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61-669: It was initially a small organization, and was supported by members of the Independent Labour Party , which had existed in the province since 1920. The ILP and CCF were brought into a formal alliance in 1933, despite misgivings from some in the former party. The ILP was the leading social-democratic party in Manitoba prior to the CCF's formation. It had a reliable support base in Winnipeg and other urban areas, but had virtually no organization in

122-467: A "non-partisan" government. This coalition governed the province until 1950, although the CCF left in 1943. The Liberal-Progressive governments were cautious and moderate. Bracken's government undertook few major initiatives, and was unfriendly to labour issues even during its alliance with the CCF. Following World War II , the government of Stuart Garson (who replaced Bracken as premier in January 1943) led

183-545: A complicated relationship with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in the 1930s. The CCF was formed in 1932 to expand the parliamentary left's support base beyond the urban working class, and many in the ILP were suspicious of this. The parties nevertheless became aligned in 1933, at a time when the CCF organization in the province was weak. In three years, the CCF had developed its own identity and

244-479: A compromise, but divisions between DLP and ILP members were too strong to overcome and the ILP refused to join the "national" organization as such. Later, the ILP would remain out of the CLP due to the large number of communists who joined the latter group in the 1920s. (The CLP was, in any case, a fairly weak organization in Manitoba, and the ILP leaders had little incentive to merge with their smaller rival.) The ILP had

305-512: A fifth for being an enumerator while collecting signatures for her candidacy. The Liberals found their pre-writ polling of approximately 25% fall to 14% on Election Day, gaining two seats. Bokhari would finish third in her own seat of Fort Rouge . On May 7, 2016, Bokhari announced that she would not lead the party into the next election but would remain on as leader until her successor was chosen, though she would ultimately resign in September to enter

366-433: A program of rapid rural electrification, but was otherwise as cautious as Bracken's. Garson left provincial politics in 1948 to join the federal Liberal Cabinet of Louis St. Laurent . The government of Garson's successor, Douglas Lloyd Campbell , was socially conservative and generally opposed to state intervention of any sort. The educational system remained primitive (it was dominated by one-room schoolhouses well into

427-479: A protégé of Campbell, became party leader in 1961. Earlier that year, the party had formally renamed itself as simply the "Manitoba Liberal Party," over only scattered objections from Progressive diehards. Molgat prevented the Liberals from falling to third-party status during the 1960s, but never posed a serious threat to Roblin's government. Robert Bend , a former minister under Campbell, came out of retirement to lead

488-431: A quick realignment, but relations remained strained. At the start of World War II , the ILP and CCF were again in disagreement: the ILP supported an all-out war effort, whereas the CCF supported the conscription of "wealth rather than men". This controversy contributed to the defeat of federal CCF MP Abraham Albert Heaps in the election of 1940. The CCF eventually gained control of the ILP's internal organization, and

549-480: A realignment, but the ILP's relationship with the CCF remained shakey until the early 1940s, when CCF loyalists took over the ILP's internal organization. These divisions were especially noticeable at the start of the Second World War : the ILP supported an all-out war effort, whereas the CCF favoured conscription of "wealth before men". The ILP organization officially disbanded in 1943. It had been superseded by

610-498: A rival party. Despite being dominated by Progressives, the merged party soon became popularly known as the "Liberal Party of Manitoba". The federal Progressive Party had long since disappeared, and the "Progressive" name had little continued meaning in Manitoba politics. In 1940, Bracken's Liberal-Progressives forged an even broader coalition, bringing the Conservatives , Co-operative Commonwealth Federation , and Social Credit in

671-585: A seat in the 1907 election, however, and resigned shortly thereafter. Mickle again became the party's legislative leader, and served as leader of the opposition until leaving politics in 1909. Tobias Norris became Liberal leader in 1910. When the Tories under Rodmond Roblin resigned amid scandal in 1915, Norris became the province's premier , and retained the position until 1922. The Norris Liberals introduced temperance laws, suffrage for women, workers compensation, compulsory education , and minimum wage, as well as

