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77-526: Selayang is a town in Gombak District , Selangor , Malaysia . Selayang is located on the main route to Rawang through Jalan Ipoh , and this route is connected to Jalan Kuching as main Rawang-Kuala Lumpur route. It is also an optional getaway to Damansara by passing Kepong via Kepong-Selayang Highway , which is a neighbouring town to the southwest. A route connecting Selayang and Gombak in

154-460: A T cell -mediated autoimmune attack causes loss of beta cells and thus insulin deficiency. Patients often have irregular and unpredictable blood sugar levels due to very low insulin and an impaired counter-response to hypoglycemia. Type 1 diabetes is partly inherited , with multiple genes, including certain HLA genotypes , known to influence the risk of diabetes. In genetically susceptible people,

231-491: A body mass index of greater than 30), lack of physical activity , poor diet , stress , and urbanization . Excess body fat is associated with 30% of cases in people of Chinese and Japanese descent, 60–80% of cases in those of European and African descent, and 100% of Pima Indians and Pacific Islanders. Even those who are not obese may have a high waist–hip ratio . Dietary factors such as sugar -sweetened drinks are associated with an increased risk. The type of fats in

308-555: A normal body weight , engaging in physical activity, and eating a healthy diet. Higher levels of physical activity (more than 90 minutes per day) reduce the risk of diabetes by 28%. Dietary changes known to be effective in helping to prevent diabetes include maintaining a diet rich in whole grains and fiber , and choosing good fats, such as the polyunsaturated fats found in nuts, vegetable oils, and fish. Limiting sugary beverages and eating less red meat and other sources of saturated fat can also help prevent diabetes. Tobacco smoking

385-453: A 50% and had a 5-minute passive recovery. The high-intensity pedaled at 150% for 15 seconds and was intermixed with a 30-second passive recovery. So, when studies finished collecting data and were able to analyze it, the following were the results. For the studies comparing the different intensities, it was seen that insulin and carbohydrate intake did not have a significant difference before or after exercise. In regards of glucose content, there

462-440: A 75 gram oral glucose load are considered to have impaired glucose tolerance . Of these two prediabetic states, the latter in particular is a major risk factor for progression to full-blown diabetes mellitus, as well as cardiovascular disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) since 2003 uses a slightly different range for impaired fasting glucose of 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L (100 to 125 mg/dL). Glycated hemoglobin

539-419: A defective gene, this disease varies in age at presentation and in severity according to the specific gene defect; thus, there are at least 13 subtypes of MODY. People with MODY often can control it without using insulin. Some cases of diabetes are caused by the body's tissue receptors not responding to insulin (even when insulin levels are normal, which is what separates it from type 2 diabetes); this form

616-428: A fetus's blood may inhibit fetal surfactant production and cause infant respiratory distress syndrome . A high blood bilirubin level may result from red blood cell destruction . In severe cases, perinatal death may occur, most commonly as a result of poor placental perfusion due to vascular impairment. Labor induction may be indicated with decreased placental function. A caesarean section may be performed if there

693-429: A form that arises during pregnancy in some women, normally resolves shortly after delivery. As of 2021, an estimated 537 million people had diabetes worldwide accounting for 10.5% of the adult population, with type 2 making up about 90% of all cases. The World Health Organization has reported that diabetes was "among the top 10 causes of death in 2021, following a significant percentage increase of 95% since 2000." It

770-656: A greater risk of cognitive decline, and have a greater rate of decline compared to those without the disease. The condition also predisposes to falls in the elderly , especially those treated with insulin . (age standardized) Diabetes is classified by the World Health Organization into six categories: type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , hybrid forms of diabetes (including slowly evolving, immune-mediated diabetes of adults and ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes ), hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, "other specific types", and "unclassified diabetes". Diabetes

847-589: A large amount of recreational area and tourist attraction. [REDACTED] List of Gombak district representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat) List of Gombak district representatives in the State Legislative Assembly ( Dewan Undangan Negeri ) The Gombak district is served by the following expressways: Diabetes This is an accepted version of this page Diabetes mellitus , often known simply as diabetes ,

