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96-475: It is the birthplace of Andrés Manuel López Obrador , the current Mexican President. The etymology of Macuspana's name is uncertain. The Enciclopedia de los municipios de México offers three possible explanations: [1] The geographical vicinity is also known as the Macuspana Basin. 17°46′N 92°36′W  /  17.767°N 92.600°W  / 17.767; -92.600 This article about

192-420: A Christian , in the broadest sense of the word, because Christ is love and justice is love." López Obrador has held a variety of nicknames throughout his life, including El Molido , El Americano (The American), La Piedra (The Rock), El Comandante (The Commander), and the most popular among them is El Peje , named after the common Tabasco fish, the pejelagarto . A baseball fan, his favorite sportsteam

288-469: A double entendre referring to women in relation to the number of sexual relations they have had in their lifetime. Ochoa Reza's tweet apologized to dark-skinned people but not to women. Later Sinembargo.mx revealed that José Antonio Meade justified Enrique Ochoa's usage of the expression, by saying: uno se excede y es natural (English: one gets-ahead-of-themselves and it is natural) and saying that his quick apology talked positively about him. In March,

384-456: A left-wing populist , social democratic , and an economic nationalist , López Obrador has been a national politician for over three decades. During his presidency , he has promoted public investment in sectors that had been liberalized under previous administrations and has implemented several progressive social reforms. Supporters have praised him for promoting institutional renewal after decades of high inequality and corruption and refocusing

480-449: A López Obrador victory would turn Mexico into "another Venezuela". In a speech, PRI president Enrique Ochoa Reza said that "if the people from MORENA like Venezuela so much, they should just go and live there". The PRI was believed to have hired Venezuelan right-wing political strategist JJ Rendón to work in their campaign, as he stated in January that he would do "everything within

576-632: A blockade of 12 kilometers of Paseo de la Reforma , one of the city's most important roads, which houses several hotels, corporate headquarters, and the Mexico City Stock Market . Business groups said the blockades cost Mexico City businesses in the area millions of pesos in losses. On 5 August, the TEPJF met in a public session to decide the outcome of the complaints the PRD and its coalition partners had filed. The seven magistrates voted unanimously to order

672-572: A consequence, he feared for the safety of his, and his family's lives. Additionally as of 2018, many of the politicians of the PRI political party who supported Peña Nieto during his presidential campaign would be later declared criminals by the Mexican government (some already elected, while others were campaigning concurrently with Peña Nieto, and would be elected), near the end of Peña Nieto's time as president. A total of 22 state ex-governors, all members from

768-679: A degree in political science and public administration after the presentation of his thesis, Proceso de formación del Estado Nacional en México 1821-1867 (Formation Process of the National State in Mexico 1821–1867). He lived in the Casa del Estudiante Tabasco during his college years on Violeta Street in the Guerrero neighborhood of Mexico City. The institution was financed by the administration of Tabasco governor Mario Trujillo García through efforts of

864-508: A gunshot to the head. According to Jorge Zepeda Patterson's  [ es ] Los Suspirantes 2018 , José Ramón found a pistol, played with it, and it slipped out of his hands, firing a bullet into his head. The Tabasco newspapers Rumbo Nuevo , Diario de Tabasco , and Diario Presente presented a story where they were both playing around with the pistol and that Andrés Manuel fired it by accident. According to Zepeda Patterson, Andrés Manuel became "taciturn, much more thoughtful" following

960-432: A joint venture with billionaire businessman Carlos Slim Helú , a native of downtown Mexico City, to expropriate , restore, rebuild, and gentrify large parts of the area, creating shopping and residential areas for middle- and upper-income residents. López Obrador used fiscal policy to encourage private sector investment in housing. He granted construction firms tax breaks and liberalized zoning regulations, leading to

1056-612: A lawyer, former deputy and wife of former president Felipe Calderón , had originally intended to run as the PAN nominee; however, on 6 October, she left the party and launched an independent bid. Explaining her decision, she said that the formation of Por México al Frente meant there would be no internal PAN selection, denying her a chance to be a candidate. Jaime Rodríguez Calderón , the independent governor of Nuevo León , also announced his candidacy, as did Senator Armando Ríos Piter . The National Indigenous Congress announced on 28 May 2017

