55-593: Mainpuri ( Mainpurī ) is a city in Mainpuri district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is the administrative headquarters of Mainpuri district and is situated to the north-east of Agra and is 270 km from New Delhi . Mainpuri is located in the Braj region, which holds special religious significance to Hindus as the homeland of Krishna . As of 2011, Mainpuri had a population of 136,557 in 24,498 households. Mainpuri
110-651: A 545-foot span on the Farukkhabad Road. Next to the Kali comes the Isan, which is here a considerable stream, fordable only in a few places during the rainy season. During the remainder of the year the volume of running water is small, and in years of unusual drought there is no apparent stream, but the pools that remain are fed by the springs. During the first part of its course and to within four miles of its junction with Kali Nadi about three miles northwest of Mainpuri, it runs through
165-681: A canopy above tombs , they largely serve as decorative elements as opposed to functional elements. The earliest examples of chhatri being used in the Indian Subcontinent were found in the Shrine of Ibrahim in Bhadreswar , constructed between 1159 and 1175 AD. Chhatri are found particularly within Mughal architecture . The most notable surviving examples today are to be found at Humayun's Tomb in Delhi and
220-484: A large town to a smaller village. In 1802, the British founded a civil station just east of Mainpuri to serve as the headquarters of the new Etawah district . The civil station consisted of three settlements: Gola Bazar, Nagla Chamaran, and Nagla Pazawa. Due to its position as an administrative headquarters, the entire town of Mainpuri quickly grew. In 1804, it was attacked and pillaged by forces under Yashwant Rao Holkar ,
275-502: A loam and usar country, has a comparatively shallow bed, and often overflows the neighbouring lands in times of flooding. The Arind (or Rind as it is called further down its course) is an insignificant stream in this district, which it enters to the north of pargana Mustafabad, between the Etawah and Kanpur branches of the Ganges Canal , and traverses in an exceedingly sinuous course from
330-418: A population of 136,557, in 24,498 households. This population was 52.2% male (71,274) and 47.8% female (65,283). The 0-6 age group numbered 17,360 (9,276 male and 8,084 female), or 12.7% of the total population. 22,540 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 16.5% of the total. The town's literacy rate was 83.4% (counting only people age 7 and up). There are several ancient and well-known Hindu temples in
385-638: A sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.26%. Mainpuri district was formed in 1837, when the massive Etawah district was divided. Mainpuri itself had previously been the seat of Etawah district since 1801, when the British had annexed the territory from the Nawab of Awadh . Another major change was when Etah district was split off in 1845. Several copper harpoons and antenna swords have been found in Ganeshpur village in 2022 which are from Copper Hoard Culture . Mainpuri formed part of
440-462: A simple structure of one dome raised by four pillars to a building containing many domes and a basement with several rooms. In some places, the interior of the chhatri is painted in the same manner as the haveli (mansions) of the region. Many other chhatri exist in other parts of Rajasthan. Their locations include: Some of the best-known chhatri in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan are located in
495-624: Is a question? The Hindu culture of the joint family system was once adored in the city, which has slowly disintegrated due to rapid industrial development, urban development, economic issues and social features. The rituals of the Vedic religion manifest themselves in the various festivals that are celebrated in this city. People usually do not consume non-vegetarian food on Thursdays. Its annual Janardhan Swami Temple, and Sivagiri Mutt festivals feature vibrant colors and spiritual expression. These festivals which last for days attract locals and tourists alike by
550-488: Is a section of the Agra road running east–west through town. This is the main commercial centre and many of the public buildings are built here. The Bhanwat road branches off from the main road and heads south to the train station. Mainpuri historically consisted of two separate settlements: Mainpuri Khas , the old town, in the north and surrounding the raja's garhi (fort-palace complex); and Mukhamganj, or Ganj, further south on
605-759: Is also known for the sarus crane ( Grus antigone ). This bird, called krouncha in India, is revered as a symbol of marital fidelity and is celebrated in myth and legend. There are estimated to be 8,000-10,000 sarus cranes in India. Two-thirds of its population resides in the village Andani of Karhal. Another place of interest in the Mainpuri District is the Saman Bird Sanctuary . The Siberian crane comes here in its migration cycle and stays for 3–4 months from November to February. Part-time wildlife photographer Mr. Shashank Raghav has contributed his photos to depict