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924-605: A locality (town/area/suburb) in the northern and central portion of the Setapak subdistrict (both in Gombak and Kuala Lumpur ). Before 1974, Gombak was a town before it became a district. Gombak was home to the settlements of the first Minangkabau immigrants in the 1800s and was established soon after. Old mosques in the Gombak area such as the Masjid Lama Batu 6 Gombak are still standing to this day. Today, Gombak can be referred to both

1001-543: A number of attractions. Located in the northern portions of Klang Valley, on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur, Selayang serves as a getaway spot from the bustle of the metropolis that is Kuala Lumpur. Popular landmarks include the Selayang Mall and Selayang Capitol (shopping complexes), Hospital Selayang, Selayang Mara University of Technology (UiTM Selayang), Majlis Perbandaran Selayang Stadium , and Pasar Borong Selayang. Given its varied topography pattern and close proximity to

1078-577: A nutritive low-calorie sweetener ( tagatose ), but the results were unclear for effects on HbA1c, body weight and adverse events. The studies included were mainly of very low-certainty and did not report on health-related quality of life, diabetes complications, all-cause mortality or socioeconomic effects. Exercise has demonstrated to impact people’s lives for a better health outcome. However, fear of hypoglycemia can negatively impact exercise view on youth that have been diagnosed with diabetes. Managing insulin, carbohydrate intake, and physical activity becomes

1155-425: A pre-clinical phase, while type 2 has a more insidious onset; patients may remain asymptomatic for many years. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency that occurs most commonly in type 1, but may also occur in type 2 if it has been longstanding or if the individual has significant β-cell dysfunction. Excessive production of ketone bodies leads to signs and symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,

1232-756: A reflection of the major forces driving social, economic and cultural change: globalization , urbanization, population aging, and the general health policy environment. Diabetes patients' comorbidities have a significant impact on medical expenses and related costs. It has been demonstrated that patients with diabetes are more likely to experience respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections, develop atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, putting them at increased risk of infection and complications that require medical attention. Patients with diabetes mellitus are more likely to experience certain infections, such as COVID-19, with prevalence rates ranging from 5.3 to 35.5%. Maintaining adequate glycemic control

1309-428: A slower onset than the same condition in children. Given this difference, some use the unofficial term "type 1.5 diabetes" for this condition. Adults with LADA are frequently initially misdiagnosed as having type 2 diabetes, based on age rather than a cause. LADA leaves adults with higher levels of insulin production than type 1 diabetes, but not enough insulin production for healthy blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes

1386-418: A task that drive youth away benefitting from enjoying exercises. With different studies, an understanding of what can be done and applied to the youth population diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes has been conducted. A study’s aim was to focus on the impact of an exercise education on physical activity. During the length of a 12-month program, youth and their parents participated in 4 education sessions learning about

1463-481: A waterfall, river, trekking route, canopy walk, etc. The species are highly protected and visitors could see tags attached to trees displaying the names as well as quite rare animals on ground. Bukit Lagong which is the name of the hill covered by FRIM on the northern part is a recreational area in Selayang, storing recreational entertainment for visitors. Fresh water river, jungle trekking, kayaking and camping are among

1540-426: A week, or almost every day after work. One possible explanation could probably be the algae microorganisms living in the springs, but so far there is no proven scientific evidence that conclusively confirm or refute the claims. Nevertheless, the hot spring spot is certainly a destination for city dwellers who seek relaxation and tranquility, far cheaper than going to a spa. Most of the natural places of attraction

1617-421: Is 68100 Batu Caves , including the part of the town located in the federal territory, as postcode areas do not necessarily correspond to state borders. However, to minimise confusion, the postcode for the federal territory part is often written as 68100 Kuala Lumpur. Among the facilities and infrastructures accessible is bus transportation provided by Rapid KL and MARA Liner, Batu Caves Komuter station which

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1694-499: Is Selayang are in the north, attached to the greenery environment. Bandar Baru Selayang or colloquially known as BBS among locals is a rather new township. It was opened in 1987. It places the municipal council's headquarters and other important landmarks including the MPS Stadium known among local football enthusiasts as among other venues for important matches in the country's popular football leagues. Many restaurants are located near

