genus has nearly 80 species ; new ones are being described every few months on average. This list may not be exhaustive. Nota bene : A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than boophis . Hylidae Hylidae
256-521: Was described by Johann Jakob von Tschudi in 1838. It was originally considered a member of the African-Asian family Rhacophoridae , but was moved to the family Mantellidae in 2001, into its own subfamily, Boophinae Vences & Glaw , 2001 . Boophis are arboreal frogs, exhibiting many traits that define 'tree frogs', such as expanded toe discs, long hindlimbs, and large eyes. Boophis are especially characterised by bright colouration of
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