85-499: MCO may refer to: Abbreviations [ edit ] Malaysian movement control order , a lockdown measure by Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic Managed Care Organization Manitoba Chamber Orchestra Manufacturer’s Certificate of Origin Marine Corps Order Mars Climate Orbiter MC Oran , an Algerian association football club MC Oujda ,
170-425: A public health emergency of international concern from January 30, 2020, to May 5, 2023. SARS‑CoV‑2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is contagious in humans. SARS‑CoV‑2 is a strain of the species Betacoronavirus pandemicum (SARSr-CoV), as is SARS-CoV-1 , the virus that caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak . There are animal-borne coronavirus strains more closely related to SARS-CoV-2,
255-499: A Moroccan association football club MegaCon Orlando , a large fan convention in Orlando Millennial Choirs and Orchestras MinecraftOnline , a Minecraft multiplayer server Miscellaneous Charges Order , a coupon used to process the payment of travel arrangements Modern Chess Openings , a reference book on chess openings Moscow Chamber Orchestra Motorsport Club of Ottawa Motor City Online ,
340-594: A continuation of rising cases and deaths. On 2 February, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob extended MCO restrictions over all states except Sarawak from 5 to 18 February 2021. On 4 February, Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that three business activities night markets, hair salons, and car wash services would be allowed to operate under a strict operating procedure from 5 February onwards as Phase One together with some businesses. On 9 February, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob confirmed that dining in and retail shops are allowed to open, subject to rule of 5 per table; which
425-467: A family of viruses. By 12 January 2020, five genomes of SARS‑CoV‑2 had been isolated from Wuhan and reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) and other institutions; the number of genomes increased to 42 by 30 January 2020. A phylogenetic analysis of those samples showed they were "highly related with at most seven mutations relative to a common ancestor ", implying that
510-445: A federal gazette specific to the control order, where violations can be fined up to RM 1,000 ( US$ 229) and/or jailed not more than six months or both. On 14 April, Senior Minister Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob stated that compounds will no longer be issued by the police from the next day as the penalties were ineffective on reducing MCO violations, and offenders will be arrested and remanded instead. Except for travel to Sarawak ,
595-542: A live broadcast, that the CMCO will be extended until 9 June, the fourth extension since 18 March. Muhyiddin Yassin clarified that all rules and standard operating procedures (SOPs) introduced during the conditional MCO would remain in force until 9 June and that any changes to the SOPs or the list of sectors allowed to operate will be announced. There will be a ban on interstate movement during
680-579: A live national broadcast announced a first extension of the MCO to last until 14 April. There were, however, considerations of a further lockdown until late April or May as the number of cases in Malaysia is expected to peak in mid-April, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On 8 April, Health Director-General Noor Hisham Abdullah said that the health ministry was having a discussion with
765-650: A massively multiplayer online racing game Member, College of Organists , an honorific Codes [ edit ] MCO , the IATA airport code for Orlando International Airport MCO, the ISO 3166 trigram for the country of Monaco MCO, the ISO 639-3 code for Coatlán Mixe MCO, the NYSE code for Moody's Corporation MCO, the UK National Rail station code for Manchester Oxford Road railway station Topics referred to by
850-611: A membrane protein that regulates the renin–angiotensin system. During the initial outbreak in Wuhan , China, various names were used for the virus; some names used by different sources included "the coronavirus" or "Wuhan coronavirus". In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended "2019 novel coronavirus" (2019-nCoV) as the provisional name for the virus. This was in accordance with WHO's 2015 guidance against using geographical locations, animal species, or groups of people in disease and virus names. On 11 February 2020,
935-413: A mink euthanasia campaign rendering it virtually extinct. Each SARS-CoV-2 virion is 60–140 nanometres (2.4 × 10 –5.5 × 10 in) in diameter; its mass within the global human populace has been estimated as being between 0.1 and 10 kilograms. Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has four structural proteins, known as the S ( spike ), E ( envelope ), M ( membrane ), and N ( nucleocapsid ) proteins;
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#17328524860631020-568: A plan named the Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO or Conditional MCO), a relaxation of regulations regarding the MCO, with its main goal was to reopen the national economy in a controlled manner. The CMCO was scheduled to start from 4 May. The regulations of the CMCO as stated in his speech included: However, the CMCO received mixed reactions among state governments around Malaysia. The states of Kedah , Kelantan , Pahang , Sabah and Sarawak decided to not implement