1771-420: Is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels . Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin , or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria , weight loss, and blurred vision . If left untreated, the disease can lead to various health complications, including disorders of

1848-603: Is a more variable disease than once thought, and individuals may have a combination of forms. Type 1 accounts for 5 to 10% of diabetes cases and is the most common type diagnosed in patients under 20 years; however, the older term "juvenile-onset diabetes" is no longer used as onset in adulthood is not unusual. The disease is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreatic islets , leading to severe insulin deficiency, and can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic (without known cause). The majority of cases are immune-mediated, in which

1925-412: Is also associated with an increased risk of diabetes and its complications, so smoking cessation can be an important preventive measure as well. The relationship between type 2 diabetes and the main modifiable risk factors (excess weight, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use) is similar in all regions of the world. There is growing evidence that the underlying determinants of diabetes are

2002-400: Is an estimated US$ 760 billion a year. The classic symptoms of untreated diabetes are polyuria , thirst, and weight loss. Several other non-specific signs and symptoms may also occur, including fatigue, blurred vision, sweet smelling urine/semen and genital itchiness due to Candida infection . About half of affected individuals may also be asymptomatic. Type 1 presents abruptly following

2079-425: Is another long-term complication associated with diabetes. Based on extensive data and numerous cases of gallstone disease, it appears that a causal link might exist between type 2 diabetes and gallstones. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing gallstones compared to those without diabetes. There is a link between cognitive deficit and diabetes; studies have shown that diabetic individuals are at

2156-408: Is better than fasting glucose for determining risks of cardiovascular disease and death from any cause. There is no known preventive measure for type 1 diabetes. However, islet autoimmunity and multiple antibodies can be a strong predictor of the onset of type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes—which accounts for 85–90% of all cases worldwide—can often be prevented or delayed by maintaining

2233-563: Is characterized by insulin resistance , which may be combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion. The defective responsiveness of body tissues to insulin is believed to involve the insulin receptor . However, the specific defects are not known. Diabetes mellitus cases due to a known defect are classified separately. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes mellitus accounting for 95% of diabetes. Many people with type 2 diabetes have evidence of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) before meeting

2310-460: Is closer to Selayang in distance. Selayang Hot Spring or Kolam Air Panas Selayang is a very popular place among locals, which was discovered almost four decades ago and rumoured "to have cured visitors with illnesses and diseases", such as diabetes , gout , skin illnesses and many more. Though the truth of such claims remain uncertain, numerous testimonies have been received by visitors. There are even visitors who spend time here two or three days in

2387-507: Is diagnosed with a test for the glucose content in the blood, and is diagnosed by demonstrating any one of the following: A positive result, in the absence of unequivocal high blood sugar, should be confirmed by a repeat of any of the above methods on a different day. It is preferable to measure a fasting glucose level because of the ease of measurement and the considerable time commitment of formal glucose tolerance testing, which takes two hours to complete and offers no prognostic advantage over

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2464-420: Is estimated that by 2045, approximately 783 million adults, or 1 in 8, will be living with diabetes, representing a 46% increase from the current figures. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most dramatically in low- and middle-income nations. Rates are similar in women and men, with diabetes being the seventh leading cause of death globally. The global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare

2541-495: Is fully treatable, but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. Management may include dietary changes, blood glucose monitoring, and in some cases, insulin may be required. Though it may be transient, untreated gestational diabetes can damage the health of the fetus or mother. Risks to the baby include macrosomia (high birth weight), congenital heart and central nervous system abnormalities, and skeletal muscle malformations. Increased levels of insulin in

2618-481: Is marked fetal distress or an increased risk of injury associated with macrosomia, such as shoulder dystocia . Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of diabetes, due to one of several single-gene mutations causing defects in insulin production. It is significantly less common than the three main types, constituting 1–2% of all cases. The name of this disease refers to early hypotheses as to its nature. Being due to

