93-569: MDR Rundfunkchor is the radio choir of the German broadcaster Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR), based in Leipzig , Saxony. Dating back to 1924, the choir became the radio choir of a predecessor of the MDR in 1946, then called Kammerchor des Senders Leipzig , or Rundfunkchor Leipzig . The present name was established in 1992. The choir has appeared internationally, and has made award-winning recordings. The origin of
186-860: A Bush opera in Britain. Bush's second opera, Men of Blackmoor , composed in 1954–55 to Nancy's libretto, is a story of Northumbrian miners in the early 19th century; Bush went down a mine as part of his research. It received its premiere at the German National Theatre, Weimar on 18 November 1956. Like Wat Tyler in Leipzig, the opera was successful; after the Weimar season there were further East German productions in Jena (1957), Leipzig (1959) and Zwickau (1960). In Britain there were student performances at Oxford in 1960, and Bristol in 1974. In December 1960 David Drew in
279-469: A ballet corps. The MDR Symphony Orchestra (German: MDR Sinfonieorchester) was founded in 1915 as "Orchester des Konzertvereins" ("Orchestra of the Concert Society"). It became the "Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Leipzig" ("Radio Symphony Orchestra Leipzig") in 1924. Principal conductors have included Herbert Kegel, Wolf-Dieter Hauschild , Daniel Nazareth and Fabio Luisi . Since September 2007, Jun Märkl
372-744: A commission from the Nottingham Co-operative Society to write a symphony as part of the city's quincentennial celebrations in 1949. According to Foreman, "by any standards this is one of Bush's most approachable scores", yet since its Nottingham premiere on 27 June 1949 and its London debut on 11 December 1952 under Boult and the London Philharmonic, the work has been rarely heard in Britain. His Violin Concerto, Op. 32, received its premiere on 25 August 1949, with Max Rostal as soloist. In this work Bush explained that "the soloist represents
465-611: A few months until the Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk was founded again. In 1946 the new program "Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, Sender Leipzig" started in the Springerstrasse broadcasting house. In September 1952, the "Sender Leipzig" program was converted to the "Berlin III" entertainment program. In 1956 the regional program of Radio DDR (English: Radio GDR ), "Sender Leipzig", was introduced. On 31 May 1991, Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR)
558-457: A gradual process. Bush first outlined the basis of his new method of composition in an article, "The Crisis of Modern Music", which appeared in WMA's Keynote magazine in spring 1946. The method, in which every note has thematic significance, has drawn comparison by critics with Schoenberg 's twelve-note system , although Bush rejected this equation. Many of Bush's best-known works were written in
651-410: A judicious selection of fact, the music aimed at the heart before brain." Christopher Ford: Burning Bush (1974) The postwar period also saw the beginning of Bush's 20-year involvement with grand opera, a genre in which, although he achieved little commercial recognition, he was retrospectively hailed by critics as a master of British opera second only to Britten. His first venture, Wat Tyler ,
744-488: A musician and as a man, Marxism is a guide to action", enabling him to express through music the "struggle to create a condition of social organisation in which science and art will be the possession of all". In 1982 Bush visited the Lascaux caves in south-western France, and was inspired by the prehistoric cave paintings to write his fourth and final symphony, Op. 94, subtitled the "Lascaux". This, his last major orchestral work,
837-648: A pity, as a composer". Nancy Bush writes that the BBC considered him persona non grata , and imposed an almost complete though unofficial broadcast ban that lasted for some 15 years after the war. As well as resuming his teaching routines, Bush embarked on a busy schedule of travel, mainly in Eastern Europe with the WMA choir. While in Czechoslovakia in August 1947, he and the WMA performed his unaccompanied chorus Lidice at
930-412: A production of its own". With Nancy, Bush wrote two more operettas for children: The Spell Unbound (1953) and The Ferryman's Daughter (1961). His final opera, written in 1965–67, was Joe Hill , based on the life story of Joe Hill , an American union activist and songwriter who was controversially convicted of murder and executed in 1915. The opera, to a libretto by Barrie Stavis, was premiered at
1023-572: A programme about his life and works, and on 16 February 1971 the RAM hosted a special (late) birthday concert, in which he and Pears performed songs from Voices of the Prophets . Bush featured in a further television programme, broadcast on 25 October 1975, in a series entitled "Born in 1900". In old age, Bush continued to lead an active and productive life, punctuated by periodic commemorations of his life and works. In November 1975 his 50 years' professorship at
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#17328580693721116-613: A range of genres, but struggled through his lifetime for recognition from the British musical establishment, which largely ignored his works. Bush, from a prosperous middle-class background, enjoyed considerable success as a student at the Royal Academy of Music (RAM) in the early 1920s, and spent much of that decade furthering his compositional and piano-playing skills under distinguished tutors. A two-year period in Berlin in 1929 to 1931, early in