1105-421: A range of animals—such as cats, ferrets, hamsters, non-human primates, minks, tree shrews, raccoon dogs, fruit bats, and rabbits—that are susceptible and permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some institutions have advised that those infected with SARS‑CoV‑2 restrict their contact with animals. On 1 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that "transmission from asymptomatic cases
1190-581: A range of businesses and activities have been allowed to resume operations including spas, wellness and foot massage centres, cinemas, meetings, seminars, weddings, birthdays, and religious gatherings. Besides, swimming in public, hotel, condominium, gated community and private pools have also been allowed. On 3 July, Religious Affairs Minister in the Prime Minister's Department Dr Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri clarified that foreigners would not be allowed to attend congregational prayers at mosques and surau until
1275-430: A single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species. Human coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, fatality rate ~34%). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E , NL63 , OC43 , HKU1 , MERS-CoV , and
1360-412: A site. The furin cleavage site PRRAR↓ is highly similar to that of the feline coronavirus , an alphacoronavirus 1 strain. Viral genetic sequence data can provide critical information about whether viruses separated by time and space are likely to be epidemiologically linked. With a sufficient number of sequenced genomes , it is possible to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree of the mutation history of
1445-419: A written police permit with a valid reason was originally planned to be required for interstate travel during the MCO. As a result, large crowds were reported to have gathered at police stations for permits hours before the travel restriction was in effect. Concerned that the crowding will exacerbate the spread of COVID-19, PDRM called off the permit plan a few hours before the MCO, until further notice. During
1530-454: Is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 , the respiratory illness responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic . The virus previously had the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV ), and has also been called human coronavirus 2019 ( HCoV-19 or hCoV-19 ). First identified in the city of Wuhan , Hubei, China, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak
1615-477: Is another possible cause of infection. Preliminary research indicates that the virus may remain viable on plastic ( polypropylene ) and stainless steel ( AISI 304 ) for up to three days, but it does not survive on cardboard for more than one day or on copper for more than four hours. The virus is inactivated by soap, which destabilizes its lipid bilayer . Viral RNA has also been found in stool samples and semen from infected individuals. The degree to which
1700-425: Is approximately 30,000 bases in length, relatively long for a coronavirus—which in turn carry the largest genomes among all RNA families. Its genome consists nearly entirely of protein-coding sequences, a trait shared with other coronaviruses. A distinguishing feature of SARS‑CoV‑2 is its incorporation of a polybasic site cleaved by furin , which appears to be an important element enhancing its virulence. It
1785-608: Is being implemented from 10 February 2021, moving from Phase One to Phase Two. However, the Phase Two will only exist until July 2021. On 11 February, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob confirmed that gym activities, golf, table tennis, badminton and tennis would be allowed from 12 February with social distancing and time restrictions. On 13 February, the National Unity Ministry confirmed that non-Muslim places of worship would be allowed to start reopening from 12 February for
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#17328524860631870-466: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Malaysian movement control order The Movement Control Order ( Malay : Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Kerajaan Malaysia ), commonly referred to as the MCO or PKP , was a series of national quarantine and cordon sanitaire measures implemented by the federal government of Malaysia in response to
1955-587: Is earlier than in West Malaysia. Further measures were instilled starting from 1 April; a person must not be accompanied with other people during travel, a 10 km travel radius for all travellers and the banning of all types of gatherings except for funerals, however the attendees must be kept to a minimum. People who travel for medical purposes are exempted from companion rule and the travel radius. All levels of supply chains regarding agricultural and fishing industries are allowed to be in operation throughout
