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50-462: The rotating exhibition schedule allows for frequent new shows to be on view. The museum's curatorial focus is a global focus on emerging to mid-career artists. Exhibitions consist largely of contemporary artists, including those achieving their Master of Fine Arts degree at Michigan State University, as well as shows of selected works from the collection. The MSU Broad organizes a few hundred programs for various ages, open to all at no charge. Admission to

100-537: A pitch accent . In Modern Greek, all vowels and consonants are short. Many vowels and diphthongs once pronounced distinctly are pronounced as /i/ ( iotacism ). Some of the stops and glides in diphthongs have become fricatives , and the pitch accent has changed to a stress accent . Many of the changes took place in the Koine Greek period. The writing system of Modern Greek, however, does not reflect all pronunciation changes. The examples below represent Attic Greek in

150-472: A lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common Proto-Indo-European language and the Classical period. They have the same general outline but differ in some of the detail. The only attested dialect from this period is Mycenaean Greek , but its relationship to the historical dialects and

200-419: A lesser degree. Pamphylian Greek , spoken in a small area on the southwestern coast of Anatolia and little preserved in inscriptions, may be either a fifth major dialect group, or it is Mycenaean Greek overlaid by Doric, with a non-Greek native influence. Regarding the speech of the ancient Macedonians diverse theories have been put forward, but the epigraphic activity and the archaeological discoveries in

250-543: A prefix /e-/, called the augment . This was probably originally a separate word, meaning something like "then", added because tenses in PIE had primarily aspectual meaning. The augment is added to the indicative of the aorist, imperfect, and pluperfect, but not to any of the other forms of the aorist (no other forms of the imperfect and pluperfect exist). The two kinds of augment in Greek are syllabic and quantitative. The syllabic augment

300-671: A separate historical stage, though its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek , and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek , and Koine may be classified as Ancient Greek in a wider sense. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek; Attic Greek developed into Koine. Ancient Greek was a pluricentric language , divided into many dialects. The main dialect groups are Attic and Ionic , Aeolic , Arcadocypriot , and Doric , many of them with several subdivisions. Some dialects are found in standardized literary forms in literature , while others are attested only in inscriptions. There are also several historical forms. Homeric Greek

350-609: A standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance . This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period ( c.  300 BC ), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek , which is regarded as

400-510: A vowel or /n s r/ ; final stops were lost, as in γάλα "milk", compared with γάλακτος "of milk" (genitive). Ancient Greek of the classical period also differed in both the inventory and distribution of original PIE phonemes due to numerous sound changes, notably the following: The pronunciation of Ancient Greek was very different from that of Modern Greek . Ancient Greek had long and short vowels ; many diphthongs ; double and single consonants; voiced, voiceless, and aspirated stops ; and

450-525: A wide array of artistic production from the ancient to the present, across the world, in a variety of media. Significant holdings include Ancient Greek and Roman antiquities; pre-Columbian sculptures and vessels; Medieval and Renaissance illuminations; Old Master paintings; 19th-century American paintings; 20th-century sculpture by artists such as Alexander Calder and Jenny Holzer ; and works by contemporary artists such as Chuck Close and Ann Hamilton . Their focus in collection growth and new acquisitions

500-556: Is a literary form of Archaic Greek (derived primarily from Ionic and Aeolic) used in the epic poems , the Iliad and the Odyssey , and in later poems by other authors. Homeric Greek had significant differences in grammar and pronunciation from Classical Attic and other Classical-era dialects. The origins, early form and development of the Hellenic language family are not well understood because of

550-418: Is added to stems beginning with consonants, and simply prefixes e (stems beginning with r , however, add er ). The quantitative augment is added to stems beginning with vowels, and involves lengthening the vowel: Some verbs augment irregularly; the most common variation is e → ei . The irregularity can be explained diachronically by the loss of s between vowels, or that of the letter w , which affected

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600-644: Is called 'East Greek'. Arcadocypriot apparently descended more closely from the Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age. Boeotian Greek had come under a strong Northwest Greek influence, and can in some respects be considered a transitional dialect, as exemplified in the poems of the Boeotian poet Pindar who wrote in Doric with a small Aeolic admixture. Thessalian likewise had come under Northwest Greek influence, though to

650-525: Is centered around the floating staircase with the galleries branching out from it. The second-level spaces provide dramatic views of both campus and downtown East Lansing. It is adjoined by an outdoor sculpture garden as an extension of the east entrance courtyard and by a pedestrian plaza at the west entrance. Other spaces include administration offices and a gift shop. The Broad's design is largely community-focused. The internal galleries and public spaces are positioned to create an intentional exchange between