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1152-633: A location in the Mexican state of Tabasco is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Andr%C3%A9s Manuel L%C3%B3pez Obrador [REDACTED] Andrés Manuel López Obrador ( Spanish: [anˈdɾes maˈnwel ˈlopes oβɾaˈðoɾ] ; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO , is a Mexican politician who served as the 65th president of Mexico from 2018 to 2024. He previously served as Head of Government of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005. Born in Tepetitán , in

1248-592: A manual recount of Sunday's extremely close vote." However, on 5 September 2006, the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) ruled that the election was fair and that Calderón was the winner and would become president. In contesting the election, López Obrador and his coalition made several arguments: (a) that President Fox, the Consejo Coordinador Empresarial (CCE), a business interest group, and other organizations had illegally interfered in

1344-686: A month than towards investigating Peña Nieto's Odebretch money and Meade's lost Secretariat of Social Development funds over the last six years. Santiago Nieto said the PGR and FEPADE were only attacking the rivals of the PRI, and the investigating organizations were not being neutral. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal , Santiago Nieto would later reveal that Peña Nieto's government tried to bribe him to keep him silent, which he refused saying, "Sorry, but I can't receive any money from Peña Nieto." He received menacing phone messages stating: "Death follows you" and "Words of advice: stay out of Trouble", and as

1440-534: A new President of Mexico to serve a six-year term, 128 members of the Senate for a period of six years and 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies for a period of three years. It was one of the largest election days in Mexican history, with most of the nation's states holding state and local elections on the same day, including nine governorships, with over 3,400 positions subject to elections at all levels of government. It

1536-512: A popular figure on the Mexican left. In 2004, his state immunity from prosecution was removed after he refused to cease construction on land allegedly expropriated by his predecessor, Rosario Robles . This legal process lasted a year, ending with López Obrador maintaining his right to run for office. López Obrador was nominated as the presidential candidate for the Coalition for the Good of All during

1632-423: A pun on the word PRI-etos (because morena is a synonym for prieto ). The expression was criticized, and Ochoa Reza quickly deleted the tweet as it was interpreted to be racist. Aristegui Noticias published that Ochoa Reza apologized, and also criticized the insensitive expression, additionally commenting that the part que ya no aprietan (who cannot hold) could also be interpreted as misogynistic due to being

1728-484: A recount of 11,839 ballot boxes in 155 districts (9.2% of the total) despite López Obrador's public demand for a total recount. The TEPJF based its decision for a partial recount on its finding that, despite publicly demanding a vote-by-vote general recount, López Obrador's party filed legal challenges for 71,000 polling stations (54%). Therefore, by law, the TEPJF found it could order a recount of only those 71,000 polling stations contested. The TEPJF ruled it could not order

1824-453: A recount of the votes not in controversy because "the certainty asked by the [López Obrador] Coalition is tied to the respect for the tallies certified by the citizens in the polling stations, not in controversy." 2018 Mexican general election Enrique Peña Nieto PRI Andrés Manuel López Obrador MORENA General elections were held in Mexico on 1 July 2018. Voters elected

1920-582: A single presidential candidate achieved majorities in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies . This election also represented the PRI's greatest electoral setback and the worst for a sitting Mexican administration since universal male suffrage was implemented in 1917. The country's president is elected by plurality in a single round of voting. The 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected to three-year terms by two methods; 300 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting , with

2016-450: A timely rescue effort. López Obrador's secretary of government, Alejandro Encinas , was criticized for declaring that the lynching should be understood as stemming from indigenous customary law ( usos y costumbres ). After a thorough investigation, López Obrador gave Ebrard a vote of confidence, despite a request from President Vicente Fox Quesada for him to be relieved of duty. Later, using his constitutional powers, Fox fired Ebrard. At

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2112-550: Is part of the Por México al Frente coalition, along with the PAN and the PRD) and performed by an indigenous child called Yuawi, became popular and Yuawi turned into a celebrity overnight. Drawing on its success, the pre-candidate for the Frente, Ricardo Anaya recorded a video in which he performed the song with Yuawi. PRI candidate José Antonio Meade was accused of plagiarism when it

2208-523: Is the St. Louis Cardinals . López Obrador was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2019 . On 24 January 2021, he announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19 . He joined the PRI in 1976 to support Carlos Pellicer 's campaign for a Senate seat for Tabasco. A year later, he headed the Indigenous People's Institute of Tabasco. In 1984, he relocated to Mexico City to work at