2040-449: Is likely not a major driver of transmission". One meta-analysis found that 17% of infections are asymptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals were 42% less likely to transmit the virus. However, an epidemiological model of the beginning of the outbreak in China suggested that "pre-symptomatic shedding may be typical among documented infections" and that subclinical infections may have been
2125-680: Is likely to have occurred in late 2019. Epidemiological studies estimate that in the period between December 2019 and September 2020 each infection resulted in an average of 2.4–3.4 new infections when no members of the community were immune and no preventive measures were taken. However, some subsequent variants have become more infectious. The virus is airborne and primarily spreads between people through close contact and via aerosols and respiratory droplets that are exhaled when talking, breathing, or otherwise exhaling, as well as those produced from coughs and sneezes. It enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),
2210-611: Is planning to reduce roadblocks nationwide to focus on social distancing enforcements as well as curbing the entry of illegal immigrants and smuggling activities. On 20 March, RapidKL trains had an extended waiting time of 10 minutes, from the previous duration of 3–8 minutes. On 30 March, the national government designated that all businesses such as supermarkets and restaurants, including food delivery services can only be operated from 8 am till 8 pm starting from 1 April. Sarawak, however, insisted on its operation time of 7 am till 7 pm, citing that Sarawak's daylight
2295-480: The COVID-19 pandemic . The orders were commonly referred to in local and international media as " lockdowns ". Beginning on 18 March 2020, the MCO was enforced nationwide and encompassed restrictions on movement, assembly and international travel, and mandated the closure of business, industry, government and educational institutions to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 , the virus that causes COVID-19 . These measures were periodically relaxed and strengthened throughout
2380-707: The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses adopted the official name "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS‑CoV‑2). To avoid confusion with the disease SARS , the WHO sometimes refers to SARS‑CoV‑2 as "the COVID-19 virus" in public health communications and the name HCoV-19 was included in some research articles. Referring to COVID-19 as the "Wuhan virus" has been described as dangerous by WHO officials, and as xenophobic by many journalists and academics. Human-to-human transmission of SARS‑CoV‑2
2465-469: The index case ". The authors later published a correction that showed that shedding began earlier than first estimated, four to five days before symptoms appear. There is uncertainty about reinfection and long-term immunity. It is not known how common reinfection is, but reports have indicated that it is occurring with variable severity. The first reported case of reinfection was a 33-year-old man from Hong Kong who first tested positive on 26 March 2020,
2550-483: The nasal cavity is seemingly the dominant initial site of infection, with subsequent aspiration -mediated virus-seeding into the lungs in SARS‑CoV‑2 pathogenesis. They found that there was an infection gradient from high in proximal towards low in distal pulmonary epithelial cultures, with a focal infection in ciliated cells and type 2 pneumocytes in the airway and alveolar regions respectively. Studies have identified
2635-412: The CMCO by 4 May, either to give way to discussions regarding the implications of reopening economic sections towards the future trend of Malaysia's pandemic or to secure the positive development of the pandemic. The governments of Selangor and Perak restricted some business sectors operating during the CMCO while Negeri Sembilan only allowed economic sectors to reopen. The government of Penang on
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2720-557: The CMCO in certain districts of Kedah and Kelantan will revert to Recovery Movement Control Order on 20 December. On 28 December, the National Security Council extended the CMCO in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor from 1 January until 14 January in response to a surge in cases and clusters in those areas. On 7 June 2020, Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin announced that the Conditional Movement Control Order would end on 9 June, with
2805-489: The Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) from 19 February 2021. On 25 February, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that the meetings, incentives, conferencing and exhibitions (MICE) sector in states under the Movement Control Order would be allowed to resume from 5 March 2021. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS‑CoV‑2 )
2890-539: The Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) including Kuala Lumpur. On 18 December, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob extended the CMCO in Kuala Lumpur and much of Selangor with the exception of Sabak Bernam , Hulu Selangor , and Kuala Selangor from 21 December to 31 December 2020. In addition, the CMCO was extended in Sabah and several districts in Negri Sembilan, Johor, Penang, and Perak until 31 December. Meanwhile,