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732-530: A small margin. Lamont would resign as leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party that evening. Gerrard's defeat in River Heights would mark the first time a New Democrat held the seat, the first time since 1999 that a Liberal would not, and only the second time since 1986 that a Liberal would not hold the seat after PC MLA Mike Radcliffe held the seat from 1995 to 1999. On October 17, 2023, Cindy Lamoureux

793-503: A temporary recovery. The NDP revived under Gary Doer , and the Liberals slipped back into third place in the 1990 election with only seven seats, against 20 for the NDP and 30 for the Conservatives. Many in the party felt Carstairs had squandered their best chance of winning government in three decades. Carstairs was replaced as leader by Paul Edwards in 1993. By the time the 1995 election

854-604: The 1958 provincial election by the Progressive Conservatives under Dufferin Roblin . Campbell initially hoped to stay in office with a minority government supported by the CCF, but this was brought to nothing, and the CCF threw its support to a PC minority government. However, the Manitoba PCs were dominated by Red Tories , and Roblin's government was actually well to the left of Campbell's government. Gildas Molgat ,

915-639: The Canadian Labour Congress ), the provincial CCF followed suit. The "New Party" in Manitoba affiliated with the Manitoba Federation of Labour , and Paulley became the first provincial NDP leader later in 1961. The CCF ceased to exist, having been superseded by the New Democratic Party of Manitoba in much the same way as it had previously superseded the ILP. All party leaders were elected to their position without opposition. *Ran as

976-649: The Canadian Pacific Railway 's monopoly, bringing the Northern Pacific into the province to induce competition in freight rates. The Greenway government's most notable feat in office was curtailing the rights of Manitoba's French Canadian population. Manitoba had been founded as a bilingual province, but Greenway's government provoked the Manitoba Schools Question , ending the educational rights of (predominantly French) Catholics, and making

1037-776: The ILP-CCF in 1932, seats compared to the Independent Labour Party's 5 seats in the previous election. Independent Labour Party (Manitoba, 1920) The Independent Labour Party was the leading social-democratic party in the Canadian province of Manitoba prior to the emergence of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation . Several of its candidates were elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and it counted federal Members of Parliament J. S. Woodsworth and A. A. Heaps among its members. The ILP

1098-540: The Progressive Party . Norris continued to lead the party through most of the 1920s, but was replaced by Hugh Robson before the 1927 election (which was again won by the Progressives). Robson, in turn, resigned on January 3, 1930. He was replaced as parliamentary leader by James Breakey . In 1931, Murdoch Mackay was selected as the party's official leader. Pressured by William Lyon Mackenzie King , Mackay brought

1159-505: The election of 1883 , Greenway united the opposition MLAs into the Manitoba Liberals (which were soon recognized as a de facto political party). For the next 21 years, Greenway's control over the party would be unchallenged. Following the 1888 general election , Greenway's Liberals took power and formed Manitoba's first declared partisan government. As premier, Greenway ended federal disallowance of Manitoba railway legislation and

1220-445: The election of 1999 , which allowed Gary Doer 's New Democrats to regain centre-left support and win government. Gerrard became the party's only MLA, winning election in the upscale riding of River Heights , Carstairs' old riding. The party failed to recover much of its support base in the 2003 election , although Lamoureux was able to regain his seat in north Winnipeg to become the party's second MLA. Despite Lamoureux's re-election,

1281-529: The francophone community, and Norquay's presence gave the ministry greater credibility among the anglophone population). Luxton subsequently supported Davis and Norquay against Conservative Orangeman Thomas Scott , a leader of the local opposition (not to be confused with the figure executed by Louis Riel in 1870). Although the Davis administration was on favourable terms with federal Liberal Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie (1873–1878), his successor Norquay