1209-551: A six-point radical anti-war programme that included friendship with the Soviet Union and "a people's peace". The BBC advised him that because of his association with this movement, he and his music would no longer be broadcast. This action drew strong protests from, among others, E. M. Forster and Ralph Vaughan Williams . The ban was opposed by the prime minister, Winston Churchill , in the House of Commons , and proved short-lived; it
1302-700: A special ensemble for Neue Musik with numerous premieres and world premieres and others. Boris Blacher , Thomas Buchholz , Thomas Bürkholz , Alan Bush , Jean-Luc Darbellay , Paul Dessau , Paul-Heinz Dittrich , Hanns Eisler , Fritz Geißler , Sofia Gubaidulina , Hans Werner Henze , Günter Kochan , Marek Kopelent , Wilfried Krätzschmar , Ernst Hermann Meyer , Günter Neubert , Krzysztof Penderecki , Rudolf Wagner-Régeny , Gerhard Rosenfeld , Friedrich Schenker , Kurt Schwaen , Siegfried Thiele , Carlos Veerhoff and Udo Zimmermann . More than 200 sound carriers have been released so far. The choir performed at international festivals such as Aix-en-Provence Festival ,
1395-539: A strong impression when first heard in 1935, as "a musical discourse of driving intensity and virile incident". Christiansen highlights its "tightness and austerity" in contrast to the more fashionable lyricism then prevalent in English music. Bush's years in Berlin brought into his music the advanced Central European idioms that characterise his major orchestral compositions of the period: the Piano Concerto (1935–37), and
1488-458: Is in Halle . There are also radio and TV studios in each of the three state capitals for the territory that MDR represents: Dresden (Saxony), Erfurt (Thuringia), and Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt). In 2012 87% of MDR's total annual income of €684,529,979 was derived from the licence fees payable by all households at the rate of €17,50 (per month). These fees are not collected directly by MDR but by
1581-615: Is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia , Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Established in January 1991, its headquarters are in Leipzig , with regional studios in Dresden , Erfurt and Magdeburg . MDR is a member of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany. MDR broadcasts its own television channel to the three states it serves and also contributes programming to
1674-741: Is the orchestra's principal conductor. The later MDR Rundfunkchor (MDR radio choir) was founded in 1946 as the Rundfunkchor Leipzig ("Leipzig Radio Choir"). The MDR managed MDR TV Ballet (German: MDR Fernsehballett), the only TV ballet company in Europe. It was founded in 1962 as DFF-Fernsehballet , reorganized in 1992, and has 30 members. MDR sold the Ballet in 2012. It's now known as Deutsches Fernsehballett . MDR does not own its own transmission towers. They are owned and operated by Deutsche Telekom . Several podcasts produced by MDR are available through
1767-508: The Radio Times on 8 May 1931. One thought that "such a medley of fearful discords could never be called music", while another opined that "[we] should not cry for more Mozart, Haydn or Beethoven if modern composers would all give us sheer beauty like this". At the end of summer 1931 the couple returned permanently to England, and settled in the village of Radlett , in Hertfordshire . In
1860-489: The Beitragsservice ("fee collection service") owned jointly by ARD (and its members), the second television network ZDF , and the national radio broadcaster Deutschlandradio . MDR produces programming independently and in collaboration with other broadcasters, for transmission by a number of television and radio networks. MDR also contributes programming to the following: The MDR operates two musical organizations and
1953-454: The Dorian mode , followed by eight in other modes culminating in a final quadruple fugue in six parts. Musical Opinion ' s critic praised the composer's "wonderful control and splendid craftsmanship" in this piece, and predicted that it could become the most popular of all Bush's orchestral works. "All [Bush's] operas deal with things that actually happened, the message being contained in
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#17328580693722046-998: The Dresden Music Festival , Salzburg Festival , The Proms in London, and the Wiener Festwochen , among others. In 2019, the choir participated in the opening concert of the Rheingau Musik Festival at Eberbach Abbey , singing Dvořák's Stabat Mater with the hr-Sinfonieorchester , conducted by Andrés Orozco-Estrada . Conductors like Claudio Abbado , Karl Böhm , Riccardo Chailly , Sir Colin Davis , Bernard Haitink , Herbert von Karajan , James Levine , Lorin Maazel , Kurt Masur, Sir Neville Marriner , Riccardo Muti , Roger Norrington , Seiji Ozawa , Georges Prêtre , Sir Simon Rattle and Wolfgang Sawallisch have already conducted
2139-656: The MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra gave guest performances in Japan conducted by Wolf-Dieter Hauschild . Gert Frischmuth became chief conductor in 1988 and choir director in 1992. In January 1989 the choir was the first ensemble from the GDR to perform in Israel under Kurt Masur 's direction. In January 1992, the broadcaster was reorganised, and the choir renamed MDR Rundfunkchor. On the occasion of its 50th anniversary