2304-673: Is the alliance of the center-right National Action Party (PAN) and the center-left Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and Citizens' Movement (which both nominated Andrés Manuel López Obrador in the elections of 2006 and 2012) formed in an effort to defeat both the ruling party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and the front-runner Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA). On 5 September,

2400-602: Is the coalition composed of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), the Labor Party (PT), and the Social Encounter Party (PES). On 12 December Andrés Manuel López Obrador registered as the presumptive nominee for MORENA and submitted his resignation as party president. This was López Obrador's third presidential bid; the previous two attempts were with the PRD . After the 2012 presidential election, López Obrador left

2496-586: The Juntos Haremos Historia alliance. This was the first time a candidate won an outright majority (according to official vote counts) since 1988 , and the first time that a candidate not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) or its predecessors has done so since the Mexican Revolution . Furthermore, it marked the first time that a coalition of political parties (excluding the PRI) supporting

2592-546: The 2006 elections , where he was narrowly defeated by the National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón . While the Federal Electoral Tribunal noted some irregularities, it denied López Obrador's request for a general recount, which sparked protests nationwide. In 2011, he founded Morena , a civil association and later political party. He was a candidate for the Progressive Movement coalition in

2688-563: The 2012 elections , won by the Commitment to Mexico coalition candidate Enrique Peña Nieto . In 2012, he left the PRD after protesting the party's signing of the Pact for Mexico and joined Morena. As part of the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition, López Obrador was elected president after a landslide victory in the 2018 general election . Described as being center-left , progressive ,

2784-655: The Attorney General 's Office asked Congress to strip López Obrador of his immunity under charges of a misdemeanor (ignoring a court order). The misdemeanor against López Obrador was his refusal to order the cessation of the construction of a private hospital on land expropriated by Rosario Robles (who preceded López Obrador as Head of Government of the Federal District under the Ernesto Zedillo government). Under federal law, any person with criminal charges during

2880-514: The Attorney General of the Republic (PGR) started an official investigation into money-laundering allegations against Ricardo Anaya. During the investigation, Santiago Nieto, the ex-chief of FEPADE (the prosecutor's office that focuses on electoral violations) was controversially removed from his job in October 2017, coincidentally right after starting an investigation regarding illicit campaign money from

2976-638: The Curitiba model, was built down Avenida Insurgentes , cutting through the city some 20 km from north to south. López Obrador's popularity diminished after the lynching of two federal law-enforcement officers performing an undercover investigation in Tláhuac in November 2004. The Mexico City Police rescued one agent, but the city's chief of police, Marcelo Ebrard , and federal Secretary of Public Safety , Ramón Martín Huerta , were both accused of not organizing

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3072-487: The Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) published its final tally, which had him down by a margin of 0.58%, or approximately 243,000 votes. López Obrador then initiated legal actions, claiming election irregularities in 54% of polling stations, and demanded a "vote by vote" recount in all polling stations. The Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) discussed the case and eventually dismissed it. The IFE called for

3168-567: The Hugo Chávez government. Some left-wing politicians and analysts criticized López Obrador for including in his close staff many former members of the PRI who fought against his party in the 1980s and 1990s, such as Arturo Núñez (one of the authors of Fobaproa contingency fund ), Manuel Camacho Solís and Marcelo Ebrard . The guerrilla leader of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), Subcomandante Marcos , said López Obrador

3264-446: The Pemex leader at the time, Lozoya, was legally stopped after a judge controversially ordered it days after. Santiago Nieto said that the PGR was being used by Peña Nieto's government to tamper with elections and benefit Meade by removing Anaya from the race, complaining that it was a politically motivated use of law-enforcement agencies, which had made more efforts to investigate Anaya in

3360-523: The Presidente Legitimo (Legitimate President), inaugurated him in a ceremony in the Zócalo and called for the creation of an alternative, parallel government. López Obrador announced his victory to his supporters on the night of the election, stating that exit polls declared he had won by 500,000 votes. He did not cite any polls at the time and later referenced Covarrubias and IMO. Several days later,

3456-455: The states and 32 elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation . In the three-member constituencies, two winning candidates shall be allocated to the party receiving the highest number of votes and one seat to the party receiving the second-highest number of votes. Members may hold office for up to two terms. Por México al Frente (English: "For Mexico to the Front")

