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44-548: Not much is known about the life of de Vries. He was probably born in Harlingen, Netherlands , in 1589 and spent many years in Taiwan . He is best remembered for his 1643 expedition to the north-western Pacific Ocean to discover the coast of Tartaria , on account of Anthony van Diemen , the governor in Batavia . This was the second expedition to look for legendary gold and silver islands in

88-558: A towpath along the Harlingertrekvaart. This allowed for reliable and frequent transport to the town's hinterland . In the 18th century, there was a daily connection by boat from Harlingen to Amsterdam and vice versa. Harlingen's port remained significant in the 19th century. Already in the 1820s, the Amsterdamsche Stoomboot Maatschappij made a stop at Harlingen part of her Amsterdam-Hamburg line. While this

132-435: A GDP equivalent to that of Iran, the 26th largest country in the world, it is the fourth largest economic zone after the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo , Osaka , and Nagoya . Kyūshū's economy has a well-balanced industrial structure, ranging from primary industries such as agriculture, to secondary industries such as manufacturing, and tertiary industries such as retail, services, and tourism. Agricultural output in

176-519: A result, bakufu officials were extremely anxious about the problem of coastal defenses. However, after it was understood that the crew were Dutch merchants and not Catholics, the problem to be solved became one of deciding by which procedure the Dutch should be released. After Jan van Elserac had arrived, the shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu sent them in December to Deshima . The crew had to wait nine months for

220-769: A special place in the Christian history of Frisia. In 1597 a third expansion followed. It led to the demolition of the old city walls, except for two round towers on the water front. A more modern system of earthen fortifications replaced it. It had five bastions on the east side and the ability to inundate most of the surrounding countryside. In 1645, the Admiralty of Friesland was moved to Harlingen. It had previously been established in Dokkum in 1597. This admiralty had ten councilors: four from Friesland; one each from Gelderland, Utrecht, Holland, and Overijssel; and two from Groningen. In 1770

264-450: A storm, while off Hachijo Shima , an island some 290 km south of Edo , which, due to this setback, was christened Ongeluckich , or "Unlucky", Island by the Dutch. The Breskens arrived in a promising bay and was received in a friendly manner by the population of Yamada on Tohoku , Japan . Six weeks later the Breskens again sailed to Yamada, probably while they had a good time. In

308-594: Is described as a stronghold of the Liberal Democratic Party . Per Japanese census data, the Kyūshū region's population with Ryukyu Islands ( Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures) has experienced a large population decline since around 2000. However, the population decline in total is mild because of the relatively high birth rate of Ryukyuans both within the Ryukyuan lands ( Okinawa and Kagoshima ) and throughout

352-621: Is in operation since September 2022. Kyūshū is also known for its scenic train services, such as the Limited Express Yufuin no Mori and Limited Express Kawasemi Yamasemi. The Kanmon Bridge and Kanmon Roadway Tunnel also connect the island with Honshu, allowing for vehicular transport between the two. The Kyūshū Expressway spans the length of the island, linking the Higashikyushu Expressway and Ibusuki Skyline, connecting major cities such as Fukuoka and Kumamoto along

396-466: Is named after this city because many of the original settlers of the Texas town came from Harlingen. Kyushu Kyūshū ( 九州 , Kyūshū , pronounced [kʲɯꜜːɕɯː] , lit. 'Nine Provinces ') is the third-largest island of Japan 's four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa and the other Ryukyu ( Nansei ) Islands ). In

440-554: Is separated from Honshu by the Kanmon Straits . Being the nearest island to the Asian continent , historically it is the gateway to Japan. The total area is 36,782.37 km (14,201.75 sq mi) which makes it the 37th largest island in the world. It's slightly larger than Taiwan island 35,808 km (13,826 sq mi). The highest elevation is 1791 meters (5876 feet) on Mount Kujū . The name Kyūshū comes from

484-642: Is widely produced. Besides the volcanic area of the south, there are significant mud hot springs in the northern part of the island, around Beppu . The springs are the site of occurrence of certain extremophile microorganisms , which are capable of surviving in extremely hot environments. There are two World Natural Heritage sites in Kyushu: Yakushima (registered in 1993) and Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (registered in 2021). Kyūshū's economy accounts for about 10% of Japan's total, and with