2975-580: The EMCO. On 9 November, the Government extended the Enhanced Movement Control Order over several areas in Sabah, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Sarawak in response to a spike in cases nationwide. From 14 May 2020, Pudu area in Kuala Lumpur comes under semi enhanced movement control order (SEMCO). Soldiers and police put up barbed wire fences at road exits. It is understood that besides Jalan Pudu,
3060-519: The Government announced that two family members will be allowed to buy food and other daily essentials as part of the relaxation of MCO restrictions. On 21 June, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that couples whose marriage registration had been delayed as a result of the Movement Control Order could not complete the process at all permitted NGOs in the country including clan organisations, temples, churches, and religious bodies. Muhyiddin Yassin in his Labour Day speech on 1 May 2020 announced
3145-554: The Government would be allowing restaurants, food stalls and food deliveries in states under the MCO to operate until 10 pm starting 22 January, easing a week-long rule of only allowing operations to run until 8 pm. On 21 January, the Malaysian Government extended the country's MCO restrictions in Selangor, Penang, Johor, Malacca, Sabah and the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan until 4 February due to
3230-533: The Hari Raya Aidilfitri, the Kaamatan Feast and Hari Gawai holiday periods. From 27 March 2020, specific locations were subjected to a stay-at-home order , known as the "Enhanced Movement Control Order" (EMCO or Enhanced MCO), for 14 days if a large cluster was detected within the area for the government to conduct a thorough COVID-19 test towards all residents, and to curb the spread of the virus out of
3315-510: The MCO is lifted too early. On the night of 23 April, Muhyiddin announced a third extension of the MCO by two weeks till 12 May, with the possibility of further extensions. The Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) initially warned that violators of the MCO's regulation may be subjected to various penalties under the Penal Code . However, on 18 March, the chamber of the Attorney General released
3400-468: The MCO, PDRM conducted road blocks operations (codenamed "Ops COVID-19") along key points across the country, to monitor travellers and warn them to stay home and abide by the order. From 22 March, Malaysia's military forces were mobilised to augment PDRM's MCO operations; as of April, approximately 7,000 military personnel were deployed to assist. From 4 May, in line with the Conditional MCO, PDRM
3485-421: The Malaysian Government would allow three people from the same household per car, easing an earlier CMCO restriction limiting cars to just two people following a public backlash. On 20 November, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob approved a domestic travel bubble programme within green zones. He also announced the elimination of CMCO restrictions in the states of Johor , Kedah , Malacca , and Terengganu with
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3570-492: The N protein holds the RNA genome, and the S, E, and M proteins together create the viral envelope . Coronavirus S proteins are glycoproteins and also type I membrane proteins (membranes containing a single transmembrane domain oriented on the extracellular side). They are divided into two functional parts (S1 and S2). In SARS-CoV-2, the spike protein, which has been imaged at the atomic level using cryogenic electron microscopy ,
3655-401: The SARS‑CoV‑2 genome (matches above 90 percent may sound high, but in genomic terms it is a wide evolutionary gap ). In addition, despite similarities in a few critical amino acids, pangolin virus samples exhibit poor binding to the human ACE2 receptor. SARS‑CoV‑2 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as coronaviruses . It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus, with
3740-630: The affected roads are Jalan Kancil, Jalan Pasar, Jalan Landak, Lorong Brunei 2 and Lorong Brunei 3. Several busy commercial districts in the Klang Valley have been put under various lockdowns, including the enhanced movement control order (EMCO). As the number of daily cases and active cases of COVID-19 reduced in Malaysia by mid-April 2020, the government had relaxed several measures of the MCO. Transport Minister Dr Wee Ka Siong confirmed that all public transportation services would resume on 4 May but would abide by social distancing measures. On 30 April,
3825-577: The amino acid sequence P RR A . This sequence is upstream of an arginine and serine which forms the S1/S2 cleavage site ( P RR A R ↓ S ) of the spike protein. Although such sites are a common naturally-occurring feature of other viruses within the Subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, it appears in few other viruses from the Beta-CoV genus, and it is unique among members of its subgenus for such