3552-469: The 2012 presidential campaign that allegedly was received by Peña Nieto and by the future president of Pemex , Emilio Lozoya , from the Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht . The ex-chief of FEPADE said that the accusations against Anaya were minor in comparison to Odebretch and Peña Nieto scandal, adding also the same opinion about the money lost by Secretariat of Social Development , to corrupt governors from

3648-456: The CCE had interfered in the elections by campaigning for Felipe Calderón, which is against electoral laws. The TEPJF determined that it was unfeasible to accurately evaluate the influence this interference had on the election results but estimated the impact of Fox's interference as insignificant. Similarly, the tribunal stated that it could not gauge the importance of CCE's interference. Consequently,

3744-467: The Court ruled that both interferences could not be considered a sufficient judicial cause to annul the election. In response to fraud allegations, the Court stated there was insufficient evidence to annul the election. López Obrador and his coalition had alleged irregularities in many polling stations and requested a national recount. Ultimately, the TEPJF, in a unanimous vote, ordered a recount of about 9% of

3840-459: The Federal District, López Obrador became one of the country's most recognizable politicians. He left office with an 84% approval rating, according to an opinion poll by Consulta Mitofsky. According to an article by Reforma newspaper , he kept 80% of the promises he made as a candidate. In September 2005, the PRD nominated López Obrador as presidential pre-candidate for the 2006 general election . Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas declined to participate in

3936-506: The Mexican poet of the same name . During afternoons, he helped his parents at the La Posadita store. López Obrador began middle school in Macuspana but finished it in the state capital of Villahermosa , where his family moved in the mid-1960s and opened a clothes and shoe store called Novedades Andrés . On 8 June 1969, when he was 15 years old, his brother José Ramón López Obrador died from

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4032-461: The Mexico City government during his tenure as Head of Government of Mexico City . Together they have one son, Jesús Ernesto López Gutiérrez (born 2007). During his first presidential run, some news reports identified López Obrador as a Protestant ; in a television interview, he self-identified as Catholic . In March 2018, he declared, "When I am asked what religion I adhere to, I say that I am

4128-638: The National Consumers' Institute, a federal government agency. López Obrador resigned from his position with the government of Tabasco in 1988 to join the new dissenting left wing of the PRI, then called the Democratic Current, led by Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas . This movement formed the National Democratic Front and later became the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). In 1994, he ran for

4224-587: The Necessities of Each Person). Citizens on social media mocked the idea as absurd and impossible to develop, comparing it to writing letters to Santa Claus or just plainly asking for miracles. Meade has supported Peña Nieto's energy reforms, saying that "everyone wins with the gasolinazo ", and announcing that if he won he intended to continue it. López Obrador promised to end the gasolinazos by building two new fuel refineries, which would allow more petroleum to be processed into gasoline domestically, thus lowering

4320-566: The PAN on 6 October, after being a member for 33 years, and registered as an independent candidate six days later. She sought the presidency through an independent bid, but withdrew on 16 May 2018. Nominee Todos por México (English: "Everyone for Mexico") is the coalition composed of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), and the New Alliance Party (PANAL). On 9 August 2017,

4416-450: The PGR was being used to protect the allies of Peña Nieto and the PRI, and attack their rivals. López Obrador said that failure to take action against Duarte was one of the main reasons why Mexicans had lost their faith in the PRI, saying the few ex-governors that were declared criminals were only to a pretense of concern. After, Meade decided to change his strategy; and due to his poor reception, Ochoa Reza left his position as president of

4512-459: The PRD to found MORENA. This was MORENA's first presidential election. Joining MORENA in the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition was the left-wing Labor Party and the right-wing Social Encounter Party. Nominee For the first time in Mexico's modern democratic history, candidates were allowed to run for the presidency as independents. Several people announced their intention to contest the election as an independent candidate. Margarita Zavala ,

4608-439: The PRI held its convention of delegates, where Meade was formally selected as the party's presidential candidate; Meade is the PRI's first presidential candidate in its almost 90-year history not to be a member of the party. Due to the circumstances of Meade's candidacy, critics compared his selection to the PRI's historical practice of dedazo ("tap of the finger"), where presidents hand-picked their successor. The coalition