2232-561: The Nazi Party 's rise to power, cemented Bush's political convictions and moved him from the mainstream Labour Party to the Communist Party of Great Britain which he joined in 1935. He wrote several large-scale works in the 1930s, and was heavily involved with workers' choirs for whom he composed pageants, choruses and songs. His pro-Soviet stance led to a temporary ban on his music by the BBC in
2325-507: The New Statesman wrote: "The chief virtue of Men of Blackmoor , and the reason why it particularly deserves a [professional] performance at this historical point, is its unfailing honesty ... it is never cheap, and at its best achieves a genuine dignity." For his third opera, Bush chose a contemporary theme – the struggle against colonial rule. He intended to collect appropriate musical material from British Guiana , but an attempt to visit
2418-454: The early 1930s. The extent to which Bush's music changed substantially after the war was addressed by Meirion Bowen, reviewing a Bush concert in the 1980s. Bowen noted a distinct contrast between early and late works, the former showing primarily the influences of Ireland and of Bush's European contacts, while in the later pieces the idiom was "often overtly folklike and Vaughan Williams-ish". In general Bush's late works continued to show all
2511-458: The iTunes Music Store and via RSS. They are essentially repeats of regular radio programmes, including: "Figaro," "MDR Info," "Programming Highlights," "Riverboat," "Sputnik" and "Unter uns." The managing directors of MDR: MDR produces several programs for the ARD, including crime drama episodes for the series Tatort ("Crime Scene") and Polizeiruf 110 ("Police Emergency 110"). MDR also produces
2604-716: The 1930s was devoted to pageants, songs and choruses written for his choirs, work undertaken with the utmost seriousness. In his introduction to a 1938 socialist song book, Bush wrote that "socialists must sing what we mean and sing it like we mean it". Under Bush's influence the "music of the workers" moved from the high aesthetic represented by, for example, Arthur Bourchier 's mid-1920s pamphlet Art and Culture in Relation to Socialism , towards an expression with broader popular appeal. Although Bush accepted Zhdanov 's 1948 diktat without demur and acted accordingly, his postwar simplifications had begun earlier and would continue as part of
2697-534: The 1970s, while maintaining his teaching commitment to the RAM, he continued to perform in the concert hall as conductor and pianist. Bush was slowly being recognised for his achievements, even by those who had long cold-shouldered him. In 1968 he was awarded a Doctor of Music degree by the University of London , and two years later received an honorary doctorate from the University of Durham . On 6 December 1970, just before Bush's 70th birthday, BBC Television broadcast
2790-518: The Alan Bush Music Trust, established in 1997. Bush was born in Dulwich , South London, on 22 December 1900, the third and youngest son of Alfred Walter Bush and Alice Maud, née Brinsley. The Bushes were a prosperous middle-class family, their wealth deriving from the firm of industrial chemists founded by the composer's great-grandfather, W. J. Bush. As a child Alan's health was delicate, and he
2883-739: The Bechstein Hall, in a concert of his own music which included the premieres of the chamber work Five Pieces , Op. 6 and the piano solo Relinquishment , Op. 11. Critical opinion was broadly favourable, the Berliner Zeitung am Mittag correspondent noting "nothing extravagant but much of promise". Among the works composed by Bush during this period were the Quartet for piano, violin, viola and cello, Op. 5; Prelude and Fugue for piano, Op. 9; settings of poems by Walter de la Mare , Harold Monro and W. B. Yeats ; and his first venture into orchestral music,
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2976-526: The British premieres of Shostakovich 's Fifth Symphony , and Khatchaturian 's Piano Concerto . William Glock in The Observer was disdainful, dismissing the Khatachurian concerto as "sixth-rate", and criticising the inordinate length, as he saw it, of the symphony. Bush was among many musicians, artists and writers who in January 1941 signed up to the communist-led People's Convention , which promoted
3069-545: The First Symphony (1939–40). Nancy Bush describes the Piano Concerto as Bush's first attempt to fuse his musical and political ideas. The symphony was even more overtly political, representing in its three movements greed (of the bourgeoisie), frustration (of the proletariat) and the final liberation of the latter, but not, according to Christiansen, "in an idiom calculated to appeal to the masses". Aside from these large-scale works, much of Bush's compositional activity in
3162-545: The German Berlin State Opera on 29 September 1970, and in 1979 was broadcast by the BBC. During his involvement with opera, Bush continued to compose in other genres. His 1953 cantata Voice of the Prophets , Op. 41, was commissioned by the tenor Peter Pears and sung by Pears at its premiere on 22 May 1953. In 1959–60 he produced two major orchestral works: the Dorian Passacaglia and Fugue , Op. 52, and