700-448: Is considered by some linguists to have been closely related to Greek . Among Indo-European branches with living descendants, Greek is often argued to have the closest genetic ties with Armenian (see also Graeco-Armenian ) and Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan ). Ancient Greek differs from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways. In phonotactics , ancient Greek words could end only in

750-613: Is on modern and contemporary works (post-1945). The MSU Broad Art Museum was a location for filming portions of the movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in October 2014. Designed by architect Zaha Hadid , the Broad Art Museum's iconic design is constructed of steel and concrete with a pleated stainless steel and glass exterior. The structural system combines steel framing, concrete shear, and bearing walls. The floors are structural concrete, finished as polished concrete and wood in

800-544: The Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000 . The Fortune 500, created by Edgar P. Smith, was first published in 1955. The original top ten companies were General Motors , Jersey Standard , U.S. Steel , General Electric , Esmark , Chrysler , Armour , Gulf Oil , Mobil , and DuPont . The original Fortune 500

850-745: The Greek region of Macedonia during the last decades has brought to light documents, among which the first texts written in Macedonian , such as the Pella curse tablet , as Hatzopoulos and other scholars note. Based on the conclusions drawn by several studies and findings such as Pella curse tablet , Emilio Crespo and other scholars suggest that ancient Macedonian was a Northwest Doric dialect , which shares isoglosses with its neighboring Thessalian dialects spoken in northeastern Thessaly . Some have also suggested an Aeolic Greek classification. The Lesbian dialect

900-501: The present , future , and imperfect are imperfective in aspect; the aorist , present perfect , pluperfect and future perfect are perfective in aspect. Most tenses display all four moods and three voices, although there is no future subjunctive or imperative. Also, there is no imperfect subjunctive, optative or imperative. The infinitives and participles correspond to the finite combinations of tense, aspect, and voice. The indicative of past tenses adds (conceptually, at least)

950-1031: The 5th century BC. Ancient pronunciation cannot be reconstructed with certainty, but Greek from the period is well documented, and there is little disagreement among linguists as to the general nature of the sounds that the letters represent. /oː/ raised to [uː] , probably by the 4th century BC. Greek, like all of the older Indo-European languages , is highly inflected. It is highly archaic in its preservation of Proto-Indo-European forms. In ancient Greek, nouns (including proper nouns) have five cases ( nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , and vocative ), three genders ( masculine , feminine , and neuter ), and three numbers (singular, dual , and plural ). Verbs have four moods ( indicative , imperative , subjunctive , and optative ) and three voices (active, middle, and passive ), as well as three persons (first, second, and third) and various other forms. Verbs are conjugated through seven combinations of tenses and aspect (generally simply called "tenses"):

1000-490: The Archaic period of ancient Greek (see Homeric Greek for more details): Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκε, πολλὰς δ' ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι· Διὸς δ' ἐτελείετο βουλή· ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. The beginning of Apology by Plato exemplifies Attic Greek from

1050-764: The Classical period of ancient Greek. (The second line is the IPA , the third is transliterated into the Latin alphabet using a modern version of the Erasmian scheme .) Ὅτι [hóti Hóti μὲν men mèn ὑμεῖς, hyːmêːs hūmeîs,   Fortune 500 The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies , along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of

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1100-731: The Kresge Art Center was built, and a space called "the Gallery" was set aside to house the art. This was renamed the Kresge Art Museum in 1984. Susan Bandes was its director 1986-2010. When the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum was completed, the Kresge Art Museum closed permanently. Several thousand art objects went into storage. Many items from this Kresge collection would not be exhibited until The Broad opened its Center for Object Research and Engagement in 2023. A committee known as Better Art Museum

1150-567: The MSU Board of Trustees approved the construction of the museum with initial plans to demolish and replace the Kresge Art Center, before plans changed to instead demolish a former part of the MSU School of Home Economics known as the Paolucci Building. This building had been vacated since 2001 since its floorplan made it very inaccessible to persons with disabilities. It had been built in 1946 and

1200-550: The aorist. Following Homer 's practice, the augment is sometimes not made in poetry , especially epic poetry. The augment sometimes substitutes for reduplication; see below. Almost all forms of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect reduplicate the initial syllable of the verb stem. (A few irregular forms of perfect do not reduplicate, whereas a handful of irregular aorists reduplicate.) The three types of reduplication are: Irregular duplication can be understood diachronically. For example, lambanō (root lab ) has

1250-419: The augment when it was word-initial. In verbs with a preposition as a prefix, the augment is placed not at the start of the word, but between the preposition and the original verb. For example, προσ(-)βάλλω (I attack) goes to προσ έ βαλoν in the aorist. However compound verbs consisting of a prefix that is not a preposition retain the augment at the start of the word: αὐτο(-)μολῶ goes to ηὐ τομόλησα in