4704-494: The PRI on 2 May. On 16 May, Margarita Zavala suspended her presidential campaign. Santiago Nieto decided to join AMLO's campaign, with both promising to continue the investigation into the alleged scandal involving Peña Nieto, the PRI and Odebretch. Meanwhile, César Duarte disappeared before being incarcerated, and was subsequently declared a fugitive from justice by the PGR. More than 130 political figures were killed from when

4800-402: The PRI revised its requirements for presidential candidates, eliminating the requirement that candidates must have 10 years of party membership, and allowing non-party members to lead the party. This move benefited finance secretary José Antonio Meade Kuribreña , who is not a member of the PRI, as well as education secretary Aurelio Nuño Mayer , whose length of membership was questioned. Meade

4896-591: The PRI such as Javier Duarte , all while José Antonio Meade was the man in charge of the Secretariat of Social Development. The scandal is known as La Estafa Maestra (The Master Robbery), and about 435 million pesos were lost. The same week the PRI legislators were criticized for voting for stopping the investigation of Odebretch against the wishes of Mexican people and organizations campaigning against corruption such as Mexicanos contra la corrupción (Mexicans against corruption). The investigation about Odebretch against

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4992-406: The PRI's presidential candidate, hinted at the possibility of an alliance with López Obrador to prevent National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón from winning the election after both parties criticized president Vicente Fox for what they saw as illegal support by the federal government for Calderón. A PRD spokesperson said both parties entered an information-sharing agreement regarding

5088-458: The PRI, were accused of misuse of public funds and misdirection of money (with some money speculated to have been directed to the PRI); only five were sent to jail, with PGR receiving criticism for not investigating further. Among the most prominent criminals were: Tomás Yarrington from Tamaulipas (along his predecessor Eugenio Hernández Flores ), Javier Duarte from Veracruz , César Duarte Jáquez from Chihuahua (no family relation between

5184-499: The Spanish newspaper El País criticized López Obrador for what it characterized as "extreme" verbal insults toward Mexican government institutions and President Vicente Fox . On 6 July 2006, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) announced the final vote count in the 2006 presidential election , resulting in a narrow margin of 0.56 percentage points (243,934 votes) of victory for his opponent, Felipe Calderón . López Obrador appealed

5280-450: The addition of books in indigenous languages and the project of the Chontal ridge. In 1989, he joined the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), becoming the party's 1994 candidate for Governor of Tabasco and national leader between 1996 and 1999. In 2000, he was elected Head of Government of Mexico City. During his tenure, his crime, infrastructure, and social spending policies made him

5376-474: The campaign began in September 2017 until July 2018. López Obrador promised to end many of the benefits received by ex-presidents, particularly the lifelong pension they receive. He added that he would redirect the money saved to be used to help senior citizens. Zavala said she would also attempt to end the practice, though she had not decided how to use the money saved, while Meade and Anaya said they would keep

5472-453: The candidates to refrain from proclaiming themselves as the winner, president-elect, or president until the final resolution. Both candidates disobeyed this call. In an interview with U.S. Spanish-language TV network Univision , López Obrador referred to himself as "President of Mexico." López Obrador held several gatherings in downtown Mexico City, with hundreds of thousands attending. On 31 July, as an act of civil disobedience, he organized

5568-593: The construction of more condominiums and office buildings during his tenure than during any other period in Mexico City's history . New high-density condos emerged in the upscale neighborhoods of Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec . To improve traffic flow on the city's two main inner-city roads, Periférico and Viaducto, he added sections of second stories to the Anillo Periférico . He renovated about 10% of those roads. The Metrobús , an express bus service based on

5664-503: The country received phone calls originating in the city of Puebla , in which a recorded message warned them not to vote for López Obrador because he supposedly agreed to sell Mexico's oil to "the Russians". The MORENA representative in Puebla asked for an investigation into the phone calls. In March, telephone company Axtel traced the number that made the calls, revealing it was a number that

5760-451: The country's neoliberal consensus towards improving the state of the working class. Critics have claimed that he and his administration stumbled in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and attempts to deal with drug cartels . He left office in September 2024, succeeded by Claudia Sheinbaum , and retired from electoral politics. López Obrador was born in Tepetitán , a small village in

5856-490: The country. López Obrador promised that if he won the presidency, Mexico would follow "its own agenda". López Obrador called for a change in security strategy and offered the controversial proposal of giving amnesty for drug dealers as a way to combat the drug cartels. During a debate in April, Rodríguez Calderón said "We have to cut off the hands of those who rob (in public service). It's that simple." He later explained that it