3255-509: The Leschetizky method. In 1926 he made his first of numerous visits to Berlin, where with the violinist Florence Lockwood he gave two concerts of contemporary, mainly British, music which included his own Phantasy in C minor, Op. 3. The skill of the performers was admired by the critics more than the quality of the music. In 1928 Bush returned to Berlin, to perform with the Brosa Quartet at
3348-669: The London Co-operative Societies' pageant "Towards Tomorrow", held at Wembley Stadium on 2 July 1938. In the autumn of that year he visited both the Soviet Union and the United States. Back home in early 1939 he was closely involved in founding and conducting the London String Orchestra, which operated successfully until 1941 and again in the immediate postwar years. He also began to write a major orchestral work, his Symphony No. 1 in C. Amid this busy life Bush
3441-595: The London Labour Choral Union (LLCU), a group of largely London-based choirs that had been organised by the socialist composer Rutland Boughton , with Labour Party support, to "develop the musical instincts of the people and to render service to the Labour movement". Bush was soon appointed as Boughton's assistant, and two years later, he succeeded Boughton as the LLCU's chief musical adviser, remaining in this post until
3534-547: The London String Orchestra, and in 1944 was the piano soloist in the British premiere of Shostakovich 's Piano Quintet. His wartime compositions were few; among them were the "Festal Day" Overture, Op. 23, written for Vaughan Williams's 70th birthday in 1942, and several songs and choruses including "Freedom on the March", written for a British-Soviet Unity Demonstration at the Albert Hall on 27 June 1943. Bush's relatively calm war
3627-643: The London Trades Council and held at the Crystal Palace during October. Tippett, who co-conducted the event, later described it as a "high water mark" in Bush's drive to provide workers' choirs with settings for left-wing texts. In 1936 Bush was one of the founders of the Workers' Musical Association (WMA), and became its first chairman. In 1935 Bush began work on a piano concerto which, completed in 1937, included
3720-573: The Palestrina Style (Joseph Williams, London, 1948). On 15 December 1950 the WMA marked Bush's 50th birthday with a special concert of his music at the Conway Hall . Since his youthful Last Days of Pompeii , Bush had not attempted to write opera, but he took up the genre in 1946 with a short operetta for children, The Press Gang (or the Escap'd Apprentice) , for which Nancy supplied the libretto. This
3813-516: The RAM was marked in a concert there, and in January 1976 the WMA gave a concert to honour his recent 75th birthday. In 1977 he produced his last major piano work, the Twenty-four Preludes , Op. 84, of which he gave the first performance at the Wigmore Hall on 30 October 1977. A later reviewer described this piece as "music I'd like to have playing beside me as I sprawled on the grass beneath
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3906-593: The Symphonic Impressions of 1926–27, Op. 8. In early 1929 he completed one of his best-known early chamber works, the string quartet Dialectic , Op. 15, which helped to establish Bush's reputation abroad when it was performed at a Prague festival in the 1930s. Bush had begun to develop an interest in politics during the war years. In 1924, rejecting his parents' conservatism, he joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). The following year he joined
3999-520: The Thalberg Scholarship, the Phillimore piano prize, and a Carnegie award for composition. He produced the first compositions of his formal canon: Three Pieces for Two Pianos, Op. 1, and Piano Sonata in B minor, Op. 2, and also made his first attempt to write opera – a scene from Bulwer Lytton 's novel The Last Days of Pompeii , with a libretto by his brother Brinsley. The work, with Bush at
4092-637: The Third Symphony, Op. 53, known as the "Byron" since it depicts musically scenes from the life of the poet . The symphony, a commission from East German Radio, was first performed at Leipzig on 20 March 1962. Colin Mason, writing in The Guardian , thought the work had a stronger socialist programme than the Nottingham symphony of 1949. The ending of the second movement, a long tune representing Byron's speech against
4185-614: The applause to end by unexpectedly performing the National Anthem". A performance of the concerto a year later, at the 1939 "Festival of Music for the People", drew caustic comments from Neville Cardus in The Manchester Guardian . Cardus saw little direction and no humour in the music: "Why don't these people laugh at themselves now and then? Just for fun." Bush provided much of the music, and also acted as general director, for
4278-475: The avant-garde European idioms of the inter-war years. During and after the war he began to simplify this style, in line with his Marxism-inspired belief that music should be accessible to the mass of the people. Despite the difficulties he encountered in getting his works performed in the West he continued to compose until well into his eighties. He taught composition at the RAM for more than 50 years, published two books,
4371-402: The beginning", introducing him to folksong and Palestrina , both important building blocks in the development of Bush's mature style. Daula comments that "Bush's music does not [merely] imitate the sound-world of his Renaissance predecessors", but creates his unique fingerprint by "[juxtaposing] 16th century modal counterpoint with late- and post-romantic harmony". Bush's music, at least from