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528-687: The Ainu , and which they named "Company Island" and claimed for the Netherlands. The Castricum passed between the islands of Iturup and Urup, the strait between the islands being later named Vries Strait after its discoverer, and entered the Sea of Okhotsk . The Dutch sailed north, without encountering any land, until being driven south-west toward the northern shores of Hokkaido . Then they sailed north again, visiting Cape Aniwa (the southeastern tip of Sakhalin Island ),

572-754: The Gulf of Patience (where they indeed had to be patient, waiting for the fog to clear), and Cape Patience east of it. At these places they met and communicated through sign language with the indigenous Ainu people of the island. After another excursion, now east into the Pacific, the Castricum returned to Japanese waters and managed to meet with the Breskens off Kyushu . The two ships sailed to Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan) and returned to Batavia in mid-December 1643. Sometime in late 1647, Maarten Gerritsz Vries died on board from disease after leading an unsuccessful attempt to invade

616-718: The Pacific , which nobody had discovered, after a failed expedition in 1639 under command of Matthijs Quast . The two ships, the Castricum under De Vries and the Breskens under Hendrick Cornelisz Schaep left Batavia , the capital of Dutch Java , in February 1643. After a stop in Ternate in the Moluccas they continued their journey on April 4. On May 20 the two ships lost touch with each other in

660-537: The Wadden islands of Vlieland and Terschelling that depart from Harlingen. Harlingen is a town with a long history of fishing and shipping. Historically, it was a two hour walk west from Franeker . It supposedly received city rights before it was walled. In 1462 most of the settlement was lost to a fire. Harlingen was involved in the Vetkopers and Schieringers wars. In 1496 the inhabitants of Franeker, which supported

704-521: The early modern period was the first expansion of the fortified town in 1543. During the opening phases of the Eighty Years' War (1566–1648) a lot of religious fugitives settled in Harlingen. Many of these were Mennonites , a baptist branch of Protestantism . In 1579 and 1580 this led to a second major expansion of the town, which brought the village of Almenum into the city perimeter. Almenum holds

748-482: The 8th-century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region. The island is mountainous, and Japan's most active volcano, Mount Aso at 1,591 metres (5,220 ft), is on Kyūshū. There are many other signs of tectonic activity, including numerous areas of hot springs . The most famous of these are in Beppu , on the east shore, and around Mt. Aso in central Kyūshū. The island

792-489: The Dutch Republic. As regards industry, the inhabitants made sails, bombazine , Velours d'Utrecht, yarn , etc. Near the city a lot of salt was made. There were several works for roof tiles and for saucers and dishes. Harlingen also had some lime kilns . These early industrial enterprises relied on the fact that peat could cheaply be transported over water to Harlingen. Fishing was another steady means of existence for

836-449: The Kyūshū region. In addition, the other prefectures in Kyūshū also have exceptionally high TFRs compared to the rest of Japan. The Ryukyuans are an indigenous minority group in Japan. Parts of Kyūshū have a subtropical climate , particularly Miyazaki Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture . Major agricultural products are rice , tea , tobacco , sweet potatoes , and soy ; also, silk

880-596: The Philippines. Harlingen, Netherlands Harlingen ( Dutch: [ˈɦɑrlɪŋə(n)] ; West Frisian : Harns [hãːs] ) is a municipality and a city in the northern Netherlands , in the province of Friesland . Harlingen is located on a tip of the Friesland coast that sticks out a bit into the Wadden Sea . Harlingen's location is adjacent to some natural navigable routes through

924-542: The Schieringer party, conquered the lightly fortified city by surprise. Those of Groningen supported Harlingen and the Vetkopers, and had previously built a strong castle near the sea, but due the surprise it was lost. In 1498 Albert III, Duke of Saxony landed in Harlingen to support the Schieringer party and founded a new castle at the same place, which started the fortification of Harlingen. The first significant event of

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968-454: The Wadden Sea and the large fleet of historical shallow draught sailing vessels that operate out of Harlingen, this makes the town a center for tourism in Friesland. The municipality works to improve the connection between these attractions so the tourism can grow to its full potential. Harlingen is served by two stations on the railway line from Leeuwarden . Rederij Doeksen operate ferries to

1012-507: The Wadden Sea with two dams. It meant that Harlingen was a port . However most of the heavily loaded ships had to transload on the roadstead or harbor before the town, before they could enter the Buitenhaven. The third reason for the maritime activity in Harlingen was that the whole of Westergoa discharged its water on the Wadden Sea via two locks that exited in the Nieuwe- and Oude Haven. This