3910-662: The areas. The orders included: On 27 March, two areas in Simpang Renggam , Johor were subjected to the order till 9 April as those areas alone contributed to a high 61 positive cases. On 30 March, this order is applied to a few hamlets in Sungai Lui, Hulu Langat District , Selangor due to a detection of a cluster involving a madrasa with 71 positive cases. City One, a residential complex in Jalan Munshi Abdullah, Kuala Lumpur which its residents are mainly foreign workers
3995-453: The blind are allowed to reopen, only Malaysians can work in spas, wellness, and reflexology centres. Ismail Sabri also announced that tuition centres, special education schools and private schools would be allowed to operate soon. On 29 June, it was reported that both government and private pre-schools, kindergartens, nurseries and daycare centres would resume operations from 1 July. Under the RMCO,
4080-595: The country entering into the Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) phase between 10 June and 31 August. The Prime Minister also announced that interstate travel would be allowed from 10 June under the RMCO except in areas remaining under the Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO). In most areas, certain religious activities at mosques are allowed again, but with many restrictions. In Selangor , for example, Muslims are only allowed to go to certain mosques for Friday prayers after receiving an invitation from
4165-598: The department had studied reports from the Federal Territories Islamic Religious Department regarding the situation. Zulkifli expressed hope that the situation would be resolved within a month or two. On 10 July, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that family entertainment centres including game arcades, karaoke centres, indoor funfairs, edutainment centres for children, and kids' gymnasiums could resume operations from 15 July. On 28 August, Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin announced
4250-418: The differences between what was then called 2019-nCoV and the virus from the 2003 SARS outbreak were insufficient to make them separate viral species . Therefore, they identified 2019-nCoV as a virus of Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus . In July 2020, scientists reported that a more infectious SARS‑CoV‑2 variant with spike protein variant G614 has replaced D614 as the dominant form in
4335-421: The exception of areas under an Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO), which will still require a police permit. On 11 January 2021, Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin announced that Movement Control Order restrictions would be re-introduced to the states of Malacca , Johor , Penang , Selangor , Sabah and the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur , Putrajaya , and Labuan between 13 until 26 January 2021. It
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#17328524860634420-534: The exception of certain districts. On 5 December, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob confirmed that the Conditional Movement Control Order would end for most states except Sabah, Kuala Lumpur, most of Selangor, and parts of Johor, Negeri Sembilan, Kelantan and Perak; where the CMCO would be extended until 20 December. On 7 December, the National Security Council lifted the cap on the number of diners allowed to share tables at restaurants in areas under
4505-408: The extension of the RMCO by a further 4 months until 31 December 2020. On 1 January 2021, Senior Minister Dato Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that the RMCO has been extended to 31 March 2021 as cases are still high. On 5 December 2020, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that the Government would allow unrestricted interstate travel across states and districts from 7 December with
4590-640: The first human infection occurred in November or December 2019. Examination of the topology of the phylogenetic tree at the start of the pandemic also found high similarities between human isolates. As of 21 August 2021, 3,422 SARS‑CoV‑2 genomes, belonging to 19 strains, sampled on all continents except Antarctica were publicly available. On 11 February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses announced that according to existing rules that compute hierarchical relationships among coronaviruses based on five conserved sequences of nucleic acids,
4675-543: The first infection, but the mechanisms that could account for this are not known. No natural reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 has been identified. Prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pathogen infecting humans, there had been two previous zoonosis -based coronavirus epidemics, those caused by SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV . The first known infections from SARS‑CoV‑2 were discovered in Wuhan, China. The original source of viral transmission to humans remains unclear, as does whether
4760-718: The following 19 months in response to the changing epidemiology of the disease. Movement control orders were also localised to specific states and federal territories or smaller areas. The Movement Control Order was included in the National Recovery Plan ( Malay : Pelan Pemulihan Negara , shortened to NRP/ PPN ) launched in June 2021. In October 2021, the Malaysian government lifted movement control restrictions for vaccinated people and announced its intention to treat COVID-19 as an endemic disease. Note: No official announcement