2695-422: Is not stored appropriately in the liver and muscles. The net effect is persistently high levels of blood glucose, poor protein synthesis , and other metabolic derangements, such as metabolic acidosis in cases of complete insulin deficiency. When there is too much glucose in the blood for a long time, the kidneys cannot absorb it all (reach a threshold of reabsorption ) and the extra glucose gets passed out of

2772-504: Is one of the busiest place attracting people to purchase wet products at cheap prices. The market which previously have the two large hangar-like facility which has since been demolished is located by the road side of Jalan Ipoh near the border between Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. It is an active and hectic trading market, selling fishery, agriculture and poultry products and at usually its peak preceding festive seasons during which households purchase more goods for celebration preparation. Despite

2849-451: Is possible. That can be done in specific intensities and with proper understanding on how to handle glucose control over time. Youth dealing with diabetes face unique challenges. These can include the emotional, psychological, and social implications as a result of managing a chronic condition at such a young age. Both forms of diabetes can have long-term risks for complications like cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage. This

2926-405: Is recommended that all pregnant women get tested starting around 24–28 weeks gestation. It is most often diagnosed in the second or third trimester because of the increase in insulin-antagonist hormone levels that occurs at this time. However, after pregnancy approximately 5–10% of women with gestational diabetes are found to have another form of diabetes, most commonly type 2. Gestational diabetes

3003-710: Is the primary goal of diabetes management since it is critical to managing diabetes and preventing or postponing such complications. People with type 1 diabetes have higher rates of autoimmune disorders than the general population. An analysis of a type 1 diabetes registry found that 27% of the 25,000 participants had other autoimmune disorders. Between 2% and 16% of people with type 1 diabetes also have celiac disease . Diabetes management concentrates on keeping blood sugar levels close to normal, without causing low blood sugar. This can usually be accomplished with dietary changes, exercise, weight loss, and use of appropriate medications (insulin, oral medications). Learning about

3080-418: Is typically resolved once the hormone excess is removed). Many drugs impair insulin secretion and some toxins damage pancreatic beta cells, whereas others increase insulin resistance (especially glucocorticoids which can provoke " steroid diabetes "). The ICD-10 (1992) diagnostic entity, malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (ICD-10 code E12), was deprecated by the World Health Organization (WHO) when

3157-437: Is very uncommon. Genetic mutations ( autosomal or mitochondrial ) can lead to defects in beta cell function. Abnormal insulin action may also have been genetically determined in some cases. Any disease that causes extensive damage to the pancreas may lead to diabetes (for example, chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis ). Diseases associated with excessive secretion of insulin-antagonistic hormones can cause diabetes (which

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3234-526: Is widely used to reduce the risk of diabetic foot ulcers by relieving the pressure on the foot. Foot examination for patients living with diabetes should be done annually which includes sensation testing, foot biomechanics , vascular integrity and foot structure. Concerning those with severe mental illness , the efficacy of type 2 diabetes self-management interventions is still poorly explored, with insufficient scientific evidence to show whether these interventions have similar results to those observed in

3311-756: The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM/UIAM) is also located here as well as the Batu Caves . Gombak is also home to an aboriginal Orang Asli settlement, and it is the site of the Orang Asli Museum . Gombak River merges with the larger Klang River in Kuala Lumpur. The meeting place of the two rivers is the birthplace of Kuala Lumpur. At the center of the confluence is the Masjid Jamek . Gombak (town) also refers to as

3388-885: The Titiwangsa Mountains (Banjaran Titiwangsa), Selayang is a mix of urban and countryside sceneries. Its premier natural attraction, which is well known across the country, is the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), also known as FRIM Kepong. As a leading institute in tropical forestry research, it administers the sustainable management of the forest for the purpose of preservation and research. The institute dates back to 1926. This forest reserve area covers part of Kepong, Selayang (Bukit Lagong ) and Rawang (Templer). Home for numerous species of flora and fauna . FRIM also functions as educational and recreational destination well equipped with infrastructures such as laboratory, information centre, sport facilities,

3465-610: The Ulu Yam road. Ulu Yam town is located at the north east neighbouring Batang Kali , and drivers would first pass by the Batu Dam , a water supply dam cum family recreation location, well known by the locals. Among recreational sport available in Empangan Batu is paragliding and kayaking and visitors spend their evening by jogging, playing kite or simply cooling down with families and colleagues. Gombak District The main campus of