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5952-441: The decision made by Congress was widely unpopular, appeared on national television in April 2005, stating that the issue would not be pursued further. The controversy closed on a technicality, and López Obrador, despite the removal of immunity, was not prosecuted and thus remained eligible to participate in the 2006 presidential election . Weeks later, Attorney General Rafael Macedo de la Concha resigned. As Head of Government of

6048-554: The election of María de Jesús Patricio Martínez as their spokeswoman and indigenous representative for the 2018 general election, aiming to obtain an independent candidacy. Only Zavala gathered enough signatures to appear on the ballot; however, on 10 April the Electoral Court accepted an appeal from Rodríguez and ordered the National Electoral Institute to register him as candidate. On 16 May Zavala announced she

6144-531: The electoral alliance was officially registered with the INE as Frente Ciudadano por México (Citizen Front for Mexico). On 8 December the coalition changed its name to Por México al Frente (Mexico to the Front). The next day, Ricardo Anaya Cortés , president of the PAN, resigned from his position and expressed his intent to be the alliance's candidate. The former first lady Margarita Zavala submitted her resignation from

6240-398: The electoral process would not be eligible to run in a presidential election. A legal process begun in 2004 would likely have continued during the presidential campaigns of 2006, ending López Obrador's presidential run. Although his political opponents argued he should be subject to the same judicial process as anyone else, newspaper editorials throughout the world charged that the desafuero

6336-479: The first new university in Mexico City in three decades, the Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México . López Obrador hired former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani to craft a zero-tolerance policy that would help reduce crime in Mexico City. He directed the restoration and modernization of Mexico City's historic downtown , which has 16th- and 17th-century buildings and many tourist spaces. He led

6432-473: The government of Puebla (whose governor is from the PAN) controlled. Puebla's government denied the accusations. Also in January, López Obrador uploaded a video via social media asking president Peña Nieto and PRI president Ochoa Reza to "calm down", and advised them to take some " López Obradordipine ". A jingle entitled Movimiento Naranja , which was recorded for the political party Movimiento Ciudadano (which

6528-451: The governorship of Tabasco but lost to PRI candidate Roberto Madrazo . López Obrador gained national exposure as an advocate for the rights of indigenous people when, in 1996, he appeared on national TV drenched in blood following confrontations with police for blocking Pemex oil wells to defend the rights of local indigenous people impacted by pollution. He was president of the PRD from 2 August 1996 to 10 April 1999. On 2 July 2000, he

6624-551: The incident. López Obrador finished high school and, at age 19, went to Mexico City to study at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He studied political science and public administration at the UNAM from 1973 to 1976. He returned to school to complete his education after having held several positions within the government of Tabasco and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In 1987, he received

6720-608: The internal elections when polls showed López Obrador as the clear favorite. Until March 2006, polls showed him as the presidential frontrunner; however, his numbers had declined by late April. An article published by La Crónica de Hoy in March 2006 said that Mexican Bolivarian Circles and students, allegedly assisted by Venezuelan agents, distributed " Bolivarian propaganda in favor of Andrés Manuel López Obrador" throughout cities in Mexico and that such groups were given "economic support, logistics advice and ideological instruction" from

6816-583: The issue. This, combined with calls from high-ranking PRI member Manuel Bartlett (former Secretary of the Interior during the 1988 presidential election fraud) to vote for López Obrador, aroused media speculation that the PRI and the PRD would ally. On 28 May, after López Obrador discounted any such alliance because the PRI and PRD political tendencies could not be reconciled, Roberto Madrazo indicated that his comments were misunderstood and that he would not step down or endorse any other candidate. In 2006,

6912-436: The law to prevent López Obrador from becoming President"; Rendón had previously worked for the PRI during Peña Nieto's 2012 presidential campaign. In January, former president Felipe Calderón shared a video on via social media, in which a Venezuelan citizen living in Mexico warned voters not to vote for López Obrador, as he would put Mexico in the "path to ruin" like Chavismo had done in her country. It later surfaced that

7008-411: The legislature elected in this election will be the first allowed to run for reelection in subsequent elections. The National Electoral Institute (INE) officially declared the new process underway on 8 September 2017. The presidential election was won, by a landslide margin of almost 31 points, by Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), running as the candidate of

