41-570: Mamallapuram (also known as Mahabalipuram ), is a town in Chengalpattu district in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu , best known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site of 7th- and 8th-century Hindu Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram . It is one of the famous tourist sites in India. The ancient name of the place is Thirukadalmallai. It is a part of Chennai Metropolitan Area . It
82-521: A 40% rise in daily revenue from Rs 25 million to Rs 40 million but ended up receiving only Rs 28 million in daily revenue i.e. a 12% increase. The total size of fleet of the MTC is 3688, of which 3492 buses are operated every day on an average. MTC operates over 5000 services daily covering about 830 routes. The last time buses were added to the fleet was in January 2020. Per RTO rules, an MTC bus could accommodate
123-431: A bus for another 30 minutes afterwards. Many routes also suffer from a low frequency of buses. MTC has been a loss making company for a long time which has hampered its ability to improve services or add new buses, however its previous attempt to increase fares in 2018 ended up causing a steep decline in daily passengers resulting in an even greater loss of ₹730.45 crore in financial year 2017-18 as against ₹519.48 crore in
164-535: A fleet of 5,160 buses just to meet the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs benchmark of 60 buses per 100,000 people, which in 2022 would require 1,706 additional buses. In addition a 2016 report by the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways found 72.1% of the buses to be overage. MTC buses are also notorious for bus bunching (i.e. two or more buses of the same route arriving together) with commuters frequently complaining about not being able to get
205-423: A maximum of 83 passengers, including 48 sitting and 27 standing. However, buses carry over 160 passengers in some routes, especially during peak hours, with many travelling on the footboard of the bus resulting in several accidents. According to Union Transport Ministry of India on March 22, 2016, Chennai was reported to have the most crowded buses in the country with 1300 passengers per bus per day per direction. This
246-401: Is 5,000 as against a required driver strength of 5,800. In May 2017, the MTC had a scheduled fleet of 3688 buses and total fleet strength of 3968 buses. On 20 January 2018, the MTC introduced a controversial rise in fares with minimum fares for ordinary buses going up from Rs 2 to Rs 5, and maximum fare going up from Rs 12 to Rs 23, the fares were also hiked for other categories of buses with
287-458: Is Aw. The average annual temperature is 28.4 °C. The temperatures are highest on average in May, at around 32.6 °C. In January, the average temperature is 24.3 °C, the lowest of the year. The average temperatures vary during the year by 8.3 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 1219 mm. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. The variation in the precipitation between
328-485: Is a satellite town of Chennai . Mamallapuram was one of two major port cities in the Pallava kingdom . The town was named after Pallava king Narasimhavarman I , who was also known as Mamalla. Along with economic prosperity, it became the site of a group of royal monuments, many carved out of the living rock. These are dated to the 7th and 8th centuries: rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries),
369-562: Is amongst the highest for the 38 transport corporations in the country. The MTC services are not integrated with the Mass Rapid Transit System . Some of the MRTS stations are located away from bus stops which makes transfers difficult. Recently mini-buses have started to ply as a feeder to plug the gaps in connectivity. There are buses to various parts of the city from the airport and some air passengers and many airport employees, use
410-520: Is due to the extensive routes the buses ply to and also the cost which is reasonably less than some of the major cities in the country. An exclusive and efficient BRTS on dedicated elevated roads is being proposed by MTC as well as the Tamil Nadu Government in order to improve the share of public transport. For a city like Chennai, ideally more than 60% of the people should be using public transport systems. However, owing to its vehicle density which
451-506: Is the primary language spoken in the district. Chengalpattu District has 6 State Assembly Constituencies: Two State Assembly constituencies are partially from Chennai: Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) The Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd. (MTC) , is the agency that operates the public bus service in Chennai , India. It is a subsidiary of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd . As of August 2024