4464-432: The body disbanded in 1940. Through his LLCU work, Bush met Michael Tippett , five years his junior, who shared Bush's left-wing political perspective. In his memoirs Tippett records his first impressions of Bush: "I learned much from him. His music at the time seemed so adventurous and vigorous". Tippett's biographer Ian Kemp writes: "Apart from Sibelius, the contemporary composer who taught Tippett as much as anyone else
4557-410: The broadcaster became Reichssender Leipzig. In 1934, the future choirmaster Heinrich Werlé appeared frequently as guest conductor. From 1935 to 1940, Curt Kretzschmar was choral director. The first surviving recordings date back to 1937: A cappella recording with folk songs and radio recording of the Aria of Marie from Donizetti's La fille du régiment conducted by Curt Kretzschmar. In May 1941,
4650-577: The category best recording of the 17th/18th centuries. The choir recorded Rachmaninoff's All-Night Vigil twice, in 2000 conducted by Arman, and in 2016 conducted by Risto Joost. A reviewer noted: "Extremely well prepared MDR Rundfunkchor communicates an impeccable, focused sound and is unerringly responsive to the sacred text." Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk ( pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk] ; "Central German Broadcasting"), shortened to MDR ( pronounced [ˌɛmdeːˈʔɛʁ] ; stylized as mdr ),
4743-576: The choir gave a jubilee concert in 1996 Howard Arman was choral conductor from 1998. The choir toured to Qatar several times between 2008 and 2014, followed by concerts in France, Italy, Monaco and Switzerland. Risto Joost was artistic director from 2015 to 2020. Philipp Ahmann has been the choir's first guest conductor between 2013 and 2016, and has been appointed as artistic director in 2020. The MDR Rundfunkchor has an extensive repertoire (a cappella, choral symphonic works, ensemble singing, secular and sacred music ). In addition, it has appeared as
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#17328580693724836-443: The choir was delegated to the Reichssender München. At the end of 1942, the choir was dissolved. Fourteen former choir members were taken over by the Bruckner Choir St. Florian Monastery of the Großdeutscher Rundfunk from 1943 to 1945. This was taken over by Thomaskantor Günther Ramin and transferred to Linz in 1944. After World War II, the choir was taken over by the new Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk. Conducted by Heinrich Werlé, it
4929-433: The colony in 1957 was thwarted when its government refused him entry. The ban was rescinded the following year, and in 1959 Bush was able to gather and record a great deal of authentic music from the local African and Indian populations. The eventual result was The Sugar Reapers , premiered at Leipzig on 11 December 1966. The Times correspondent, praising the performance, wrote: "One can only hope that London will soon see
5022-402: The early years of the Second World War , and his refusal to modify his position in the postwar Cold War era led to a more prolonged semi-ostracism of his music. As a result, the four major operas he wrote between 1950 and 1970 were all premiered in East Germany . In his prewar works, Bush's style retained what commentators have described as an essential Englishness, but was also influenced by
5115-803: The events of his youth but with no memory of the last fifty years and unaware of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. He died in Watford General hospital on 31 October 1995, after a short illness, at the age of 94. Despite undergoing various changes of emphasis, Bush's music retained a voice distinct from that of any of his contemporaries. One critic describes the typical Bush sound as "Mild dominant discords, of consonant effect, used with great originality in uncommon progressions alive with swift, purposeful harmonic movement ... except in [Benjamin] Britten they are nowhere used with more telling expression, colour and sense of movement than in Bush". John Ireland, Bush's early mentor, instilled "the sophisticated and restrained craftsmanship which marked Bush's music from
5208-506: The extension of the death penalty was, Mason wrote, "a splendid piece". The symphony was awarded that year's Händel Prize in the city of Halle . At the end of the 1960s Bush wrote, among other works, Time Remembered , Op. 67, for chamber orchestra, and Scherzo for Wind Orchestra and Percussion , Op. 68, based on an original Guyanese theme. In 1969 he produced the first of three song cycles, The Freight of Harvest , Op. 69 – Life's Span and Woman's Life would follow in 1974 and 1977. In
5301-508: The first German TV channel ( Das Erste ), and broadcasts a number of radio channels. The Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (MIRAG) was founded on 22 January 1924 in Leipzig . It aired its first program on 1 March 1924 at 14:30 CET. During the Gleichschaltung in the Nazi era, the MIRAG was transferred to the "Reichssender Leipzig" in 1934. After the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany temporarily licensed "Radio Leipzig" in 1945, which only existed for