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#1732855456447660-462: Is at Agra, which is 110 km away. Mainpuri district Mainpuri district is one of the districts in the Agra division of Uttar Pradesh , India . Mainpuri town is the district headquarters. It consists of six tehsils , namely Mainpuri , Bhongaon , Karhal , Kishni , Kurawali and Ghiror. Mainpuri forms part of the ancient legendary region of Lord Krishna 's land called Braj . It
715-464: Is bounded on the north by Etah district , on the east by the districts Farrukhabad and Kannauj , on the south by Etawah district and on the west by the districts Firozabad and Etah. It lies between north latitude 260 53′ to 270 31′ and east longitude 780 27′ to 790 26′. According to the 2011 census, Mainpuri district has a population of 1,847,194. The district has a population density of 670 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,700/sq mi). Mainpuri has
770-435: Is composed of Yadav caste. Other dominant castes of the district are Jats and Thakurs . All the following tables are as of 2011. The following table shows how households get their main source of drinking water: The following table shows how households get their main source of lighting: The following table shows how households mainly go to the bathroom: The following table sorts households by whether they have
825-476: Is located on a branch of the historical Grand Trunk Road , about 110 km from the city of Agra . The Isan river is on the east side of town. Mainpuri is about 5 km downstream from the point where the Isan receives the Kak Nadi as a tributary. In this area, up until about 1 km downstream of Mainpuri, the Isan has a relatively shallow bed and often overflows during the monsoon season. Three bridges cross
880-482: Is predominant — Siyaram Agency is one of the leading equipment manufacturers in the district. Mainpuri is renowned for its woodwork inlaid with brass wire, a process known as tarkashi (literally "wire-drawing"). Dark shisham wood is the main type of wood used, and some of the items commonly decorated in this way are footwear, plates and trays, various small boxes, and photo frames. Tarkashi items are made by gently hammering brass strips into chiselled-out incisions in
935-478: Is situated at Shikohabad - Mainpuri Road. There is one government polytechnic college. It has three branches of engineering, electronics, microprocessors and instrumentation and control. It is located at Sindhiya Tiraha near new Mandi. Mainpuri is well-connected to other parts of the state by road and broad-gauge railway so one can visit Mainpuri by train. Currently, the only two trains are the Kalindi Express and
990-417: Is situated at old Mainpuri. The fort is not a spot of tourist interest. It is the private property of erstwhile raja of two estates, Mainpuri and Lawan (Dausa, Rajasthan) and repaired, maintained and restored by him. Attractions include the parks Phoolbagh and Lohia Park. Phoolbagh is situated at Jail Chauraha while Lohia Park is situated at District Collectorate. Both have green lawns and fountains. Mainpuri
1045-426: Is the name for soil containing a large proportion of sand, while matyar is the name of soil containing a large proportion of clay. Between these two is a loamy soil called domat with clay and sand more evenly divided. A lighter soil is known as pilia , coming between domal and bhur . The barren soil known as usher is found at the heads and partly down the courses of the smaller rivers such as Ahnaiya and Puraha,
1100-404: Is visited by thousands on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Cotton ginning , oilseed milling, lamp and glass manufacturing constitute the prominent industries. Peanut farming is a small but well-spread out industry. The town is also renowned for its tobacco and wooden sculptures. A large amount of the population depends on agriculture produce to fulfill daily needs. The agricultural equipment industry
1155-604: The Mathuriya Brahmans , who later became merchants instead. A new site called Mukhamganj, which is now the main part of town, was founded in 1746 by Raja Jaswant Singh on the Grand Trunk Road. It was named after Mukham Singh, who is variously recorded as a son of Jaswant's who born out of wedlock or as his own childless brother. The new town quickly grew as people moved here from the town of Karimganj , further north. Mukhamganj quickly eclipsed Karimganj, which dwindled from
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#17328554564471210-460: The Sengar and Arind and the numerous minor esteems. It appears to be a clay deposit too compact to permit cultivation in places too impregnated with Reh and other deleterious mineral substances to permit the growth of even grass. Wasteland: The barren land consists for the most part of usar plains. Forests: The total area covered in the district is 2,154 hectares (5,320 acres). A considerable area of