7104-475: The money was lost while he was in charge of the Secretariat of Social Development, the government ministry that supervises the resources received by each state. Despite the overwhelming evidence against César Duarte, in March 2018 the PGR found him innocent of any crime. The successor governor Javier Corral from the PAN, who previously fought against the Televisa law , gave a similar opinion to Santiago Nieto, saying

7200-504: The municipality of Macuspana , in the south-eastern state of Tabasco , López Obrador earned a degree in political science from the National Autonomous University of Mexico following a hiatus from his studies to participate in politics. He began his political career in 1976 as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). His first public position was as director of the Indigenous Institute of Tabasco, where he promoted

7296-425: The municipality of Macuspana , in the southern state of Tabasco , on 13 November 1953. He is the firstborn son of Andrés López Ramón (son of Lorenzo López and Beatriz Ramón) and Manuela Obrador González, Tabasco and Veracruz -based merchants. His younger siblings include José Ramón, José Ramiro, Pedro Arturo, Pío Lorenzo, and twins Candelaria Beatriz and Martín Jesús. His maternal grandfather José Obrador Revuelta

7392-568: The poet Carlos Pellicer , with whom López Obrador began discussing. There was empathy between the two because the young man raised his concern for the Chontal Maya . After the meeting, the poet invited him to his senate campaign during the 1976 elections . His university professor, Enrique González Pedrero , was another figure that influenced López Obrador's political trajectory. After attending school from 1973 to 1976, he returned to his native Tabasco, where he held various government positions and

7488-413: The polling stations. The Supreme Court later ruled that the evidence presented did not demonstrate the occurrence of sufficient irregularities to change the election outcome. In response to this result, in a move reminiscent of Francisco I. Madero declaring himself provisional President of Mexico after calling the 1910 elections against Porfirio Díaz fraudulent, López Obrador's followers proclaimed him

7584-467: The practice going. Anaya promised to implement a basic income for Mexican citizens, Anaya said Nobel prize -winning economist Milton Friedman supported the idea. While well received, El Economista criticized how Anaya announced it, and called the idea populist . Meade proposed to create an office that would track the unique needs of each individual citizen, in what he would call Registro Único de Necesidades de Cada Persona (Unique Register of

7680-470: The presidential campaign, which is strictly prohibited by electoral law, thereby providing grounds for election annulment; that (b) that votes were fraudulently tallied on 2 July and afterward; and that (c) there was widespread and significant evidence of electoral irregularities, ranging from stuffed ballot boxes and inconsistent tally reports to improper and illegal handling of the ballot trail and voter intimidation. The Court did find that President Fox and

7776-625: The price by not outsourcing the refining to other countries. Anaya promised to investigate and do everything to make sure President Peña Nieto is sent to jail for his aforementioned multiple presidential scandals, with López Obrador agreeing and suggesting to up the ante by also investigating every living former president. On 26 January, López Obrador accused the International Monetary Fund of being an accomplice to corruption in Mexican politics and claimed that its policies are in part responsible for poverty, unemployment, and violence in

7872-516: The remaining 200 elected from five regional constituencies by proportional representation , with seats allocated using the simple quotient and largest remainder method . No party is allowed to hold more than 300 seats. Members may hold office for up to four consecutive terms. The 128 members of the Senate are elected to six-year terms, concurrent with the president, and also elected by two methods, with 96 elected in 32 three-member constituencies based on

7968-427: The results, claiming widespread irregularities, and demanded an election recount. (A generalized recount is only to be carried in extreme circumstances, according to Mexican Electoral Tribunal Jurisprudence S3ELJ14-2004. ) On 8 July 2006, López Obrador called for nationwide protests to ask for a national recount, stating "the government would be responsible for any flare-up of anger after officials rejected his demand for

8064-580: The same time, Martín Huerta, a member of Fox's cabinet, received a reprimand and continued to hold office as Secretary of Public Safety until he died in a helicopter accident. López Obrador later appointed Ebrard as Secretary of Social Development and supported his candidacy in the PRD primaries to run for office as Head of Government of the Federal District in 2006 . Elected government officials in Mexico have an official immunity called fuero that prevents criminal charges from being brought against them, which can be removed through desafuero . In 2004,