4845-487: The mosque authorities, or after having their application accepted by the religious authorities. The number of attendees is also restricted to 40, and then later to 150 people only, as they are instructed to bring their own prayer mats and only sit within their own prepared spaces, distanced a metre away from each other. In Kuala Lumpur, several mosques operated on a 'first-come, first-served' policy. On 26 June, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that sectors under
4930-491: The most closely known relative being the BANAL-52 bat coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 is of zoonotic origin; its close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses suggests it emerged from such a bat-borne virus . Research is ongoing as to whether SARS‑CoV‑2 came directly from bats or indirectly through any intermediate hosts. The virus shows little genetic diversity , indicating that the spillover event introducing SARS‑CoV‑2 to humans
5015-612: The much larger clades . Several different clade nomenclatures have been proposed. Nextstrain divides the variants into five clades (19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, and 20C), while GISAID divides them into seven (L, O, V, S, G, GH, and GR). Several notable variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2020. The World Health Organization has currently declared five variants of concern , which are as follows: Other notable variants include 6 other WHO-designated variants under investigation and Cluster 5 , which emerged among mink in Denmark and resulted in
5100-453: The nation's cabinet regarding the possible extension of the MCO, with the decision of the MCO's duration to be announced no later than Friday. On 10 April, the prime minister announced a second extension of the MCO by another fortnight until 28 April, noting that his decision was to give space to the healthcare personnels battling the COVID-19 outbreak, apart from preventing the virus from spreading again and to avoid another increase of cases if
5185-614: The natural reservoir of the virus that caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak has resulted in the discovery of many SARS-like bat coronaviruses , most originating in horseshoe bats . The closest match by far, published in Nature (journal) in February 2022, were viruses BANAL-52 (96.8% resemblance to SARS‑CoV‑2), BANAL-103 and BANAL-236, collected in three different species of bats in Feuang , Laos. An earlier source published in February 2020 identified
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#17328524860635270-491: The order. On 10 April, the Malaysian government gave permissions to certain businesses to operate during the order to ensure the sustainability of the country's economy, to prevent the loss of jobs among Malaysians and to ensure continuous access to basic needs and critical products. The Malaysian Government had eased lockdown restrictions on 4 May under a "conditional MCO," which allowed certain business sectors to resume operations. On 10 May Prime Minister Muhyiddin announced in
5355-524: The original SARS-CoV . Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 SARS outbreak, SARS‑CoV‑2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus ( beta-CoV lineage B). Coronaviruses undergo frequent recombination. The mechanism of recombination in unsegmented RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 is generally by copy-choice replication, in which gene material switches from one RNA template molecule to another during replication. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence
5440-454: The other hand had implemented a three-phase gradual reopening till 13 May. The CMCO received backlash by politicians, health experts and the general public over concerns of a possible resurgence of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia due to the seemingly reckless and unnecessary relaxation of the MCO; the federal government responded by stating that the CMCO is stricter than relaxation measures taken in other countries. By 3 May, over 420,000 members of
5525-1807: The pandemic. Coronavirus genomes and subgenomes encode six open reading frames (ORFs). In October 2020, researchers discovered a possible overlapping gene named ORF3d , in the SARS‑CoV‑2 genome . It is unknown if the protein produced by ORF3d has any function, but it provokes a strong immune response. ORF3d has been identified before, in a variant of coronavirus that infects pangolins . A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses is: ( Bat ) Rc-o319 , 81% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus cornutus , Iwate , Japan Bat SL-ZXC21 , 88% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus , Zhoushan , Zhejiang Bat SL-ZC45 , 88% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus , Zhoushan, Zhejiang Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GX, 85.3% to SARS-CoV-2, Manis javanica , smuggled from Southeast Asia Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GD, 