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#1732845349438492-1081: Is the second highest in the country, only 40% of the citizenry use public transport which is quite low. Normal buses These buses in the MTC fleet were manufactured by Ashok Leyland and Tata Motors . These buses were launched in the 1990s and some continue to ply while the majority have been replaced in favor of newer buses. Semi-Low floor buses The semi- low floored and deluxe buses have improved passenger amenities like improved lighting, plastic moulded seats and driver operated pneumatic, doors into its fleet. The first set of such buses from Ashok Leyland were introduced in February 2007. The newer range of these semi-low floor buses supplied under JNNURM are BS-III compliant and have LED displays. Some continue to ply while most of them are replaced by newer buses Vestibule services MTC also runs articulated buses provided by Ashok Leyland in congested routes. The fares are similar to those of ordinary services. These buses have 2 conductors, plastic moulded seats and LED boards. Around
533-518: The Mahabharata , were built largely during the reigns of King Narasimhavarman and his successor Rajasimhavarman and show the movement from rock-cut architecture to structural building. The city of Mahabalipuram was founded by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I in the 7th century CE. The mandapa or pavilions and the rathas or shrines shaped as temple chariots are hewn from the granite rock face, while
574-530: The Pallava Period . The site is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India . Some important structures include: As of 2001 India census, Mahabalipuram had a population of 12,345. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mahabalipuram has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 73%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 66%. In Mahabalipuram, 12% of
615-574: The Seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram that stood on the shore, of which one, the Shore Temple , survives. Neolithic burial urn, cairn circles and jars with burials dating to the 1st century BCE have been discovered near Mahabalipuram. The Sangam age poem Perumpāṇāṟṟuppadai relates the rule of King Thondaiman Ilam Thiraiyar at Kanchipuram of the Tondai Nadu port Nirppeyyaru which scholars identify with
656-438: The 3rd century to 9th century CE, and used the port to launch trade and diplomatic missions to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. An 8th-century Tamil text written by Thirumangai Alvar described this place as Sea Mountain 'where the ships rode at anchor bent to the point of breaking laden as they were with wealth, big trunked elephants and gems of nine varieties in heaps'. The temples of Mahabalipuram, portraying events described in
697-426: The MTC had a total fleet of 3,376 buses with 3,233 scheduled services, with on average 5.092 Million passengers on an average per day. On March 22, 2016, the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways reported that Chennai had the most crowded buses in the country with 1300 passengers per bus in each direction per day. During peak hours, on some routes, a bus with a capacity to accommodate 80 persons carries twice
738-576: The Morning and Evening serving passengers for Secretariat (located at Fort St. George ) or Rajaji Bhavan (located in Besant Nagar ) and Rest of regular routes As of 2012, MTC's advertisement revenue per month is ₹ 86 lakhs. About 2,000 of the MTC's 3,400 buses have been maintained by companies that advertise on the buses since December 2011, but the advertisement space was open for all to bid. In 2012, MTC decided to allow only those companies that take up
779-415: The administration by having special counseling and yoga sessions for the workers. The entrances to most buses have at least two steps. This poses difficulty for some passengers to alight or board the buses. Some of the bus stations are poorly maintained. MTC officials are under pressure from councilors and MLAs to introduce new bus routes to or through their constituency even though such a move may not be
820-488: The art of making sculptures and temples. MTC and TNSTC (Villupuram division) operate bus services between Mamallapuram/Mahabalipuram and Chennai, Chengalpattu, Kancheepuram, Thiruttani etc. MTC's bus services available from various parts of the Chennai include Deluxe and Air-conditioned buses. Mahabalipuram is 56 km from Chennai. Mahabalipuram has a tropical wet and dry climate . The Köppen-Geiger climate classification
861-478: The city of Mamalla, the other name of the famous Pallava Emperor Narasimhavarman I (630-670 CE) who built the famous temples in the city. Thirumangai Alvar , the famous Vaishnavite saint mentions this place as Thirukadalmallai, referring to the Sthalasayana Perumal Temple . Another name by which Mahabalipuram has been known to mariners, at least since Marco Polo 's time is "Seven Pagodas" alluding to
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#1732845349438902-498: The cleaning assignment. Still they will have to pay the market rate for the space, while they will get paid for the cleaning. As of 2012, the corporation pays ₹ 18 per bus per cleaner every day. As of 17 Apr 2013 The total revenue per day of all the buses is 2.75 cr The MTC buses have an occupancy ratio (average number of passengers to total seating capacity in a bus) of 84.35%. Each MTC bus can carry 72 people, including 24 standing passengers. The occupancy ratio in Chennai