1300-405: The building are marked through the use of architectural concrete. The movement within and between the gallery spaces is fluid and designed to be affected by other visitors. The MSU Broad is composed of three levels: lower, ground (main), and second with its highest point at approximately 38 feet on the west side (Minskoff Gallery), sloping to about 24 feet on the east side (Education Wing). Its layout

1350-438: The center of Greek scholarship, this division of people and language is quite similar to the results of modern archaeological-linguistic investigation. One standard formulation for the dialects is: West vs. non-West Greek is the strongest-marked and earliest division, with non-West in subsets of Ionic-Attic (or Attic-Ionic) and Aeolic vs. Arcadocypriot, or Aeolic and Arcado-Cypriot vs. Ionic-Attic. Often non-West

1400-543: The change came 291 new entrants to the famous list including three in the Top 10. As of 2020, the Fortune 500 companies represent approximately two-thirds of the United States' gross domestic product with approximately $ 14.2 trillion in revenue, $ 1.2 trillion in profits, and $ 20.4 trillion in total market value. These revenue figures also account for approximately 18% of the gross world product . The companies collectively employ

1450-477: The city, its inhabitants, the museum visitor and the art. A dialog is formed with the town and Grand River Avenue, East Lansing's downtown area, through a visual connectivity between the galleries, plaza, and city. It functions as a gateway between the East Lansing community and campus with its parallel doors connecting campus to the downtown area. The floating staircase echoes the exchange with Grand River Avenue via

1500-611: The dialect of Sparta ), and Northern Peloponnesus Doric (including Corinthian ). All the groups were represented by colonies beyond Greece proper as well, and these colonies generally developed local characteristics, often under the influence of settlers or neighbors speaking different Greek dialects. After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the late 4th century BC, a new international dialect known as Koine or Common Greek developed, largely based on Attic Greek , but with influence from other dialects. This dialect slowly replaced most of

1550-516: The following periods: Mycenaean Greek ( c.  1400–1200 BC ), Dark Ages ( c.  1200–800 BC ), the Archaic or Epic period ( c.  800–500 BC ), and the Classical period ( c.  500–300 BC ). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers . It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been

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1600-585: The galleries and all community events and programs is free for all visitors. The leading gift to the MSU Broad's collection was provided by Eli and Edythe Broad upon its establishment. The museum, although contemporary, has a large collection of historical works that were inherited from the Kresge Art Museum , MSU's former art museum, when it closed. This collection includes over 10,000 works and growing and represents

1650-536: The galleries. The exterior is a rain-screen system consisting of sheathed steel framing clad with folding and pleated stainless steel panels. There is a high-performance glazing for the windows, doors, and skylights. 70% of the 46,000 square feet (4,300 m) is dedicated to exhibition space including non-traditional spaces such as the Education Wing and the Benefactor's Gallery. Public movement and circulation areas of

1700-556: The historical Dorians . The invasion is known to have displaced population to the later Attic-Ionic regions, who regarded themselves as descendants of the population displaced by or contending with the Dorians. The Greeks of this period believed there were three major divisions of all Greek people – Dorians, Aeolians, and Ionians (including Athenians), each with their own defining and distinctive dialects. Allowing for their oversight of Arcadian, an obscure mountain dialect, and Cypriot, far from

1750-472: The historical circumstances of the times imply that the overall groups already existed in some form. Scholars assume that major Ancient Greek period dialect groups developed not later than 1120 BC, at the time of the Dorian invasions —and that their first appearances as precise alphabetic writing began in the 8th century BC. The invasion would not be "Dorian" unless the invaders had some cultural relationship to

1800-502: The museum began on March 16, 2010, at a groundbreaking ceremony attended by Eli Broad and Zaha Hadid. Originally scheduled to open April 21, 2012, the official dedication was delayed until its public opening on November 10, 2012, due to "a combination of material supply delays and the priority placed on involving students in opening activities". Barton Malow Company from Southfield, MI provided construction management services, using atypical building techniques to ensure constructability given

1850-560: The museum has recycling stations to minimize the amount of waste products entering the waste stream. Before the BAM, art collections were housed by the Kresge Art Museum, located within Michigan State University's art department building, the Kresge Art Center. The Kresge Art Museum traces its roots to the 1930s when the university's art department first started displaying its official art collection in various locations on campus. In 1959

1900-473: The museum was projected to generate approximately $ 5.75 million per year in new spending into the regional economy. Specifically, the study predicted that visitors would spend: "We fully expect to be a significant contributor to our local economic engine", said Michael Rush, founding director of the Broad Museum. The museum "will generate new opportunities for existing businesses and potentially new businesses",