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1342-557: The 1870s, a Liberal network began to emerge in the city of Winnipeg . One of the key figures in this network was William Luxton , owner of the Manitoba Free Press newspaper and himself a member of the Manitoba legislature on two occasions. Luxton was not initially supportive of Premier Robert A. Davis (1874–1878), but endorsed the Davis ministry after he brought John Norquay into cabinet (Davis' early supporters were primarily from

1403-500: The 1950s), and no significant steps were taken on language or labour issues. The province did modernize its liquor laws during this period, however. Despite its Liberal-Progressive label, Campbell's government was one of the most right-wing provincial governments in Canada. It had somewhat frosty relations with the federal Liberals in the 1950s despite Garson being an influential cabinet minister. The Liberal-Progressives lost their majority in

1464-561: The CCF invariably losing). Farmer resigned from government in December 1942, and the CCF formally left the coalition in 1943. The CCF's time in government demoralized its membership, and hindered its electoral fortunes - voters elected only three CCF MLAs in 1941. For the next few years, the CCF's primary concern was preventing infiltration from Communists (then officially represented by the Labour Progressive Party ). Some figures in

1525-490: The CCF some time earlier. All leaders were selected by party caucus, seemingly without opposition. Manitoba Liberal Party The Manitoba Liberal Party ( French : Parti libéral du Manitoba ) is a political party in Manitoba , Canada. Its roots can be traced to the late 19th century, following the province's creation in 1870. Originally, there were no official political parties in Manitoba, although many leading politicians were affiliated with parties that existed at

1586-491: The LPP favoured cooperation with the CCF; the CCF leadership was fully opposed to this, and suspended two prominent Manitoba MLAs when they advocated formal cooperation. Accusations of being "Communist sympathizers" would hinder the party's fortunes for years to come. In 1944, the national party was performing well in the polls and a CCF government was elected in neighbouring Saskatchewan . The Manitoba CCF hoped to repeat this success

1647-465: The Liberal popular vote fell in 2003 even through the party managed to field a full slate of candidates (they were 7 shy in 1999). The Liberals did have more second-place finishes than in the previous election, which appeared to be a sign of a rebound. If the party had any momentum to build upon, it was negated by a weak campaign in the 2007 provincial election . Gerrard and Lamoureux were both re-elected, but

1708-506: The Liberals into a coalition with Premier John Bracken 's Progressives before the 1932 election. The national Progressive Party had been largely absorbed into the Liberal Party of Canada by this time, and King believed that it was foolish to divide the resources of the parties within Manitoba. He was especially concerned that the Conservatives could recapture the provincial government if the Liberals and Progressives were not united. For

1769-675: The Manitoba legislature. Most of these Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), including parliamentary leader Fred Dixon , were part of the exodus from the DLP to the ILP later in the year. The ILP took six seats in the election of 1922 , and Dixon resigned from the legislature in 1923 following a family tragedy. He was replaced as party leader by John Queen , formerly of the Social Democratic Party of Canada . Support for left-wing and labour parties declined throughout Canada in

1830-416: The assembly in the 1986 election , and in the 1988 election , led the party to 20 seats—its best showing since 1953—and official opposition status. This was precipitated by the unpopularity of Howard Pawley 's New Democratic government, which allowed the Liberals to win the support of many centre-left voters. The Liberals' resurgence sparked hopes that they could win the next election. This proved to be

1891-470: The countryside. The CCF was formed to bring labour and farm groups into the same political camp. Some ILP members saw this as diluting their party's integrity. The provincial CCF had become stronger by 1936, and the ILP's candidates in that year's provincial election were referred to as "ILP-CCF". After the election, some disgruntled ILP members succeeded in temporarily disaffiliating the parties. Pressure from David Lewis and J. S. Woodsworth brought about