3542-522: The cardiovascular system , eye , kidney , and nerves . Diabetes accounts for approximately 4.2 million deaths every year, with an estimated 1.5 million caused by either untreated or poorly treated diabetes. The major types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 . The most common treatment for type 1 is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections), while anti-diabetic medications (such as metformin and semaglutide ) and lifestyle modifications can be used to manage type 2. Gestational diabetes ,

3619-481: The eyes , kidneys , and nerves . Damage to the retina, known as diabetic retinopathy , is the most common cause of blindness in people of working age. The eyes can also be affected in other ways, including development of cataract and glaucoma . It is recommended that people with diabetes visit an optometrist or ophthalmologist once a year. Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease , accounting for over 50% of patients on dialysis in

3696-485: The United States. Diabetic neuropathy , damage to nerves, manifests in various ways, including sensory loss , neuropathic pain , and autonomic dysfunction (such as postural hypotension , diarrhoea , and erectile dysfunction ). Loss of pain sensation predisposes to trauma that can lead to diabetic foot problems (such as ulceration ), the most common cause of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation . Hearing loss

3773-519: The attractions popular among the locals. Officiated in 2005 by the state's Minister, the Pusat Latihan Belia Bukit Lagong (Bukit Lagong Youth Training Center) opened for school and college outdoor programs, team-building, camping and various other recreational activities, mainly aims toward the development of youth. Alongside the crooked small route reaching towards the camp is a river that flows to Sungai Gombak, carrying fresh water from

3850-440: The benefits, safe procedures, glucose control, and physical activity. With a survey conducted in the beginning, youth and parents demonstrated their fear of hypoglycemia. At the end of the program, most of the youth and parents showed confidence on how to manage and handle situations regarding hypoglycemia. In some instances, youth provided feedback that a continuation of the sessions would be beneficial. In two other studies, exercise

3927-414: The beta cells and in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. This process is mainly controlled by the hormone glucagon , which acts in the opposite manner to insulin. If the amount of insulin available is insufficient, or if cells respond poorly to the effects of insulin ( insulin resistance ), or if the insulin itself is defective, then glucose is not absorbed properly by the body cells that require it, and

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4004-511: The body through urine ( glycosuria ). This increases the osmotic pressure of the urine and inhibits reabsorption of water by the kidney, resulting in increased urine production ( polyuria ) and increased fluid loss. Lost blood volume is replaced osmotically from water in body cells and other body compartments, causing dehydration and increased thirst ( polydipsia ). In addition, intracellular glucose deficiency stimulates appetite leading to excessive food intake (polyphagia). Diabetes mellitus

4081-430: The criteria for type 2 diabetes. The progression of prediabetes to overt type 2 diabetes can be slowed or reversed by lifestyle changes or medications that improve insulin sensitivity or reduce the liver's glucose production . Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to lifestyle factors and genetics. A number of lifestyle factors are known to be important to the development of type 2 diabetes, including obesity (defined by

4158-430: The current taxonomy was introduced in 1999. Yet another form of diabetes that people may develop is double diabetes . This is when a type 1 diabetic becomes insulin resistant, the hallmark for type 2 diabetes or has a family history for type 2 diabetes. It was first discovered in 1990 or 1991. The following is a list of disorders that may increase the risk of diabetes: Insulin is the principal hormone that regulates

4235-491: The diet is also important, with saturated fat and trans fats increasing the risk and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat decreasing the risk. Eating white rice excessively may increase the risk of diabetes, especially in Chinese and Japanese people. Lack of physical activity may increase the risk of diabetes in some people. Adverse childhood experiences , including abuse, neglect, and household difficulties, increase

4312-467: The disease and actively participating in the treatment is important, since complications are far less common and less severe in people who have well-managed blood sugar levels. The goal of treatment is an A1C level below 7%. Attention is also paid to other health problems that may accelerate the negative effects of diabetes. These include smoking , high blood pressure , metabolic syndrome obesity , and lack of regular exercise . Specialized footwear