943-453: The current route. The "X" bus routes operate with a consistent frequency of 25 to 30 minutes, particularly the bus service to Kilambakkam (K.C.B.T), as well as routes 102x and 570x to Thiruporur. These routes are also recognized as infrequent bus services. These Routes are operated by small buses which mainly acts as feeder services for metro stations, railway stations or for interior local neighborhood routes These make single trips each in
984-582: The driest and wettest months is 309 mm. The town has a collection of 7th- and 8th-century Hindu religious monuments that has been declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It is on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . The site has 40 ancient monuments and Hindu temples , including Descent of the Ganges or Arjuna's Penance – one of
1025-487: The employees' wages for welfare measures (such as health insurance) and retirement benefits is used up to finance day-to-day operation, resulting in the organisation being reliant on the state government to release funds for retirement benefits. Many retired employees have to wait for months to receive their pension, and dearness allowance arrears have been pending for years. There have complaints about operator behavior on MTC buses and these have been effectively addressed by
1066-754: The end of 2017, some of these buses are condemned and no longer in service. Air-conditioned buses MTC earlier operated low-floor Volvo B7RLE air-conditioned buses on selected routes. There were 100 of these buses running on select routes at regular intervals when they were introduced. They stopped operating in 2018 owing to poor and higher cost of maintenance, and replaced in favor of newer Ashok Leyland electric buses. Small buses MTC has launched small-bus services to connect remote places of Chennai and its suburbs. These buses are provided by Tata. The Metropolitan Transport Corporation had 33 depots in 2020, each with an average parking capacity of 200 buses. Besant Nagar and M.K.B Nagar depots became defunct in 2020 and
1107-473: The famed Shore Temple , erected half a century later, is built from dressed stone. What makes Mahabalipuram so culturally resonant are the influences it absorbs and disseminates. The Shore Temple includes many reliefs, including one 100 feet (30 m) long and 45 feet (14 m) high, carved out of granite. In 1957 the Government College of Architecture and Sculpture was established to promote and revive
1148-704: The giant open-air rock relief the Descent of the Ganges , and the Shore Temple dedicated to Shiva . The contemporary town plan was established by the British Raj in 1827. The earliest mention of the city is found in the 1st century work called Periplus of the Erythraean Sea by an unknown Greek navigator. Ptolemy , the Greek geographer refers this place as Malange. Mahabalipuram is also known by other names such as Mamallapattana and Mamallapuram. The term Mamallapuram means
1189-740: The largest open-air rock relief in the world. The site includes several categories of monuments: ratha temples with an architecture of monolith processional chariots built between 630 and 668 CE; the mandapa viharas with halls and stone roofs with narratives from the Mahabharata , Shaktism and Vaishnavism ; rock reliefs particularly bas-reliefs of Shaivism , Shaktism and Vaishnavism; stone cut temples particularly those dedicated to Shiva that also reverentially display Vishnu and others, built between 695 and 722 CE; and, archaeological excavations with inscriptions some dated to 6th century and earlier. The cave temples and monolithic temples were built during
1230-410: The minimum fare for Express buses becoming Rs 8 and maximum becoming Rs 35 while the minimum fares of Deluxe buses were Rs 12 and maximum fares Rs 48, this was the first such price hike since 2011. This was followed with an increase in the number of deluxe buses (from 900 to 1200) which were the costliest buses. This led to a 30% fall in the number of daily passengers within 3 months. The MTC had projected
1271-730: The number of people due to the extensiveness of the system. It has an operating area of 3,929 square kilometres (1,517 sq mi). MTC has a total of 668 routes with its largest terminus being Broadway in Central Chennai. The Pallavan Transport Corporation Ltd was established on 1 January 1972 with a fleet strength of 1,029 buses. The operational jurisdiction is the Chennai Metropolitan area. It served 176 routes and had 8 depots, including those at T. Nagar , Adyar , and Vadapalani . Depots at Anna Nagar and K.K. Nagar were established in 1973. The Pallavan Transport Corporation