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1952-427: The decade that followed. Greenway continued to lead the party through a disastrous 1903 campaign , winning only 9 seats. He resigned in 1904 to run for federal office as MP for Lisgar . Charles Mickle was chosen parliamentary leader on December 5, 1904, and led the party until a provincial convention was held in late March 1906. That convention acclaimed Edward Brown as the party's new leader. Brown failed to win

2013-439: The disappointment of 1940–43). Roblin was sworn in as Premier later in the year. Roblin's government put the CCF in a paradoxical situation. Roblin had staked out a position well to Campbell's left in opposition. As the new Premier, he initiated long-overdue progressive legislation and outflanked the CCF in a bid for centre-left voters. The CCF was forced to lend support to Roblin's initiatives, thereby providing his ministry with

2074-566: The election of 1932 , the provincial government referred to itself as " Liberal-Progressive " (effectively a fusion of the parties, albeit one dominated by Progressives). A small group of Liberals, led by St. Boniface mayor David Campbell , opposed the merger and ran as "Continuing Liberals". They were resoundingly defeated. After the election, the Liberals of Manitoba were absorbed into the Progressive Party. Two non-coalition Liberals were elected in 1936, but they were not intended to represent

2135-411: The establishment of a public-nursing system, rural farm credit, regulation of industrial conditions, and a mother's allowance for widowed dependent mothers. The Norris administration's relationship with the Liberal Party of Canada under Wilfrid Laurier was often antagonistic. Norris withdrew funding for French-language education in 1916, at a time when the federal Liberals were attempting to regain

2196-435: The first socialist politician in Canadian history to attain cabinet rank, having been sworn in as Minister of Labour . The CCF's experience in the coalition government was a disappointment to the party. The party leaders had hoped to use their influence to promote progressive labour legislation; instead, Bracken's government forced Farmer to seek " free votes " on his ministry's initiatives (these soon became party votes, with

2257-562: The following year, but won only 10 seats out of 55. This failure was due in part to the province's outdated electoral boundaries, which favoured rural ridings at the expense of the cities. Farmer resigned as party leader in 1947, and was replaced the following year by Edwin Hansford . The party won only seven seats in the election of 1949, amid a period of generally poor fortunes for left-wing parties in Canada. Hansford resigned as leader in 1952, replaced by Scottie Bryce . The selection of Bryce

2318-562: The late 1920s. Queen led the ILP through the elections of 1927, winning three seats. The party's fortunes improved during the Depression, and the ILP took five seats in 1932 . Seymour Farmer became leader of the ILP in 1935. The ILP never affiliated with the Canadian Labour Party . Initially, this was because the rightist DLP leadership had affiliated itself with the CLP soon after the exodus of ILP members. There were attempts at

2379-440: The legislative record it needed to win a majority the following year. The Tories won 38 seats the following year, with the CCF dropping to 10. Stinson resigned as party leader in 1960, and was replaced by Russ Paulley . The national CCF had fallen to eight seats in 1958, losing much of its support to John Diefenbaker 's Tories. When the national party "reinvented" itself in 1961 as the New Democratic Party (via an alliance with

2440-476: The national level. In Manitoba's first Legislative Assembly (1871–1874), the leader of the opposition was Edward Hay , a Liberal who represented the interests of recent anglophone immigrants from Ontario . Not a party leader as such, he was still a leading voice for the newly transplanted "Ontario Grit " tradition. In 1874, Hay served as Minister of Public Works in the government of Marc-Amable Girard , which included both Conservatives and Liberals. During

2501-557: The party in 1969. However, Bend's rural populism did not play well with urban voters. Under his leadership, the party adopted a "cowboy"/"rodeo" theme for the campaign, which made it look and sound dated. The election that followed was an unmitigated disaster; the party dropped to only five seats, the fewest it had ever won. Bend himself was unsuccessful in his bid to succeed Campbell in his own riding. A succession of leaders, including Israel Asper (1970–1975), Charles Huband (1975–1978), and Doug Lauchlan (1980–1982) were unable to prevent