4389-661: The east is Jalan Batu Caves , which is annually closed during the Thaipusam celebration. The federal constituency represented in the Dewan Rakyat is Selayang (federal constituency) . Most of Selayang is administered by Selayang Municipal Council ( Majlis Perbandaran Selayang , MPS). Part of the town that spills over into the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur is administered by Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL, English: Kuala Lumpur City Hall ). The postcode for Selayang

4466-518: The fasting test. According to the current definition, two fasting glucose measurements at or above 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) is considered diagnostic for diabetes mellitus. Per the WHO, people with fasting glucose levels from 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L (110 to 125 mg/dL) are considered to have impaired fasting glucose . People with plasma glucose at or above 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), but not over 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), two hours after

4543-434: The form of glycogen. Insulin is released into the blood by beta cells (β-cells), found in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, in response to rising levels of blood glucose, typically after eating. Insulin is used by about two-thirds of the body's cells to absorb glucose from the blood for use as fuel, for conversion to other needed molecules, or for storage. Lower glucose levels result in decreased insulin release from

4620-473: The general population. People with diabetes can benefit from education about the disease and treatment, dietary changes, and exercise, with the goal of keeping both short-term and long-term blood glucose levels within acceptable bounds . In addition, given the associated higher risks of cardiovascular disease, lifestyle modifications are recommended to control blood pressure. Weight loss can prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes type 2 , decrease

4697-528: The glycemic threshold at which symptoms occur, meaning mild symptoms may not appear before cognitive deterioration begins to occur. The major long-term complications of diabetes relate to damage to blood vessels at both macrovascular and microvascular levels. Diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease , and about 75% of deaths in people with diabetes are due to coronary artery disease . Other macrovascular morbidities include stroke and peripheral artery disease . Microvascular disease affects

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4774-555: The hill. Another natural recreational escapade similar to Bukit Lagong is Taman Rimba Komanwel (Commonwealth Forest Park and Resort), located at KM43 on the farther north close to Rawang-Selayang border, in Lagong forest reserve. It is only accessible by using the Rawang-Kuala Lumpur Jalan Ipoh route, about 40 minutes ride from Kuala Lumpur. Taman Rimba Komanwel is more attributed to Rawang town rather than Selayang, though it

4851-427: The increasing competition with newly established low price markets such as Tesco and NSK Trade City, Pasar Borong Selayang continue to survive and generally still is the default market choice. Open daily as early as 3 am, the market attracts buyers even far from outer Selayang, including Kuala Lumpur and Rawang. Another recreational destination, Ulu Yam, places series of rivers and waterfalls at several points along

4928-705: The largest Hui Muslim Communities in Malaysia. Nearly 60% of Hui Chinese live in Gombak. National education is under the purview of the Gombak District Education Office. As of 2014, there were 53 national type primary schools, eight national type (Chinese) primary schools, seven national type (Tamil) primary schools, 30 national type secondary schools (SMK), two national type secondary boarding schools (SM Berasrama Penuh), two national type secondary Islam religious school (SM Agama) and two national type secondary vocational schools (Kolej Vokasional) Gombak has

5005-499: The likelihood of type 2 diabetes later in life by 32%, with neglect having the strongest effect. Antipsychotic medication side effects (specifically metabolic abnormalities, dyslipidemia and weight gain) are also potential risk factors. Gestational diabetes resembles type 2 diabetes in several respects, involving a combination of relatively inadequate insulin secretion and responsiveness. It occurs in about 2–10% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. It

5082-435: The most evidence for improving glycemia", and for individuals with type 2 diabetes who cannot meet the glycemic targets or where reducing anti-glycemic medications is a priority, low or very-low carbohydrate diets are a viable approach. For overweight people with type 2 diabetes, any diet that achieves weight loss is effective. A 2020 Cochrane systematic review compared several non-nutritive sweeteners to sugar, placebo and

5159-462: The onset of diabetes can be triggered by one or more environmental factors , such as a viral infection or diet. Several viruses have been implicated, but to date there is no stringent evidence to support this hypothesis in humans. Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, and a significant proportion is diagnosed during adulthood. Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is the diagnostic term applied when type 1 diabetes develops in adults; it has