5394-412: The following years three daughters were born. Bush resumed his RAM and LLCU duties, and in 1932 accepted a new appointment, as an examiner for the Associated Board of London's Royal Schools of Music, a post which involved extensive overseas travel. These new domestic and professional responsibilities limited Bush's composing activity, but he provided the music for the 1934 Pageant of Labour, organised for
5487-413: The hallmarks of his postwar oeuvre: vigour, clarity of tone and masterful use of counterpoint. The Lascaux symphony, written when he was 83, is the composer's final major orchestral statement, and addresses deep philosophical issues relating to the origins and destiny of mankind. In the 1920s it appeared that Bush might emerge as Britain's foremost pianist, after his studies under the leading teachers of
5580-664: The immediate postwar years. Anthony Payne described the Three Concert Studies for Piano Trio (Op. 31) of 1947 as exceeding Britten in its inventiveness, "a high-water mark in Bush's mature art". The Violin Concerto (Op. 32, 1948) has been cited as "a work as beautiful and refined as any in the genre since Walton's". Foreman considers the concerto, which uses twelve-tone themes, to be the epitome of Bush's thematic theory of composition, although Bush's contemporary, Edmund Rubbra , thought it too intellectual for general audiences. The Dorian Passacaglia and Fugue for timpani, percussion and strings, (Op. 52, 1959), involves eight variations in
5673-438: The individual, the orchestra world society, and the work [represents] the individual's struggles and of his final absorption into society". The Daily Telegraph ' s critic observed that "it was the orchestra, i.e. society, that after a strenuous opening gave up the struggle". In 1947 Bush became chairman of the Composers' Guild of Great Britain for 1947–48. He also produced a full-length textbook, Strict Counterpoint in
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#17328580693725766-424: The inspiration comes over him he forgets all about this and remembers only the one eternal rule for all artists, 'To thine own self be true'." Bush's First Symphony : "In this Symphony, the composer's intention is to evoke the feelings of the men and women of Britain during the 1930s. There is no programme of events depicted; the three main movements are more in the nature of mood pictures, each an expression of
5859-452: The later MDR Rundfunkchor was a choir called Leipziger Oratorienvereinigung (Leipzig oratorio association), that appeared first on 14 December 1924 in a broadcast of the Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG [ de ] (MIRAG) of Haydn's Die Schöpfung , conducted by Alfred Szendrei . A 1931 broadcast featured a Leipziger Solistenchor (Leipzig soloists choir). The choir was renamed on 1 July 1934, as Kammerchor des Reichssenders Leipzig, when
5952-412: The mid-1930s, often carried political overtones. His obituarist Rupert Christiansen writes that, as a principled Marxist, Bush "put the requirements of the revolutionary proletariat at the head of the composer's responsibilities", a choice which others, such as Tippett, chose not to make. However, Vaughan Williams thought that, despite Bush's oft-declared theories of the purposes of art and music, "when
6045-402: The music pleasant but not especially memorable. Bush's three other major operas were all characterised by their use of "local" music: Northumbrian folk-song in the case of Men of Blackmoor , Guyanese songs and dances in The Sugar Reapers , and American folk music in Joe Hill – the last-named used in a manner reminiscent of Kurt Weill and the German opera with which Bush had become familiar in
6138-401: The onset of the Cold War alienated both the public and the music establishment, a factor which Bush acknowledged 20 years later: "People who were in a position to promote my works were afraid to do so. They were afraid of being labelled". Stoker comments that "in a less tolerant country he would certainly have been imprisoned, or worse. But he was merely ignored, both politically, and, which is
6231-418: The orchestra. In addition to regular cooperation with the MDR Symphony Orchestra and the Gewandhausorchester , the choir has performed repeatedly with the Dresdner Staatskapelle , the Dresdner Philharmonie and the Staatskapelle Weimar . A recording of MDR Rundfunkchor of Carl Heinrich Graun's Der Tod Jesu , with the MDR Sinfonieorchester conducted by Howard Arman, was awarded the Echo Klassik 2005 in
6324-468: The piano, received a single private performance with family members and friends forming the cast. The manuscript was later destroyed by Bush. Among Bush's fellow students was Michael Head . The two became friends, as a result of which Bush met Head's 14-year-old sister Nancy. In 1931, ten years after their first meeting, Bush and Nancy would marry and begin a lifelong artistic partnership in which she became Bush's principal librettist, as well as providing
6417-470: The politicisation of his music, his folk idioms have more in common with the English traditions of Ralph Vaughan Williams than with the continental radicalism of Kurt Weill . In March 1931 Bush and Nancy were married in London, before returning to Germany where Bush continued his studies. In April a BBC broadcast performance of his Dance Overture for Military Band, Op. 12a, received a mixed reception. Nancy Bush quotes two listeners' comments that appeared in