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2562-475: The party's decline. Well into the 1970s, the party was considered very right-wing for its time, despite the Liberal label. This was especially true under Asper's leadership; during his tenure as party leader Asper supported laissez-faire economics and an end to the welfare state —putting it to the right of the Tories. The party largely distanced itself from its right-wing past in the mid-1970s. By this time, however,

2623-763: The party's popular support declined to just above 12%. They also had fewer second-place finishes than they had in 1999. The 2011 provincial election resulted in Jon Gerrard being the only Liberal MLA being elected. He subsequently announced his intention to resign as party leader after serving in the position for 15 years. On October 26, 2013, the Manitoba Liberal Party held a leadership convention in Winnipeg. The contested nomination saw three individuals put their name forward: Bob Axworthy (younger brother of Lloyd Axworthy , former MP, federal Minister of various portfolios, and MLA ), Rana Bokhari , and Dougald Lamont . Bokhari

2684-523: The party, as Ginny Hasselfield defeated Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Kevin Lamoureux by only 21 votes. Two of the party's three MLAs (Lamoureux and Gary Kowalski ) subsequently sat as "Independent Liberals", and there were threats of legal action between Hasselfield and Lamoureux. The party was only reunited when Hasselfield resigned in 1998, replaced by former federal Member of Parliament (MP) Jon Gerrard . Liberal Party support fell by 10% in

2745-453: The private sector. Judy Klassen , one of the two new Liberal MLAs elected in 2016 along with Cindy Lamoureux , served as the interim leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party until June 13, 2017, when she stepped down to become a leadership candidate. Dougald Lamont would ultimately be elected Manitoba Liberal leader at the October 21, 2017 Liberal leadership election , defeating Cindy Lamoureux on

2806-464: The province was polarized between the Tories and the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP, successor to the Manitoba CCF), and the Liberals were unable to present themselves as a viable alternative. The party bottomed out in the 1981 election , when it was completely shut out of the legislature for the first time ever. In 1984, the party chose Sharon Carstairs as its new leader. She was elected to

2867-565: The public school system entirely English and Protestant. English became the province's sole official language. Greenway was able to win large majorities in 1892 and 1896, based largely on single-issue populism relating to the schools question. After this was resolved in 1897, his government became increasingly directionless. In 1899 , the Liberals were defeated by the Hugh John Macdonald -led Manitoba Conservative Party . The Liberals were unable to regain their previous support base in

2928-627: The second ballot by eight votes. On July 17, 2018, Lamont won a by-election in St. Boniface , becoming the party's fourth MLA and giving the Liberals official party status for the first time in 23 years. The by-election followed the resignation of former NDP Premier Greg Selinger . Lamont led the Manitoba Liberals into the 2019 provincial election with four MLAs, though Judy Klassen would not seek re-election. The three other incumbent Liberal MLA were returned, with Lamont being re-elected in St. Boniface, while Gerrard

2989-481: The support of Quebec nationalists . The Manitoba Liberals also supported Robert Borden 's Union government in the election of 1917 (see Conscription Crisis of 1917 ), and were not reconciled with the " Laurier Liberals " until 1922. Even then, they refused to officially re-align themselves with the federal party. The Liberals were swept from power in 1922 by the United Farmers of Manitoba , who were also known as

3050-493: The two parties were effectively one after 1941. The ILP formally disbanded in 1943. In late 1940, the ILP-CCF accepted an offer by Manitoba Premier John Bracken to become part of an all-party "unity government". This decision was opposed by some national leaders (including David Lewis), but was supported by local figures such as Seymour Farmer , who had led the ILP parliamentary group since 1935. On November 4, 1940, Farmer became