5236-550: The risk of cardiovascular disease, or result in a partial remission in people with diabetes. No single dietary pattern is best for all people with diabetes. Healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet , low-carbohydrate diet , or DASH diet , are often recommended, although evidence does not support one over the others. According to the ADA, "reducing overall carbohydrate intake for individuals with diabetes has demonstrated

5313-681: The smell of acetone in the breath, deep breathing known as Kussmaul breathing , and in severe cases decreased level of consciousness . Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is another emergency characterized by dehydration secondary to severe hyperglycemia, with resultant hypernatremia leading to an altered mental state and possibly coma . Hypoglycemia is a recognized complication of insulin treatment used in diabetes. An acute presentation can include mild symptoms such as sweating , trembling, and palpitations , to more serious effects including impaired cognition , confusion, seizures , coma , and rarely death. Recurrent hypoglycemic episodes may lower

5390-583: The stadium. The town becomes very lively when there are games played in the MPS Stadiums the stadium's spotlights illumination pour the surrounding area with a bright beam. The town's pasar malam (night market) opens every Thursday evening and is located behind the stadium where it sells food, clothes and merchandise. MPS constantly maintains BBS to preserve the town's landscape and cleanliness. Known among households and wholesale traders within and out from Selayang, Pasar Borong Selayang (Selayang wholesale market)

5467-412: The storage form of glucose found in the liver; and gluconeogenesis , the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates in the body. Insulin plays a critical role in regulating glucose levels in the body. Insulin can inhibit the breakdown of glycogen or the process of gluconeogenesis, it can stimulate the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells, and it can stimulate the storage of glucose in

5544-400: The town and district itself but the locals usually refers Gombak as the town, not the district. Gombak District is divided into 4 mukims , which are: Gombak is partly administrated by two different local governments completely within it, which fall under the state jurisdiction, not the district: The following is based on Department of Statistics Malaysia 2010 census. Gombak has one of

5621-485: The uptake of glucose from the blood into most cells of the body, especially liver, adipose tissue and muscle, except smooth muscle, in which insulin acts via the IGF-1 . Therefore, deficiency of insulin or the insensitivity of its receptors play a central role in all forms of diabetes mellitus. The body obtains glucose from three main sources: the intestinal absorption of food; the breakdown of glycogen ( glycogenolysis ),

5698-415: Was a greater drop of blood glucose post exercise in the high intensity (-1.47mmol/L). During recovery, the continuous exercise showed a greater decrease in blood glucose. With all these, continuous exercise resulted in being more favorable for managing blood glucose levels. In the other study, it is mentioned that exercise also contributed to a notable impact on glucose levels. Post-exercise measurements, there

5775-642: Was a low mean glucose level that occurred 12 to 16 hours after exercising. Although, with participants exercising for longer sessions (≥90 minutes), hypoglycemia rates were higher. With all these, participants showed well-managed glucose control by intaking proper carbohydrates amount without any insulin adjustments. Lastly, the study, that educated youth and parents about exercise important and management of hypoglycemia, showed many youths feeling confident to continue to exercise regularly and being able to manage their glucose levels. Therefore, as important as exercising is, showing youth and parents that being physical active

5852-591: Was formerly the old Batu Caves railway, MP Selayang Stadium , the MPS Sri Siantan Sports Center (locating the public swimming pool, locally known as Kompleks Sukan Sri Siantan), hospital, public library, public university and access to the Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 (MRR2). Currently, Selayang is undergoing moderate yet rapid development, notably real properties for residential and commercial. Alongside developments, Selayang hosts

5929-583: Was the aim to investigate on how it affects adolescents with T1D. In one of those studies, the impact was assessed in the changes of glucose in exercise by how many minutes per day, intensity, duration, and heart rate. Also, glucose was monitored to see changes during exercise, post exercise, and overnight. The other study investigated how types of exercises can affect glucose levels. The exercise types were continuous moderate exercise and interval-high-intensity exercise. Both types consisted of 2 sets of 10-minute work at different pedaling paces. The continuous pedaled at

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