1056-420: The Wadden Sea. This makes that the town still has a maritime character. However, the location on the Wadden Sea has always put limits on traffic to Harlingen. Even though the largest sailing ships can now reach Harlingen, this was not the case historically. The center of Harlingen has many monumental buildings. As a whole, the center is a protected view (beschermd stadsgezicht). In combination with its location on

1100-589: The admiralty building on the Nieuwe Haven burned down together with a number of adjacent warehouses. These had not been rebuilt by 1791. After the reformation, the Dutch Protestant Church had two churches; the church called the "Dome of Harlingen" in Almenum, and the smaller Wester Kerk. The many Menonites, had two ministers . The Lutherans had their own church. The Catholics had a clandestine church , which

1144-422: The entire Kyūshū region through the creation of innovation in industry and the promotion of new entrepreneurship and start-ups. Kyūshū is a region with strong economic ties to Asia. For example, Asia accounted for 420 (77.9%) of the 539 overseas expansion cases of Kyūshū-Yamaguchi companies from 2010 to 2019, and Asia accounted for 61.1% of Kyūshū-Yamaguchi's total exports in 2019, 7.4 percentage points higher than

1188-555: The evening they organized a party with a samurai and most probably some Japanese women. (It is not known what exactly happened, because the diary got lost in 1692, after Nicolaes Witsen received it.) The next day, July 29, ten members of the crew, including the captain were invited by the women to come to a farm where they would receive fresh vegetables and fish. The unarmed crew was offered sake and rice, but captured, and sent to Morioka and Edo for interrogation . The Japanese feared Portuguese / Spanish Jesuits had come to land. As

1232-524: The harbor of Harlingen. Later on Harlingen got a connection to a local light rail train service. From 1904 to 1935 there was a passenger service on the North Friesland Railway , freight being carried until January 1938. The famous Dutch writer Simon Vestdijk was born in Harlingen and used to depict his hometown in his writings as Lahringen. The town of Harlingen, Texas , in the United States

1276-452: The late 1890s, the GSNC ships on this line got cooling facilities. This allowed the export of the famous Frisian dairy products, especially butter with even less damage during transport. The Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway was constructed between 1863 and 1868, before either Leeuwarden station or Groningen station got a connection to the south. This might have been related to the importance of

1320-408: The nation as a whole. As the logistics node between Japan and Asia, the ports of Hakata and Kitakyushu handle a large number of international containers. In addition, the number of cruise ship calls in 2019 was 772, with Kyūshū accounting for 26.9% of the nation's total. Kyūshū is noted for various types of porcelain , including Arita, Imari, Satsuma, and Karatsu. Heavy industry is concentrated in

1364-544: The newer Shin-Kanmon Tunnel carrying the San'yō Shinkansen . Railways on the island are operated by the Kyūshū Railway Company and West Japan Railway Company , as well as a variety of smaller companies such as Amagi Railway and Nishitetsu Railway . Kyūshū Shinkansen trains operate between major cities on the island, such as Fukuoka and Kagoshima , with an additional route between Takeo-Onsen and Nagasaki which

Maarten Gerritszoon Vries - Misplaced Pages Continue

1408-476: The next ship to Taiwan while the Breskens had left Honshu already at the end of July (without a captain) searching for the gold and silver Islands. In the summer of 1643, the Castricum sailed by the southern Kuril Islands , visiting Kunashir , Iturup (which they named "Staten Island", although nowadays this name is only used to refer to Staten Island , in New York City ), and Urup , where they met with

1452-413: The nine ancient provinces of Saikaidō situated on the island: Chikuzen , Chikugo , Hizen , Higo , Buzen , Bungo , Hyūga , Osumi , and Satsuma . Today's Kyūshū Region ( 九州地方 , Kyūshū-chihō ) is a politically defined region that consists of the seven prefectures on the island of Kyūshū (which also includes the former Tsushima and Iki as part of Nagasaki), plus Okinawa Prefecture to

1496-623: The north around Fukuoka, Kitakyushu, Nagasaki, and Oita and includes chemicals, automobiles, semiconductors, metal processing, shipbuilding, etc. The island of Tanegashima hosts the Tanegashima Space Center , which is the largest rocket-launch complex in Japan. Kyūshū is linked to the larger island of Honshu by the Kanmon Railway Tunnel , which carries the non- Shinkansen trains of the Kyūshū Railway Company , and