3111-450: Was appointed as the interim party leader. Liberal Party leaders "Continuing Liberal" leaders Liberal-Progressive Party leaders Liberal Party leaders (renewal) (Note: Stan Roberts served as the party's acting leader from 1969 to 1970, after Robert Bend was defeated in the province's 1969 election . Although Lloyd Axworthy was the party's only MLA from 1977 to 1979, he was never party leader. Likewise Jon Gerrard remained

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3172-448: Was called, the party had managed to recover to a strong second-place position in the polls. They ran a poor campaign, however, and were again overtaken by the NDP well before election day. Despite having almost 24% of popular support, the Liberals won only three seats and lost official party status. Edwards, who was defeated in his own riding, stepped down as party leader in 1996. The leadership convention of 1996 exposed deep divisions in

3233-452: Was elected leader of the party with 431 ballots cast. In preparation of the 2016 Manitoba general election , the Liberals nominated candidates in all 57 ridings. The party initially had high hopes for the election after a strong showing by the federal Liberals in the 2015 federal election , in which they took all but one seat in Winnipeg. By the time of the writ, Elections Manitoba disqualified four candidates due to improper paperwork and

3294-480: Was founded in December 1920 by disgruntled members of the Dominion Labour Party , who left that organization when it was taken over by rightist elements. Like the DLP, the ILP was a reformist labour group, and often had hostile relations with parties further to the left. In the provincial election of 1920 , the combined efforts of reformist labourites and socialists resulted in eleven leftists being elected to

3355-420: Was less willing to support the ILP's demands for autonomy. The party was referred to as "ILP-CCF" during the provincial election of 1936, against the opposition of some traditional ILP supporters. Following the election (in which the party won seven seats), a group of disgruntled ILP members succeeded in temporarily disaffiliating the parties. Pressure from David Lewis and J. S. Woodsworth brought about

3416-419: Was more closely aligned with the federal Conservatives . This was partly a matter of necessity. As a small province, Manitoba needed to be on favourable terms with whatever party was in power at the federal level. As such, when John A. Macdonald 's Conservatives were returned to power in 1878, the local balance of power began to shift. Luxton's Liberal network supported Norquay against Scott in 1878 and 1879, but

3477-635: Was re-elected in River Heights , and Cindy Lamoureux won in Tyndall Park . Lamont remained the Liberal leader into the 2023 provincial election . The party, however, would suffer a nearly four-point swing away in terms of vote percentage and would return only one MLA, as the New Democrats were swept into power. Gerrard and Lamont lost their seats to New Democrats Mike Moroz and Robert Loiselle respectively, though Lamoureux improved her vote percentage by

3538-414: Was relatively popular among the province's "centre-left" voters, and the CCF increased its seat total to eleven in 1958. The primary benefactors of Campbell's unpopularity, however, were the Progressive Conservatives under Dufferin Roblin , who won 26 seats out of 57. The Campbell government initially attempted to stay in power through an alliance with the CCF, which turned down this offer (perhaps due to

3599-463: Was somewhat unusual, in that he was a federal MP without experience in the provincial house. He was apparently chosen as party leader due to fears that his federal seat would be eliminated by redistribution. Bryce ultimately decided against joining provincial politics, and was replaced by Lloyd Stinson before the 1953 election. Stinson was probably the most adept of the Manitoba CCF's leaders, but he

3660-609: Was subsequently marginalized by the Norquay government. In 1882, Norquay forged a new alliance with the province's Conservatives. In 1882, Thomas Greenway formed a new organization known as the Provincial Rights Party , which called for greater provincial control over resources and the railway. Based in the province's rural areas, this group soon surpassed the Winnipeg Liberals as the dominant opposition to Norquay. After

3721-411: Was unable to translate his personal popularity and charisma into victory at the polls. The party fell to five seats in 1953, during the first election to be held after the province's Liberal-Conservative coalition dissolved amid acrimony. The Liberal government of Douglas Campbell became increasingly unpopular in the mid-1950s, and the CCF was able to tap into some of the public's discontent. Stinson

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