1265-726: The Taj Mahal in Agra . The Berar Sultanate in the Deccan added chhatris on buildings in its various capitals. Chhatri have also been used in Rajasthan and other parts of the Indian Subcontinent by both Muslim and Hindu rulers. They are primarily used to manipulate skylines, an important aspect of Rajasthani architecture. For instance, they may be added to building roofs, and larger chhatri may be used as cenotaphs. Its origins are, however, Rajastani . While chhatri in Shekhawati may consist of
1320-400: The 1901 census, the city of Mainpuri had a population of exactly 19,000 (not counting the civil station, which had a population of exactly 1,000). The population was 73% Hindu (13,955) and 23% Muslim (4,436); the remaining 3% (609) followed other religions. Sometime between 1901 and 1910, the city limits were expanded southward to include the train station. As of the 2011 census , Mainpuri had
1375-497: The Isan river in Mainpuri; the northernmost is by the Devi temple on the road to [[KURAWLI]. The soil in this area is a mix of loam and usar . On the south of Mainpuri is the railway, along with the train station. Mainpuri railway station was deliberately built in the middle of an unproductive usar plain so it wouldn't take away from the available farmland. The main street in Mainpuri
1430-405: The Isan. The general slope of the country, is from northwest to southeast, and this is the direction in which the rivers run and which is therefore followed in the main by the drainage. There are however, numerous inequalities of surface caused by the greater or less elevation of the river beds and by sand bridges, and the general disposition of the drainage differs somewhat in different portions of
1485-516: The Kanpur Anand Vihar Express, which connect Mainpuri to Delhi and Kanpur . The city is also linked by railways to Farrukhabad and Shikohabad , Etawah and Kanpur . Major cities within a 300-kilometre (190 mi) range of Mainpuri include Agra , Delhi , Bareilly , Meerut , Firozabad , Shikohabad , Etawah , Jhansi , Gwalior and Kanpur . The Agra Lucknow Expressway connects Mainpuri to Lucknow. The closest civil airport
1540-561: The Maratha ruler of Indore . Major construction was done in Mainpuri from 1848 to 1850, involving the Raikesganj marketplace and a school, and again in the 1870s, involving three marketplaces, a post office, more schools, and a drainage system for the city. The three marketplaces built in the 1870s included one for vegetable produce, one for ghee and cotton, and one, called Laneganj after its builder, for grain. Laneganj, which replaced Raikesganj as
1595-512: The Nagaria distributary. At the turn of the 20th century, there was still a large open area between the town of Mainpuri and the train station to the south. There was a brickyard in this area. At the east end of town was a cotton ginning mill. There were about 20 makers of tarkashi work (wood inlaid with brass wire) in the city at the time. In terms of commerce, there was an active trade in cotton, grain, iron, and vegetables. At this time, Mainpuri
1650-473: The Saman Bird Sanctuary within the Mainpuri district. The district hospital is called Maharaja Tej Singh Jila Chikitsalya. Mainpuri Janch Kendra is a Registered Pathology in the district in the fields of biotechnology and biochemistry. Mainpuri District has a very high number of cancer patients due to consumption of kapuri ( camphor ) flavoured tobacco. As of 2009, Mainpuri has 61 schools teaching at
1705-496: The US state of West Virginia . This gives it a ranking of 255th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 670 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,700/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.69%. Mainpuri has a sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.26%. 15.44% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 19.71% of
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1760-567: The appearance of an extensive level plain broken only by the sand ridges on the western border, the rolling sand hills and undulations of the Kali and Isan rivers, and the ravines along the Yamuna to the southwest. The Kali Nadi forms the boundary of this plain on the north and northeast and the Yamuna encloses it on the southwest. Both these rivers flow towards the southeast and between them. The general slope of
1815-405: The barren land is covered with dark jungle. A great deal of wasteland is covered with the coarse grass known locally as ganra ( gandhar ) or sinkh . Ganra is used for thatching and making ropes and mats. The babul grows in large clumps on the usar plains and is, indeed, the only tree which flourishes on them. Its cultivation has for some time been encouraged by the increase of moisture due to
1870-408: The canals and the great demand for wood both for fuel and carpentry. Its timber is hard and close-grained and is used for building purposes, fuel and charcoal. The Kali Nadi forms the northeastern boundary of the district separating it from Etah and Farukkhabad. It is a narrow stream, but perennial, and even during the spring and summer months is only fordable at certain places. There is a bridge with