8160-423: The two Duartes), and Roberto Borge from Quintana Roo , along their unknown multiple allies who enabled their corruption. Although Peña Nieto was not found to be their ally, by being part of the same political party, there were severely negative consequences to Peña Nieto's image as president, as well as of the PRI. Also, while not a member of the PRI at the time, Meade's image also received damage, because much of

8256-421: The woman, whose name is Carmen Martilez, is an actress who previously had uploaded a video in which she asked for street vendors to be "exterminated". That same month, the PRI began to claim that López Obrador's campaign was supported by "Venezuelan and Russian interests". López Obrador dismissed the accusations and later joked about them, calling himself "Andrés Manuelovich". Later in January, citizens across

8352-530: Was a Cantabrian who arrived as an exile in Mexico from Ampuero , Spain , while his maternal grandmother Úrsula González was the daughter of Asturians . Through his paternal grandparents, López Obrador is also of Indigenous and African descent. López Obrador attended the only elementary school in town, the Marcos E. Becerra school, managed by the Seventh-day Adventist Church and named after

8448-454: Was a false left-wing candidate, arguing that he was a centrist candidate. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas did not participate in campaign events but stated that he would still vote for his party, the PRD. López Obrador's proposals, including his 50 commitments , produced mixed opinions from analysts. The Washington Post wrote that López Obrador used U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as inspiration for his proposals. On 19 May, Roberto Madrazo ,

8544-680: Was a professor at the Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco . During his early career, he met Rocío Beltrán Medina, a sociology student, who suggested López Obrador embrace the progressive wing of the PRI. They eventually married on 8 April 1978. They had three sons: José Ramón López Beltrán (born 1981), Andrés Manuel López Beltrán (born 1986), and Gonzalo Alfonso López Beltrán (born 1991). Beltrán Medina died on 12 January 2003 due to respiratory arrest caused by lupus , which she had suffered for several years. On 16 October 2006, he married Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller , who had worked in

8640-485: Was considered the favorite, because while the PRI was dogged by scandal and controversy, Meade was personally unaffected. On 27 November, Meade resigned from cabinet and announced his intention to be the PRI's candidate in the upcoming election. He quickly received the support of President Peña Nieto and PRI-linked institutions such as the CTM union. With no challengers, Meade became the presumptive nominee. On 18 February 2018,

8736-502: Was elected Head of Government of the Federal District , a position akin to that of city mayor for the national capital district , with 38.3% of the vote. As mayor, López Obrador implemented various social programs that included extending financial assistance to help vulnerable groups in Mexico City, including single mothers, senior citizens, and the physically and mentally challenged. He invested in housing and schools, created old-age pensions, and expanded services. He also helped found

8832-516: Was initially named Meade Ciudadano por México (English: Citizen Meade for Mexico), until the INE deemed it unconstitutional to include a candidate's name within the coalition's name, on the grounds that the presidential candidate would receive advertising from every piece of campaign advertising of the coalition used for local candidates. The coalition subsequently changed its name to Todos por México (Everyone for Mexico). Nominee Juntos Haremos Historia (English: "Together We Will Make History")

8928-555: Was noted that one of his ads, in which he criticized a "populist" speech on TV, was identical to an ad that was used by Justin Trudeau when he became leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 2013. Later in February, the PRI's Enrique Ochoa Reza tweeted that PRI politicians who defected to MORENA as Prietos que no aprietan (Dark-skinned people who can't get a hold) while trying to make

9024-418: Was politically motivated (including The New York Times and The Washington Post ), that it undermined Mexican democracy, and that López Obrador's exclusion from the upcoming elections would delegitimize the eventual winner. After Congress voted to remove López Obrador's immunity, he asked for leave from his post for a few days. President Vicente Fox , wanting to avoid a political crisis and knowing that

9120-400: Was the most violent campaign Mexico has experienced in recent history, with 130 political figures killed since September 2017. The incumbent president Enrique Peña Nieto was not constitutionally eligible for a second term. Incumbent members of the legislature were term-limited, thus all members of Congress were newly elected. As a consequence of the political reform of 2014, the members of

9216-407: Was withdrawing her candidacy. As in the 2006 and 2012 federal elections, the 2018 campaign featured numerous accusations and attack advertisements directed at the leftist frontrunner candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador , who contested the elections with the support of his party MORENA . A campaign described as " Red Scare -like" was used by the PRI and PAN candidates to convince voters that

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