1950-499: The older dialects, although the Doric dialect has survived in the Tsakonian language , which is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of Demotic Greek . By about the 6th century AD, the Koine had slowly metamorphosed into Medieval Greek . Phrygian is an extinct Indo-European language of West and Central Anatolia , which

2000-487: The perfect stem eilēpha (not * lelēpha ) because it was originally slambanō , with perfect seslēpha , becoming eilēpha through compensatory lengthening. Reduplication is also visible in the present tense stems of certain verbs. These stems add a syllable consisting of the root's initial consonant followed by i . A nasal stop appears after the reduplication in some verbs. The earliest extant examples of ancient Greek writing ( c.  1450 BC ) are in

2050-409: The report noted, adding that it "is likely to attract visitors with relatively high incomes, high levels of education, and tastes and preferences..." Ancient Greek Ancient Greek ( Ἑλληνῐκή , Hellēnikḗ ; [hellɛːnikɛ́ː] ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into

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2100-517: The syllabic script Linear B . Beginning in the 8th century BC, however, the Greek alphabet became standard, albeit with some variation among dialects. Early texts are written in boustrophedon style, but left-to-right became standard during the classic period. Modern editions of ancient Greek texts are usually written with accents and breathing marks , interword spacing , modern punctuation , and sometimes mixed case , but these were all introduced later. The beginning of Homer 's Iliad exemplifies

2150-404: The two-story glazed window opening. All openings located in the building envelope (the exterior stainless steel pleating) reinforce the physical and visual connectivity and interface between the museum, its visitors, and its context (i.e., the surrounding environment). Ecological sustainable features enabled LEED certification in 2013. The floor-to-ceiling windows throughout the building maximize

2200-471: The unique design. The Executive Architect of the building is Integrated Design Solutions from Troy, MI. The angular facade is composed of pleated stainless steel and glass and was conceived to give the building "an ever-changing appearance that arouses curiosity yet never quite reveals its content." ( Zaha Hadid Architects ). According to an economic study published by the Anderson Economic Group,

2250-437: The use of natural light throughout the day to save energy. The solar control utilizes the sun's energy for lighting as well as heat, both increasing occupant comfort. The energy-efficient heating, ventilating, and cooling system reduces energy use and further maximizes occupant comfort. The HVAC system and lighting contain occupancy sensors to control selected features. The plumbing system minimizes freshwater waste. Additionally,

2300-475: Was Aeolic. For example, fragments of the works of the poet Sappho from the island of Lesbos are in Aeolian. Most of the dialect sub-groups listed above had further subdivisions, generally equivalent to a city-state and its surrounding territory, or to an island. Doric notably had several intermediate divisions as well, into Island Doric (including Cretan Doric ), Southern Peloponnesus Doric (including Laconian ,

2350-461: Was formed in 1999 with the goal of creating a new bigger museum. On June 1, 2007, Michigan State received a $ 33 million donation from Michigan State alumnus and Fortune 500 businessman Eli Broad and his wife, philanthropist and art collector Edythe Broad , and The Broad Art Foundation in Los Angeles for the construction of a larger art museum and an exhibition endowment. At their June 15 meeting,

2400-478: Was limited to companies whose revenues were derived from manufacturing, mining, and energy exploration. At the same time, Fortune published companion " Fortune 50" lists of the 50 largest commercial banks (ranked by assets), utilities (ranked by assets), life insurance companies (ranked by assets), retailers (ranked by gross revenues) and transportation companies (ranked by revenues). Fortune magazine changed its methodology in 1994 to include service companies. With

2450-836: Was named the director on March 9, 2016. Following the approval of the museum there were initially 10 semifinalist firms identified from a field of approximately 30 firms. From the list of semifinalists, five architectural firms were selected to submit competition proposals. The proposed building was to include a minimum of 26,000 square feet (2,400 m) of gallery space and would accommodate both permanent and temporary exhibitions. The new facilities would allow MSU's art museum to offer educational opportunities and programming such as lectures by visiting scholars, curators, artists and faculty; seminars, docent training; and special activities for families and school groups. The five finalists were: The selection committee announced on January 15, 2008, that Zaha Hadid had been selected. Construction on

2500-535: Was renamed after faculty member Beatrice Paolucci following her death in 1983. It was demolished in 2008 to make room for the new museum. The building design was chosen through a competition awarding the project to the winning architect, Zaha Hadid . The final cost of the project, including site fees, etc., totaled $ 40–$ 45 million. Michael Rush was named as the founding director in December 2010. Michael Rush died of pancreatic cancer on March 27, 2015. Marc-Olivier Wahler

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