1540-491: The past, it has been known as Kyūkoku ( 九国 , "Nine Countries") , Chinzei ( 鎮西 , "West of the Pacified Area") and Tsukushi-no-shima ( 筑紫島 , "Island of Tsukushi") . The historical regional name Saikaidō ( 西海道 , lit. West Sea Circuit ) referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands. Kyushu has a land area of 36,782 square kilometres (14,202 sq mi) and a population of 14,311,224 in 2018. In

1584-458: The population. All this trade and industry had multiple causes. The first consisted of the natural navigable trenches in the Wadden Sea that connected to Harlingen. The second were the harbor works, which were greatly improved with the third city expansion in 1597. At that time, the Nieuwe Haven and the Oude Buitenhaven were created, both within the city limits. The Buitenhaven stuck out into

1628-576: The region amounts to 1.8 trillion yen (20% share of the national total), and the region is a major domestic production center for the automobile and semiconductor industries. Kyūshū also has a thriving healthcare industry, including medical and nursing care, and numerous research and manufacturing facilities in the fields of hydrogen , solar power , and other renewable energies. Furthermore, Fukuoka City , Kitakyushu City and Okinawa Prefecture have been designated as National Strategic Special Zones , which are expected to have an economic ripple effect on

1672-419: The south: Kyūshū has 10.3   percent of the population of Japan. Most of Kyūshū's population is concentrated along the northwest, in the cities of Fukuoka and Kitakyushu , with population corridors stretching southwest into Sasebo and Nagasaki and south into Kumamoto and Kagoshima . Except for Oita and Miyazaki , the eastern seaboard shows a general decline in population . Politically, Kyūshū

1716-899: The way. There are also many quiet country roads, including popular tourist routes such as the Nichinan coast road and the Aso Panorama Line in Kumamoto Prefecture . Bus services are available and cover 2,400 routes within Kyūshū's cities, connecting many other destinations. Several passenger and car ferry services connect both northern and southern Kyūshū with main port cities on the main island of Honshu (Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo) and Shikoku . Major universities and colleges in Kyūshū: World Heritage Sites in Kyūshū Historically some Kyushu-based sports team has competed in

1760-599: Was heavily dependend on trade. From the Baltic, it merchants brought cereals , timber , flax , hemp , pitch , tar , and other shipping necessities. Harlingen also imported a lot of wine. All these goods were forwarded through the whole province as well as to Groningen province . The imports also led to the foundation of multiple wind powered sawmills in the vicinity. Harlingen exported: butter , cheese , peas , beans , horses, cattle , and sheep. The animals were embarked at Harlingen and shipped to Holland and even outside of

1804-519: Was later omitted, Harlingen would retain a steam powered line to Amsterdam. Steam powered ships opened some new opportunities, especially for the export of agricultural products to England. By 1846 this was very important for the Frisian economy and led to severe competition between the shipping lines. After some time, the St. Petersburg Steamship Company came to dominate the export to London. The export of life cattle

Maarten Gerritszoon Vries - Misplaced Pages Continue

1848-587: Was legal, but had to remain discreet. The town hall was on the southern side of the Oude Haven. Behind it was the Weigh house and nearby the Korenbeurs a building where the grain trade took place. The town had a Latin school with three teachers. There was an orphanage or shelter for the children of the poor. In the later 18th century, Harlingen was the second city of Friesland with about 7,500 inhabitants. The city

1892-567: Was much easier with steam boats and became important because cattle had to be slaughtered near the place of consumpton. By 1870 the General Steam Navigation Company (GSNC) also had a regular cattle line between London and Harlingen. In April 1876 GSNC acquired the boats of the Petersburg Steamship Company and thus elimated this competitor. In 1896 the route to Harlingen was one of GSNC's most profitable lines. In

1936-473: Was somewhat of a guarantee that the trenches in the Wadden Sea would remain in place. It also allowed the city to control the water level in the canals of Westergo. The most important of these was the Harlingertrekvaart from Harlingen to Franeker and then to Leeuwarden, most of which would later become part of the van Harinxmakanaal . In the 1640s, the municipalities of Harlingen and Leeuwarden constructed

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