6510-427: The prevailing mental and emotional atmosphere of the social movement of the time." Bush, Alan: Programme notes for first performance 24 July 1942. According to Duncan Hall's account of the music culture of the Labour Movement in the inter-war years, Bush's youthful music, composed before his Berlin sojourn, already demonstrated its essential character. His Dialectic for String Quartet (1929), Op. 15, created
6603-487: The site of the village of that name , which had been destroyed by the Nazis in 1942 in a reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich . Among Bush's earliest postwar works was the English Suite , performed by the revived London String Orchestra at the Wigmore Hall on 9 February 1946. The orchestra had suspended its operations in 1941; after the war, Bush's failure to secure funding for it led to its closure, despite considerable artistic success. Critics noted in
6696-507: The subsequent character of his music. Michael Jones, writing in British Music after Bush's death, records Bush's concern at the rise of fascism and antisemitism in Germany. His association with like-minded musicians such as Hanns Eisler and Ernst Hermann Meyer , and writers such as Bertold Brecht , helped to develop his growing political awareness into a lifelong commitment to Marxism and communism. Bush's conversion to full-blown communism
6789-518: The successful hospital series In aller Freundschaft ("In friendship") and the animal series Abenteuer Zoo ("Adventure Zoo"), Deutschlands wilde Tiere ("Germany's Wild Animals") and Europas wilder Osten ("Europe's Wild East"). Alan Bush Alan Dudley Bush (22 December 1900 – 31 October 1995) was a British composer, pianist, conductor, teacher and political activist. A committed communist , his uncompromising political beliefs were often reflected in his music. He composed prolifically across
6882-501: The texts for many of his other vocal works. In 1922 Bush graduated from the RAM, but continued to study composition privately under John Ireland , with whom he formed an enduring friendship. In 1925 Bush was appointed to a teaching post at the RAM, as a professor of harmony and composition, under terms that gave him scope to continue with his studies and to travel. He took further piano study from two pupils of Leschetizky , Benno Moiseiwitsch and Mabel Lander , from whom he learned
6975-479: The trees with an ice-cream, watching a county cricket match on a golden afternoon". In 1978 Bush retired from the RAM after 52 years' service. His 80th birthday in December 1980 was celebrated at concerts in London, Birmingham and East Germany, and the BBC broadcast a special birthday musical tribute. In the same year he published In My Eighth Decade and Other Essays , in which he stated his personal creed that "as
7068-471: The unusual feature of a mixed chorus and baritone soloist in the finale, singing a radical text by Randall Swingler . Bush played the piano part when the work was premiered by the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Sir Adrian Boult on 4 March 1938. The largely left-wing audience responded to the work enthusiastically; Tippett observed that "to counter the radical tendencies of the finale ... Boult forced
7161-467: The war in November 1918 meant that Alan narrowly avoided being called up for military service; meantime, having determined on a musical career, he had applied to and been accepted by the RAM, where he began his studies in the spring of 1918. At the RAM, Bush studied composition under Frederick Corder and piano with Tobias Matthay . He made rapid progress, and won various scholarships and awards, including
7254-494: The war led to what Richard Stoker, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , calls "his best period". However, Bush's attempts to secure a place in the concert repertoire were frustrated. A contributory factor may have been what the critic Dominic Daula calls Bush's "intriguingly unique compositional voice" that challenged critics and audiences alike. But the composer's refusal to modify his pro-Soviet stance following
7347-489: The work a change of idiom, away from the European avant-garde character of much of his prewar music and towards a simpler popular style. This change was acknowledged by Bush as he responded to the 1948 decree issued by Stalin 's director of cultural policy, Andrei Zhdanov , against formalism and dissonance in modern music – although the process of simplification had probably begun during the war years. In 1948 Bush accepted
7440-498: Was written in a form which Bush thought acceptable to the general British public; it was not his choice, he wrote, that the opera and its successors all found their initial audiences in East Germany. When eventually staged in Britain in 1974 the opera, although well received at Sadler's Wells, seemed somewhat old-fashioned; Philip Hope-Wallace in The Guardian thought the ending degenerated into "a choral union cantata", and found
7533-659: Was annulled following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. In November 1941 Bush was conscripted into the army, and after initial training was assigned to the Royal Army Medical Corps . Based in London, he was given leave to perform in concerts, which enabled him to conduct the premiere of his First Symphony at a BBC Promenade Concert in the Royal Albert Hall on 24 July 1942. He also performed regularly with