90.1% to SARS-CoV-2, Manis javanica , smuggled from Southeast Asia Bat RshSTT182, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus shameli , Steung Treng , Cambodia Bat RshSTT200, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus shameli , Steung Treng, Cambodia (Bat) RacCS203 , 91.5% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus acuminatus , Chachoengsao , Thailand (Bat) RmYN02 , 93.3% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus malayanus , Mengla , Yunnan (Bat) RpYN06 , 94.4% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus , Xishuangbanna , Yunnan (Bat) RaTG13 , 96.1% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus affinis , Mojiang , Yunnan (Bat) BANAL-52 , 96.8% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus malayanus , Vientiane , Laos SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-1 , 79% to SARS-CoV-2 There are many thousands of variants of SARS-CoV-2, which can be grouped into
5610-769: The public had signed a petition of objection to the conditional MCO and urging the government to stay with the MCO. On 7 November, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that the Malaysian Government would be reinstating the CMCO throughout most of Peninsular Malaysia except Kelantan, Perlis, and Pahang between 9 November and 6 December 2020. Besides, CMCO measures for Sabah, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, and Putrajaya, which were scheduled to end on 9 November, were extended until 6 December. Under these new CMCO measures, all educational institutions, social and cultural activities will be required to cease but economic activities can continue under set standard operating procedures. On 13 November, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that
5695-507: The purview of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture such as meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions, travel and trade fairs, as well as a spa, wellness and reflexology centres would be allowed to open from 1 July. However, tourism businesses are required to abide by social distancing measures, limit crowds to 200–250 people, check customers' temperatures, wear face masks, and provide hand sanitizer. While reflexology centres provided by
5780-433: The remainder of the Movement Control Order, which is scheduled to end on 18 February 2021. On 16 February, Senior Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that the government would extend the MCO for Selangor, Johor, Penang and Kuala Lumpur until 4 March 2021. Meanwhile, Kedah, Perak, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu, Kelantan, Melaka, Pahang and Sabah as well as the federal territories of Putrajaya and Labuan transitioned back into
5865-570: The role of pangolins as an intermediate host was initially posited (a study published in July 2020 suggested that pangolins are an intermediate host of SARS‑CoV‑2-like coronaviruses ), subsequent studies have not substantiated their contribution to the spillover. Evidence against this hypothesis includes the fact that pangolin virus samples are too distant to SARS-CoV-2: isolates obtained from pangolins seized in Guangdong were only 92% identical in sequence to
5950-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title MCO . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MCO&oldid=1247652865 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
6035-504: The source of a majority of infections. That may explain how out of 217 on board a cruise liner that docked at Montevideo , only 24 of 128 who tested positive for viral RNA showed symptoms. Similarly, a study of ninety-four patients hospitalized in January and February 2020 estimated patients began shedding virus two to three days before symptoms appear and that "a substantial proportion of transmission probably occurred before first symptoms in
6120-555: The source. For a virus recently acquired through a cross-species transmission, rapid evolution is expected. The mutation rate estimated from early cases of SARS-CoV-2 was of 6.54 × 10 per site per year. Coronaviruses in general have high genetic plasticity , but SARS-CoV-2's viral evolution is slowed by the RNA proofreading capability of its replication machinery. For comparison, the viral mutation rate in vivo of SARS-CoV-2 has been found to be lower than that of influenza. Research into
6205-493: The virus RaTG13 , collected in bats in Mojiang , Yunnan, China to be the closest to SARS‑CoV‑2, with 96.1% resemblance. None of the above are its direct ancestor. Bats are considered the most likely natural reservoir of SARS‑CoV‑2. Differences between the bat coronavirus and SARS‑CoV‑2 suggest that humans may have been infected via an intermediate host; although the source of introduction into humans remains unknown. Although
6290-541: The virus became pathogenic before or after the spillover event . Because many of the early infectees were workers at the Huanan Seafood Market , it has been suggested that the virus might have originated from the market. However, other research indicates that visitors may have introduced the virus to the market, which then facilitated rapid expansion of the infections. A March 2021 WHO-convened report stated that human spillover via an intermediate animal host