Mamallapuram - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-674: The population is under 6 years of age. In October 2019, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Arjuna's Penance, the Pancha Rathas complex and the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram. Chengalpattu district Chengalpattu District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu , in India . The district headquarters is located at Chengalpattu . Chengalpattu district came into existence on 29 November 2019 when it
1353-412: The present-day Mahabalipuram. Chinese coins and Roman coins of Theodosius I in the 4th century CE have been found at Mahabalipuram revealing the port as an active hub of global trade in the late classical period. Two Pallava coins bearing legends read as Srihari and Srinidhi have been found at Mahabalipuram. The Pallava kings ruled Mahabalipuram from Kanchipuram ; the capital of the Pallava dynasty from
1394-436: The previous financial year of 2016–17. MTC finances are also strained by the constant hikes in fuel prices. This weak financial position has led to it cutting back on some services. Due to its weak financial position, MTC along with other STCs have found it difficult to pay their employees retirement benefits, dearness allowance, pensions, etc., with many social security measures remaining only on paper. The amount deducted from
1435-601: The regions of Thiruvallur, Chengalpattu, and Kanchipuram The aforementioned cut services primarily function as feeder services for depots such as Alandur, M.G.R Central, Tondiarpet, Thiruvottriyur, Thiruvanmiyur, Vadapalani, Iyyappanthangal, Poonamallee, Perumbakkam, Saidapet, Avadi, Ambathur, Adyar, Ayanavaram, Anna Nagar West, Kalaignar Nagar, Madhavaram, and Perambur, in addition to regular routes including 26, 102, and others. The "EXTN" services primarily function as feeder services, providing regular connections to various destinations while incorporating additional stops along
1476-402: The service. The bus stop is close to the international terminal. The accident rate of MTC is high compared to similar metropolitan transport corporations in the country. In Chennai, 104 people died in 2012 in accidents involving MTC buses. The driver unions are blamed for violations going unpunished and continuing unabated. To mitigate the no. of accidents, officials of the corporation and
1517-414: The traffic police conduct refresher courses and yoga classes for MTC drivers. MTC buses can be very overcrowded with footboard traveling being a common occurrence in the ordinary buses with no doors, which has led to numerous accidents. The main reason for this overcrowding being the fact number of buses operated by the MTC is not enough to meet the requirement of such a large city, with the city needing
1558-1372: Was carved out of Kanchipuram district after the announcement about the bifurcation of districts on 18 July 2019. Chengalpattu District has 3 Revenue Divisions Taluks in the Tambaram and Chengalpattu Revenue Divisions lie in the Chennai Metropolitan Area . Chengalpattu district has 16 district panchayat wards details of which are in Chengalpattu district has 1 City Municipal Corporation Chengalpattu District has 4 Municipalities Chengalpattu District has only 1 Cantonment Board Chengalpattu District has 6 Town Panchayats details of which are in Chengalpattu District has 8 Panchayat Unions Chengalpattu District has 359 Rural Village Panchayats. Mudichur , Vandalur , Urapakkam, Pozhichalur , Tirusulam , Cowl Bazaar , Medavakkam , Nanmangalam , Kovilambakkam , Agaramthen , Mappedu , Sithalapakkam , Kovilanchery , Ponmar , Mambakkam , Thalambur , Thimmavaram , Siruseri , Muttukadu , Singaperumal Koil , Paranur , Kodur , Koovathur , Nedumaram , Paiyanoor , Seekinankuppam , Veerabogam , Manamai, Padur, Kolatthur, Manampathy, Mullipakkam, Karumpakkam and Cheyyur. Tamil language
1599-558: Was merged with Adyar and Vyasarpadi respectively. This number has fallen to 31 in 2022. In 2023, a new Kilambakkam depot was opened as part of the Kilambakkam Bus Terminus bringing the number of active depots to 32. The 34 depots of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (as of 2023) are listed below: All routes operate in both directions, similar to the MTC control system in Chennai, and are effective in
1640-490: Was renamed as Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Madras Division - II) Ltd., on 1 July 1997. In order to make the Corporations viable, and for better administrative control, Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Madras Division II) was amalgamated with Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Madras Division I) Ltd on 10 January 2001. As of 2012, the corporation operates 42,961 services daily in 800 routes. The driver strength at MTC
1681-451: Was split into two and a new Corporation, namely, Dr. Ambedkar Transport Corporation Ltd. started functioning from 19 January 1994. The depots in the northern areas of the city were brought under Dr. Ambedkar Transport Corporation Ltd and the southern depots came under Pallavan Transport Corporation. Pallavan Transport Corporation was renamed as Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Madras Division - I) Limited and Dr. Ambedkar Transport Corporation