1925-516: The city's main grain market, stretched from the Raikesganj sarai in the south to the intersection of the Katra and Kuraoli roads in the north, on the border with Mainpuri Khas. A large masonry tank was also built next to the Laneganj market, with a stone chhatri at each corner. In the hotter part of the year, the tank was fed by a canal coming up to the town from the south, where it ultimately branched off from
1980-585: The city. These include Sheetla Devi Temple which hosts a 20-day rural exhibition-cum-trade fair every year in March/April. Bhimsen Mandir is an ancient Shiva temple and Falahari Ashram situated on Jyoti-Devi Road has very a rare statue of the goddess Durga with 18 arms. Another ancient Shiv temple is Chandeshwar Mandir situated on Chandeshwar Road. Also located on Devi Road are the twin Shiv temples of Kale Mahadev and Shweat Mahadev. Hanuman Temple situated on old Tehsil Road
2035-464: The country is from northwest to southeast, taking the district from north to south. Generally speaking, the soils of the district are typical of those found elsewhere in the Indo-Gangetic plain , and are classified on two principles according to whether the distinctions recognised are natural or artificial. Both are well-understood and commonly employed by the cultivator. Of the natural divisions bhur
2090-520: The district. In the center tract, which lies highest, the main drainage arteries are the Isan and the Arind. Pargana Karhal has been seriously affected by the canal. The Kali and Isan and their catchment basins all belong to the Ganges system, and all the other rivers to that of the Yamuna. According to the 2011 census Mainpuri district has a population of 1,868,529, roughly equal to the nation of Kosovo or
2145-441: The following cities and towns: The region of Madhya Pradesh is the site of several other notable chhatri of its famous Maratha rulers: Chhatri were features in many buildings of Mughal architecture : Chhatri can also be found in the outskirts of Bhuj city belonging mainly to Jadeja rulers of Kutch. The chhatri of Rao Lakhpatji is very famous for its intricate designs & carvings. Most of them but have been destroyed in
2200-559: The following possessions: The ethnic city Mainpuri was ruled by the Mughals, Marathas, Afghans and Nawabs in various time periods. Among them, the Mughal and Nawabs vastly influenced the culture of the city. Music, dance, architecture, arts and crafts flourished under their rule. Hindus , Muslims , Jains , Buddhists , Christians and Sikhs were the principal communities residing in the city. How festival created unity among Hindus and Muslims
2255-414: The kingdom of Kanauj , and after its fall it was divided into a number of petty principalities, of which Rapri and Bhongaon were chief. In 1194 Rapri was made the seat of a Muslim governor. Mainpuri fell to the Mughal's on Baber’s invasion in 1526, and, although temporarily wrested from them by the short-lived Afghan dynasty of Shere Shah, was again occupied by them on the reinstatement of Humayun after
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2310-720: The main road. The Katra road historically marked the southern boundary of Mainpuri Khas. Mainpuri Khas was historically surrounded by a wall, with six gates. The names of five are known: the Debi, Tal, Madar, Deoraya, and Ganesh Darwazas. The name of the sixth is not recorded. Nagaria, a suburb of Mainpuri, is near where the Tal Darwaza once stood. According to tradition, a branch of the Chauhan Rajputs came to Mainpuri from Asauli under one Raja Partab Rudr sometime between 1363 and 1391 (1420-1448 samvat ). They were accompanied by fighters from
2365-453: The more considerable ones, and for the others reference should be made to the accounts of parganas. In all 36,870 acres are recorded in the revenue record as underwater, even the largest, as they are seldom supplied by springs. There is also a long narrow lake of considerable size to the southwest of Mainpuri city, between it and the Kanpur branch of the Ganges canal, which drains by two cuts towards
2420-407: The northwest to the southeast corner. A straight line from its point of entry to its point of exit is almost the longest which could be drawn on the district map. It presents a striking contrast to the Kali and Isan. Mainpuri abounds in swamps and marshes, particularly in its central portion, but few of them are of sufficient size or permanence to be considered lakes. Mention will only be made here of
2475-478: The outbreak of the mutiny in 1857, the regiment stationed at Mainpuri revolted and attacked the town, which was successfully defended by the few Europeans of the station for a week, until the arrival of the Jhansi mutineers made it necessary to abandon the district. Kak Nadi, Senghar Nadi, and Sehar Nadi were some of the rivers in the area which have since dried up. The Mainpuri district is headed by an IAS officer of