6375-478: The virus is infectious during the incubation period is uncertain, but research has indicated that the pharynx reaches peak viral load approximately four days after infection or in the first week of symptoms and declines thereafter. The duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding is generally between 3 and 46 days after symptom onset. A study by a team of researchers from the University of North Carolina found that
6460-587: The virus may be airborne as well, with aerosols potentially being able to transmit the virus. During human-to-human transmission, between 200 and 800 infectious SARS‑CoV‑2 virions are thought to initiate a new infection. If confirmed, aerosol transmission has biosafety implications because a major concern associated with the risk of working with emerging viruses in the laboratory is the generation of aerosols from various laboratory activities which are not immediately recognizable and may affect other scientific personnel. Indirect contact via contaminated surfaces
6545-422: The virus. Another case study described a 25-year-old man from Nevada who tested positive for SARS‑CoV‑2 on 18 April 2020 and on 5 June 2020 (separated by two negative tests). Since genomic analyses showed significant genetic differences between the SARS‑CoV‑2 variant sampled on those two dates, the case study authors determined this was a reinfection. The man's second infection was symptomatically more severe than
6630-414: Was confirmed on 20 January 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic . Transmission was initially assumed to occur primarily via respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes within a range of about 1.8 metres (6 ft). Laser light scattering experiments suggest that speaking is an additional mode of transmission and a far-reaching one, indoors, with little air flow. Other studies have suggested that
6715-452: Was discharged on 15 April 2020 after two negative tests, and tested positive again on 15 August 2020 (142 days later), which was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing showing that the viral genomes between the episodes belong to different clades . The findings had the implications that herd immunity may not eliminate the virus if reinfection is not an uncommon occurrence and that vaccines may not be able to provide lifelong protection against
6800-503: Was dubbed as MCO 2.0 widely. These restrictions include: On 15 January, Prime Minister Muhyiddin announced that MCO restrictions would be reimposed on Kelantan and Sibu , Sarawak between 16 and 29 January in response to a surge of cases. On 21 January, several betting outlets in peninsular Malaysia and Sabah announced they were closing until 4 February to comply with the Government's new Movement Control Order. On 21 January, Senior Defence Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced that
6885-514: Was made for Labuan. On 16 March 2020, Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin made an official speech and officially promulgated the movement control order under the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act 1988 and the Police Act 1967. The order included the following restrictions: On 18 March, Malaysia began the implementation the movement control order. On 25 March, the prime minister through
6970-584: Was placed for over 15,000 residents living around the Kuala Lumpur Wholesale Market in Selayang on 20 April until 3 May, following the detection of 20 cases and one fatality from the area. On 6 April, Malaysia's Defence Minister, Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob , suggested that the government is planning for a new standard operating procedure regarding the EMCO and the government tried to not impose an excessively wide radius towards areas subjected to
7055-423: Was subjected to the extended order on 31 March as 17 cases involving residents of the tower were detected. Selangor Mansion and Malayan Mansion, apartment buildings located at Jalan Masjid India, Kuala Lumpur, were subjected to EMCOs on 7 April, as 15 positive cases were detected within the two buildings, while Jalan Masjid India and its surrounding areas were subjected to EMCOs on 14 April. Similarly, an EMCO order
7140-490: Was suggested that the acquisition of the furin-cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was essential for zoonotic transfer to humans. The furin protease recognizes the canonical peptide sequence R X[ R / K ] R ↓X where the cleavage site is indicated by a down arrow and X is any amino acid . In SARS-CoV-2 the recognition site is formed by the incorporated 12 codon nucleotide sequence CCT CGG CGG GCA which corresponds to
7225-525: Was the most likely explanation, with direct spillover from bats next most likely. Introduction through the food supply chain and the Huanan Seafood Market was considered another possible, but less likely, explanation. An analysis in November 2021, however, said that the earliest-known case had been misidentified and that the preponderance of early cases linked to the Huanan Market argued for it being
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