7626-755: Was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music . When war broke out in September 1939, Bush registered for military service under the National Service (Armed Forces) Act of 1939. He was not called up immediately, and continued his musical life, helping to form the WMA Singers to replace the now-defunct LLCU, and founding the William Morris Music Society. In April 1940 he conducted a Queen's Hall concert of music by Soviet composers which included
7719-458: Was engaged as guest conductor; from 1967 to 1978, and thus as successor to Armin Oeser, he was choir director. From 1969 the choir gave concerts for schoolchildren. From 1978 to 1980 the choir had three interim conductors: Jochen Wehner , Gerhard Richter and Gert Frischmuth . In 1980, Jörg-Peter Weigle took over the direction of the choir and from 1985 onwards the chief conductor. In 1982 the choir and
7812-521: Was formed by 27 singers, women and men. He was supported by Dietrich Knothe from 1952 on (dismissed for political reasons in October 1962), which was intended primarily for a cappella works and rehearsals. The concert tour through Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) in October 1957 marked the choir's international breakthrough. In the same year the choir gave a guest performance in CSSR . In 1964, Horst Neumann
7905-419: Was founded as public broadcaster serving Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia , and became a member of ARD . In August 2022 Ines Hoge-Lorenz , the managing director of the regional state branch of Saxony-Anhalt of the MDR was sacked because of her family ties to a corruption scandal ten years ago. MDR has approximately 2,000 employees. The main television studio is in Leipzig , and the main radio studio
7998-608: Was his own contemporary Alan Bush". After his 1928 concert tour in Berlin, Bush returned to the city to study piano under Artur Schnabel . He left the ILP in 1929, and joined the Labour Party proper, before taking extended leave from the RAM to begin a two-year course in philosophy and musicology at Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelm University . Here, his tutors included Max Dessoir and Friedrich Blume . Bush's years in Berlin profoundly affected his political beliefs, and had direct influence on
8091-520: Was initially educated at home. When he was eleven he began at Highgate School as a day pupil, and remained there until 1918. Both of his elder brothers served as officers in the First World War ; one of them, Alfred junior, was killed on the Western Front in 1917. The other, Hamilton Brinsley Bush, went into the family business and ran twice as Liberal candidate for Watford in the 1950s. The end of
8184-673: Was marred by the death, in 1944, of his seven-year-old daughter Alice in a road accident. As the war in Europe drew to its end, Bush was posted to the Far East despite being well over the normal age limit for overseas service. The matter was raised in Parliament by the Independent Labour member D. N. Pritt , who enquired whether political factors were behind the decision. The posting was withdrawn; and Bush remained in London until his discharge in December 1945. Bush's return to composing after
8277-498: Was not immediate, but in 1935 he finally abandoned Labour and joined the British Communist Party . Notwithstanding the uncompromising nature of his politics, Bush in his writings tended to express his views in restrained terms, "much more like a reforming patrician Whig than a proletarian revolutionary" according to Michael Oliver in a 1995 Gramophone article. Bush's Grove Music Online biographers also observe that in
8370-463: Was not taken up by any of the British opera houses, and was first staged at Leipzig Opera in 1953. It was well received, retained for the season and ran again in the following year; there was a further performance in Rostock in 1955. Wat Tyler did not receive its full British premiere until 19 June 1974, when it was produced at Sadler's Wells ; as of 2017, this remains the only professional staging of
8463-538: Was performed by pupils at St Christopher School , Letchworth , on 7 March 1947. The following year he began a more ambitious venture, a full-length grand opera recounting the story of Wat Tyler , who led the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. Wat Tyler , again to Nancy's libretto, was submitted in 1950 to the Arts Council's Festival of Britain opera competition, and was one of four prizewinners – Bush received £400. The opera
8556-668: Was premiered by the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra , under Edward Downes in Manchester, on 25 March 1986. In the late 1980s Bush was increasingly hampered by failing eyesight. His last formal compositions appeared in 1988: "Spring Woodland and Summer Garden" for solo piano, Op. 124, and Summer Valley for cello and piano, Op. 125, although he continued to compose privately and play the piano. Nancy's health meanwhile deteriorated, and she died on 12 October 1991. Bush lived on quietly at Radlett for another four years, able to recall
8649-453: Was the founder and long-time president of the Workers' Music Association, and served as chairman and later vice-president of the Composers' Guild of Great Britain . His contribution to musical life was slowly recognised, in the form of doctorates from two universities and numerous tribute concerts towards the end of his life. Since his death aged 94 in 1995, his musical legacy has been nurtured by
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