2530-456: The parks Phoolbagh and Lohia Park. Phoolbagh is situated at Jail Chauraha while Lohia Park is situated at District Collectorate. Both have green lawns and fountains. Mainpuri is also known for the sarus crane ( Grus antigone ). This bird, called krouncha in India, is revered as a symbol of marital fidelity and is celebrated in myth and legend. There are estimated to be 8,000-10,000 sarus cranes in India. Two-thirds of its population resides in
2585-405: The population. Hindi and Braj Bhasha is the predominant language, spoken by 59.22% and 40.28 of the population. Mainpuri is a predominantly Hindu district, with Muslims as the largest minority. In rural areas Hindus are nearly 96% of the population. There are around 8,800 Buddhists in the district. In Mainpuri, the total population is approximately 12.3 lakh and 35 percent of this population
2640-533: The primary level, 11 schools teaching at the secondary level, and 4 public libraries. Government Engineering College, Mainpuri (खर्रा)) (Rajkiya Engineering College, REC) is a government engineering college in Mainpuri. It is a constituent college of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University ) in Lucknow . The college has four branches: computer science, civil, electrical, and mechanical with 63 students in each branch. REC
2695-407: The rank of District Magistrate (DM). The district is further sub-divided into sub-divisions or Tehsils, each headed by a Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM). These Tehsils are further divided into Blocks , each headed by a Block development officer (BDO). The six sub-divisions or Tehsils in Mainpuri are as follows: The nine Blocks in Mainpuri are as follows: The district generally gives
2750-1072: The thousands. On Tuesdays the city celebrates the birth day of Lord Hanuman . Devotees flock to the local temples to offer prayers. The city fair is held at Sheetla Devi Temple in March or April; the nine days of worshiping the various avatars of the goddess Durga (i.e. Chaitra Navratri ) occurs during these months. During these nine days, many of the locals also keep fasts where they eat only fruits during this period and men do not shave their beards or mustaches. The primary exports from Mainpuri district are agricultural products: wheat, pulses, potatoes, oilseeds and oil, rice, and ghee. Fish are also exported to Kolkata . Some manufactured goods are also exported: glassware, lightbulbs, and leather products. Major imports include cloth, chemicals, utensils, fertilizers, electrical goods, paper, and fuels like petrol and kerosene, as well as general consumer goods. The main commercial centres in Mainpuri district are Shikohabad , Bewar, Kusmara, Sirsaganj, and Ghiror. Fort/Garhi of Mainpuri
2805-496: The victory of Panipat . Like the rest of the lower Doab, towards the end of the 18th century Mainpuri passed into the power of the Maratha Empire and finally became a portion of the province of Oudh . When this part of the country was ceded to the British in 1801, Mainpuri town became the headquarters of the extensive district of Etawah, which was in 1856 reduced by the formation of Etah and Mainpuri into separate collectorates. On
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#17328554564472860-436: The villages Harwai,Andani of Karhal. Another place of interest in the Mainpuri District is the Saman Bird Sanctuary . The Siberian crane comes here in its migration cycle and stays for 3–4 months from November to February. Part-time wildlife photographer Mr. Shashank Raghav has contributed his photos to depict the wildlife of the Mainpuri District, especially the different species of birds which can be found in nearby areas of
2915-793: The wildlife of the Mainpuri District, especially the different species of birds which can be found in nearby areas of the Saman Bird Sanctuary within the Mainpuri district. Government Engineering College, Mainpuri is a government engineering college in Mainpuri . It is a constituent college of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University ) in Lucknow . 27°10′N 79°00′E / 27.167°N 79.000°E / 27.167; 79.000 Chhatri Chhatri are semi-open, elevated, dome-shaped pavilions used as an element in Indo-Islamic architecture and Indian architecture . They are most commonly square, octagonal, and round. Originating as
2970-488: The wood. A stencil is used to mark out complex designs beforehand. Tarkashi work is typically a slow process – a plate with a 30 cm diameter can take up to 20 days – so the items tend to be relatively expensive. Fort/Garhi of Mainpuri is situated at old Mainpuri. The fort is not a spot of tourist interest. It is the private property of erstwhile raja of two estates, Mainpuri and Lawan (Dausa, Rajasthan) and repaired, maintained and restored by him. Attractions include
3025-591: Was divided into four wards (two in Mainpuri Khas and two in Mukhamganj). The wards in Mainpuri Khas were Misrana, comprising the mohallas Katra, Misrana, and Chautiana; and Purohitana, comprising the mohallas Purohitana, Sotiana, Baghban, and Bharatwal. The wards in Mukhamganj were Chhapaiti, comprising the mohallas Agarwala, Lohai, and Chhapaiti; and Gariwan, comprising the mohallas Gariwan, Saraogian, and Dariba. As of
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